Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Feb 15, 2022; 14(2): 375-395
Published online Feb 15, 2022. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.375
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Tumor-promoting inflammation. TLRs: Toll-like receptors; BFT: Bacteroides fragilis toxin; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; ETBF: Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; SATA3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Th17: T-helper-17.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Avoiding immune destruction. TIGIT: T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain; NK: Natural killer.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Deregulating cellular energetics. SCFAs: Short chain fatty acids.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Sustaining proliferative signaling.
Figure 5
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Figure 5 Resisting cell death. WEA: Wall extracted antigens; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; IL: Interleukin; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2.
Figure 6
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Figure 6 Genome instability. Colibactin is a genotoxin associated with particular strains of Escherichia coli. Sulfidogenic bacteria referred to in this diagram are Fusobacterium, Desulfovibrio and Bilophila wadsworthia. ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RNS: Reactive nitrogen species; H2S: Hydrogen sulfide; CIN: Chromosomal instability; BFT: Bacteroides fragilis toxin; MSI: Microsatellite instability; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2.