Validation and head-to-head comparison of four models for predicting malignancy of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: A study based on endoscopic ultrasound findings

Figure 1 Study cohort. HGD: High-grade dysplasia; IGD: Intermediate-grade dysplasia; IPMN: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; LGD: Low-grade dysplasia; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Figure 2 Associations between five risk factors and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in multivariate logistic regression analysis. BD: Branch duct; CA: Carbohydrate antigen; CI: Confidence interval; MD: Main duct; MPD: Main pancreatic duct.

Figure 3 Comparison of the four models using receiver operating characteristic curves. AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval; JHH: Johns Hopkins Hospital; JPN-KOR: Japan-Korea; JPS: Japan Pancreas Society; PSC: Pancreatic Surgery Consortium.

Figure 4 Calibration plots of the observed vs predicted probability of malignancy in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. A: The PSC model; B: The JPS model; C: The JHH model; D: The JPN-KOR model. JHH: Johns Hopkins Hospital; JPN-KOR: Japan-Korea; JPS: Japan Pancreas Society; PSC: Pancreatic Surgery Consortium.