Role of routine lymph node dissection alongside resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 1 PRISMA flow chart demonstrating study selection commencing from all studies identified during initial search.

Figure 2 Lymph node dissection and overall survival. A: Forest plot demonstrating the effect of lymph node dissection (LND) on overall survival (OS); B: Funnel plot of all included studies reporting OS in patients undergoing LND. 95%CI: 95% confidence intervals; HR: Hazard ratios.

Figure 3 Lymph node dissection and disease-free survival. A: Forest plot demonstrating the effect of lymph node dissection (LND) on disease-free survival (DFS); B: Funnel plot of all included studies reporting DFS in patients undergoing LND.

Figure 4 Geographical and Time-Based effects of lymph node dissection on overall survival. A: Forest plot demonstrating regional differences (Eastern vs Western) between the effect of lymph node dissection (LND) on overall survival (OS); B: Forest plot demonstrating time-dependent differences of the effect of LND on OS.

Figure 5 Univariate meta-regression analysis of the risk factors for overall survival in all patients undergoing resection.

Figure 6 Risk of bias assessment of included studies. A: Summary of risk of bias in each domain of ROBINS-I tool for included studies; B: Risk of bias using ROBINS-I tool for each included study.