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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jan 15, 2023; 15(1): 55-68
Published online Jan 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i1.55
Published online Jan 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i1.55
Figure 1 Three different types based on immune characteristics.
Immune-excluded phenotype: T cells cannot homie from the tumor stroma to the interior of the tumor; Immune-desert phenotype: Anticancer immune initiation error, including insufficient antigen release, insufficient antigen presentation, T cell initiation and activation disorders. TMB: Tumor mutation burden; IFN-γ: Interferon- γ; PD-L1: Programmed cell death 1 Ligand 1.
- Citation: Li DD, Tang YL, Wang X. Challenges and exploration for immunotherapies targeting cold colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15(1): 55-68
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v15/i1/55.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v15.i1.55