Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2021; 13(11): 1648-1667
Published online Nov 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1648
Figure 1
Figure 1 Mechanisms of transforming growth factor-β signaling and involvement in gastrointestinal cancer chemoresistance. CAFs: Cancer-associated fibroblasts; CSCs: Cancer stem cells; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; TβRI: TGF-β Type 1 receptor; TβRII: TGF-β Type 2 receptor.