This study evaluates Fasudil, a Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, for its potential to inhibit oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) growth and explores phospho-cofilin as a potential biomarker for prediction treatment efficiency of Fasudil in OSCC.

A cohort of 109 OSCC patients provided tissue samples for phospho-cofilin expression analysis and survival analysis. The study examined the effect of Fasudil on OSCC cell lines HSC-3, UM1, and CAL33, assessing tumor growth inhibition through various in vitro and in vivo experiments. ROCK inhibition response and downstream mechanisms were explored by RNA sequencing, q-PCR, and immunofluorescence.

High phospho-cofilin expression in OSCC tissues correlated with poor patient outcomes and was a reliable biomarker for ROCK activity. Fasudil inhibited growth in OSCC cell lines, particularly those with high phospho-cofilin expression. ROCK inhibition led to downregulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity, resulting in suppressed tumor proliferation and increased apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.

Inhibition of ROCK/phospho-cofilin/YAP by Fasudil could suppress OSCC proliferation, while phospho-cofilin served as a potential biomarker of OSCC.

Background: Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, including familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Lynch syndrome (LS), and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), are associated with an increased risk of small bowel cancer (SBC). Due to the low incidence and non-specific presentation of SBC, effective surveillance strategies are essential for early detection and management. This review aims to evaluate and compare current endoscopic techniques for small bowel surveillance in these patients. Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted using peer-reviewed studies sourced from PubMed. Various endoscopic modalities, including capsule endoscopy (CE), device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE), and intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE), were assessed for their diagnostic yield, safety, and clinical utility. Surveillance recommendations of the different syndromes were also examined. Results: CE offers high sensitivity but lacks histological sampling capability. DAE, including double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE), enables direct visualization, biopsy, and therapeutic interventions, albeit with greater procedural complexity. In FAP, duodenal surveillance follows the Spigelman classification to stratify cancer risk, while jejunal and ileal polyps remain less studied. LS patients have an increased SBC risk, warranting tailored endoscopic approaches. In PJS, surveillance aims to mitigate intussusception risks and allow early malignancy detection. Conclusions: Optimized surveillance strategies in hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes require a multimodal approach, integrating advanced endoscopic techniques with genetic risk stratification. Centralized care in tertiary centers improves outcomes by ensuring standardized surveillance protocols and enhancing early cancer detection. Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to CE and DAE is shaping promising prospects for the future surveillance of small bowel polyps by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and reducing the duration of the diagnostic process. Further research should investigate AI-assisted imaging and molecular biomarkers to optimize screening strategies.

Breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent form of cancer globally. Currently, advanced screening methods have significantly improved early detection rates. These achievements have led to more non-invasive cancer diagnoses and underscored the clinical relevance of precursor lesions like flat epithelial atypia (FEA), a histological condition characterized by mild atypical changes in the normal epithelium lining the mammary ducts. Despite the increasing detection of FEA in mammary biopsy, our understanding of the biological behavior of this entity remains limited and, as a consequence, the clinical management of patients is still being debated. Evidence from the literature indicates that dysregulation of microRNAs contributes to all stages of breast cancer progression, potentially serving as valuable markers of disease evolution. In this study, through a comparison of the microRNA profiles of normal mammary epithelium, FEA, and non-invasive breast cancer in three cohorts of patients, we identified downregulation of miR-1297 as a common feature in both FEA and non-invasive breast cancer compared to the normal counterpart. Mechanistically, overexpression of miR-1297 inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells by targeting the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase EphrinA2. In contrast, downregulation of miR-1297 increases proliferation and alters the morphology of normal mammary epithelial cells in a three-dimensional context. These findings pinpoint the downregulation of miR-1297 as an early event in mammary transformation and suggest its potential role as a driver of progression in FEA, harboring the capacity to evolve into malignancy.

This study analyzed breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab in Brazil's unified health system (SUS) from 2008 to 2015. A non-concurrent cohort study using SUS data applied propensity score matching to reduce bias between trastuzumab and non-trastuzumab groups. Survival probabilities were estimated via Kaplan-Meier, with subgroup analysis using the log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Among 20,852 patients, the overall survival rate was 92%, with 94% in the trastuzumab group and 90% in the non-trastuzumab group. Younger, black patients and those in the North region had poorer survival. Advanced disease stages and palliative treatments were linked to higher mortality, while adjuvant therapy and radiotherapy were protective. During follow-up, 8.1% of patients died, with better outcomes observed in the trastuzumab group (p < 0.0001). Late initiation of trastuzumab (after 16 months) improved survival, especially in early stages (I and II). Invasive tumors and stage IV disease were associated with worse prognoses. The study demonstrates trastuzumab's effectiveness in SUS, underscores survival disparities related to sociodemographic factors, and emphasizes the need for early detection, equitable access, and optimized treatment timelines to improve outcomes in public healthcare.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in promoting cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major constituent of the TME, but universal CAFs' markers have not yet been identified. We selected several new biomarkers [p16 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] to investigate the molecular landscape in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), given to the unique TME of this malignancy.

In total, 64 patients with a diagnosis of EOC who underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University of Pisa were enrolled between January 2019 and June 2021. The stromal expression of α-SMA and p16 was investigated by using immunohistochemistry, and the correlations between p16 and α-SMA immunoreactivity and BRCA mutational status were analyzed.

Positive p16 stromal expression was found in 6 out of 38 (15,78%) patients with wild-type BRCA and in only 1 of the 22 (4,50%) patients with mutated BRCA. Conversely, positive α-SMA expression was detected in 34 of 38 patients with wild-type BRCA (89,47%) and in 21 of 22 patients (95,45%) with mutated BRCA. There was a significant difference (r = -0,32) between the negative stromal p16 expression and the positive stromal expression of α-SMA.

This study suggests a new correlation between stromal expression of p16 and α-SMA and BRCA mutational status in EOC. Further investigations are strongly warranted to improve the understanding of the landscape of this malignancy.

Appendiceal epithelial tumors are rare and encompass a broad set of adenocarcinoma histologies, including mucinous (mAC), colonic-type (cAC), and goblet cell (GCA) adenocarcinomas. It has previously been reported that nodal disease predicted recurrence in patients with nonmetastatic appendiceal adenocarcinomas, supporting diagnostic laparoscopy with right hemicolectomy for staging and assessment for risk of recurrence. In this update, we sought to identify predictors of nodal disease on initial diagnostic pathology in nonmetastatic adenocarcinomas.

Patients with nonmetastatic appendiceal adenocarcinoma at a single institution from 1994 to 2020 were included. Clinicopathologic characteristics that predict recurrence and lymph node metastasis were analyzed. Workup included staging laparoscopy with right hemicolectomy, seriel imaging and biochemical monitoring.

A total of 147 patients with mAC (18%), cAC (22%), and GCAs (59%) were included. After median follow-up of 53 months, 23 (16%) patients recurred, most commonly in the peritoneal cavity (17/23, 74%). Recurrence rates were higher among node-positive patients (59% vs. 5%, P < 0.001). Nodal disease was more common in mAC (27%) and cAC (37%) than in GCA (11%); however, adenocarcinoma grade was not associated with nodal involvement.

Nodal metastasis was more common in mAC and cAC compared with GCA and was the only significant predictor of recurrence in appendix cancer.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the oncological and neurological outcome of patients undergoing interdisciplinary treatment for primary malignant bone and soft-tissue tumours of the spine within the last seven decades, and changes over time.

We retrospectively analyzed our single-centre experience of prospectively collected data by querying our tumour registry (Medical University of Vienna). Therapeutic, pathological, and demographic variables were examined. Descriptive data are reported for the entire cohort. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were applied to evaluate survival rates and the influence of potential risk factors.

A total of 119 consecutive patients (mean age 38 years (SD 37; 1 to 83), mean follow-up 66 months (SD 26; 0 to 505) were investigated. Histological entities included Ewing's sarcoma (EWS; 33), chondrosarcoma (CSA; 20), osteosarcoma (OSA; 22), and soft-tissue sarcoma (STS; 44). Surgery was performed in 88 patients (74%). Neurological parameters improved in 18 patients (20%) after surgery. Overall, 32 patients (36%) suffered from surgical complications requiring revision. The median survival was 42 months (IQR 10 to 204). The one-, five-, and ten-year survival rates were 73%, 47%, and 39%, respectively. Corresponding five-year survival rates for EWS, CSA, OSA, and STS were 63%, 61%, 40%, and 32%, respectively. The decade of diagnosis, histological entity, surgical intervention, resection margin, and the presence of metastases had significant influence on survival. (Neo-)adjuvant therapies alone had no significant influence on overall survival.

Our study clearly demonstrates the positive impact of improved surgical techniques, as well as refined imaging methods and evolved adjuvant therapy options, on survival rate in all tumour entities. However, despite a multimodal treatment plan, the long-term mortality of these tumours remains high.

Cellular biophysical metrics exhibit systematic alterations during processes, such as metastasis and immune cell activation, which can be used to identify and separate live cell subpopulations for targeting drug screening. Image-based biophysical cytometry under extensional flows can accurately quantify cell deformability based on cell shape alterations but needs extensive image reconstruction, which limits its inline utilization to activate cell sorting. Impedance cytometry can measure these cell shape alterations based on electric field screening, while its frequency response offers functional information on cell viability and interior structure, which are difficult to discern by imaging. Furthermore, 1-D temporal impedance signal trains exhibit characteristic shapes that can be rapidly templated in near real-time to extract single-cell biophysical metrics to activate sorting. We present a multilayer perceptron neural network signal templating approach that utilizes raw impedance signals from cells under extensional flow, alongside its training with image metrics from corresponding cells to derive net electrical anisotropy metrics that quantify cell deformability over wide anisotropy ranges and with minimal errors from cell size distributions. Deformability and electrical physiology metrics are applied in conjunction on the same cell for multiparametric classification of live pancreatic cancer cells versus cancer associated fibroblasts using the support vector machine model.

Selenium is an essential element with various industrial and medical applications, hence the current considerable attention towards the genesis and utilization of SeNPs. SeNPs and other nanoparticles could be achieved via physical and chemical methods, but these methods would not only require expensive equipment and specific reagents but are also not always environment friendly. Biogenesis of SeNPs could therefore be considered as a less troublesome alternative, which opens an excellent window to the selenium and nanoparticles' world. bSeNPs have proved to exert higher bioavailability, lower toxicity, and broader utility as compared to their non-bio counterparts. Many researchers have reported promising features of bSeNP such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory, in vitro and in vivo. Considering this, bSeNPs have been tried as effective agents for health disorders, especially as constituents of probiotics. This article briefly reviews selenium, selenium nanoparticles, Se-enriched probiotics, and bSeNPs' usage in an array of health disorders. Obviously, there are very many articles on bSeNPs, but we wanted to summarize studies on prominent bSeNPs features published in the twenty-first century. This review is hoped to give an outlook to researchers for their future investigations, ultimately serving better care of health disorders.

Nanotechnology has increasingly been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over the past two decades. This study aims to explore the utilization of nanotechnology in HCC through a bibliometric analysis, identifying key themes, trends, and contributions in this field.

The study utilized VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to perform a bibliometric analysis, evaluating scholarly contributions related to nanotechnology in HCC. The analysis focused on co-occurrence network relationships, publications, citations, and contributions from various entities and authors.

The analysis revealed a total of 2,968 articles, with China and the USA being the most prominent contributors in terms of publications and citations. Notable contributions were made by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and authors Gao Jie and Li Yan. LLOVET JM emerged as the most co-cited author, indicating a leadership role in the field. The "International Journal of Nanomedicine" was identified as the leading publisher, while "Biomaterials" ranked highest in citations. The research mainly focused on drug delivery systems and apoptosis, highlighting significant advancements in utilizing nanotechnology for HCC treatment.

This bibliometric study underscores the critical role of nanotechnology in advancing the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, with a particular emphasis on drug delivery and apoptosis. The findings highlight the contributions of key countries, institutions, and authors, reflecting the global effort and collaboration in this rapidly evolving field.

Gynecological cancers are characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation within the female reproductive organs. These cancers pose a significant threat to women's health, impacting life expectancy, quality of life, and fertility. Nanoparticles, with their small size, large surface area, and high permeability, have become a key focus in targeted cancer therapy. The aim of this study is to review recent advancements in nanoparticles applied to gynecologic cancers, providing valuable insights for future research.

We retrieved all literature on nanoparticles in gynecologic cancers from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database between January 1, 2004, and June 4, 2024. Data analysis and visualization were conducted using R software (version 4.4.0), VOSviewer (version 1.6.19.0), and CiteSpace (version 6.1).

A total of 2,843 publications from January 1, 2004, to June 4, 2024 were searched. Over the past 20 years, there has been a significant increase in publications. The leading countries and institutions in terms of productivity are China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The most prolific author and the most co-cited author are Sood, A K and Siegel, Rl. The top journals are the International Journal of Nanomedicine (n=97), followed by ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (n=72) and Journal of Materials Chemistry B (n=53). Keyword analysis shows current research focuses on two main areas: the application of nanoparticles for drug delivery and their broader applications in gynecologic cancers. Future research will likely focus on "silver nanoparticles," "gold nanoparticles," and "green synthesis."

Over the past two decades, nanoparticles have rapidly advanced in the field of gynecologic cancers. Research has primarily focused on the applications of nanoparticles in drug delivery and applications. Future trends point toward optimizing synthesis techniques and advancing preclinical studies to clinical applications, particularly for silver and gold nanoparticles. These findings provide valuable scientific insights for researchers.

The purpose of this study is to establish a deep learning automatic assistance diagnosis system for benign and malignant classification of mediastinal lesions in endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) images. EBUS images are in the form of video and contain multiple imaging modes. Different imaging modes and different frames can reflect the different characteristics of lesions. Compared with previous studies, the proposed model can efficiently extract and integrate the spatiotemporal relationships between different modes and does not require manual selection of representative frames. In recent years, Vision Transformer has received much attention in the field of computer vision. Combined with convolutional neural networks, hybrid transformers can also perform well on small datasets. This study designed a novel deep learning architecture based on hybrid transformer called TransEBUS. By adding learnable parameters in the temporal dimension, TransEBUS was able to extract spatiotemporal features from insufficient data. In addition, we designed a two-stream module to integrate information from three different imaging modes of EBUS. Furthermore, we applied contrastive learning when training TransEBUS, enabling it to learn discriminative representation of benign and malignant mediastinal lesions. The results show that TransEBUS achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 82% and an area under the curve of 0.8812 in the test dataset, outperforming other methods. It also shows that several models can improve performance by incorporating two-stream module. Our proposed system has shown its potential to help physicians distinguishing benign and malignant mediastinal lesions, thereby ensuring the accuracy of EBUS examination.

This study aims to develop a deep learning model using the 3DResUNet architecture to predict vertebral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) from Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) scans in patients with spinal metastatic tumors, enhancing osteoporosis screening capabilities.

749 patients with spinal metastatic tumors underwent QCT vertebral vBMD measurements. The dataset was randomly split into training (599 cases) and test sets (150 cases). The 3DResUNet model was trained for vBMD classification and prediction using QCT images processed with automated bone segmentation and ROI extraction.

The deep learning model demonstrated strong performance with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.923 (training set) and 0.918 (test set) between predicted and QCT-measured vBMD values. Bland-Altman analysis showed a slight bias of -1.42 mg/cm3 (training set) and -1.14 mg/cm3 (test set) between the model predictions and QCT measurements. The model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.977 (training set) and 0.966 (test set) for diagnosing Osteoporosis based on vBMD.

The developed deep learning model using 3DResUNet effectively predicts vertebral vBMD from QCT scans in patients with spinal metastatic tumors. It provides accurate and automated vBMD measurements, potentially facilitating widespread osteoporosis screening in clinical practice, mainly where DXA availability is limited.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) account for less than 1% of the overall human burden of malignant tumors. The intent of treatment in metastatic STSs is palliative and prognosis is dismal. This study aims to evaluate the role of low-dose radiotherapy and low-dose oral metronomic therapy in heavily pretreated metastatic infrequent STSs. This study was conducted in a prospective observational manner in a tertiary care center. A total of 16 cases met the inclusion criteria for enrollment in the study group. The diagnosis of all subtypes of STS was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry or cytogenetic studies. All the enrolled patients with metastatic STSs who were treated with surgery and two lines of chemotherapy were initially treated with low-dose radiotherapy of 20 Gy in 5 fractions or 30 Gy in 10 fractions according to the ECOG performance status of the patient. Out of 16 patients, seven patients (43.75%) were treated with 20 Gy, 5#, and 9 patients (56.25%) were treated with 30 Gy, 10# radiotherapy (RT). Out of 16 patients, four were of malignant fibrohistiocytic sarcoma, three were angiosarcoma, three were malignant phylloides tumor of the breast, two were fibrosarcoma, and one patient from each of the following subtypes inflammatory myofiroblastic tumor, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and dermato fibrosarcoma protuberance. Out of 16 patients, seven (43.75%) had a partial response (PR), nine (56.25%) had stable disease (SD) at 3 months, and all the patients had SD at 6 months of evaluation. All the patients had enjoyed a better quality of life as compared to their life during injectable chemotherapy. Targeted low-dose radiation and metronomic chemotherapy leads to quantifiable antiangiogeneic effects and immune effects in the local tumor microenvironment, and influences circulating immune mediators and anti-angiogenesis that could potentially help eradicate disease both within and outside the radiation treatment field.

Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological tumor. Previous studies have demonstrated that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK-92 cells targeting folate receptor α (αFR) (NK-92-αFR-CAR) can specifically kill αFR-positive ovarian cancer cells. However, the migration barrier restricts antitumor effects of CAR-engineered cells.

To elucidate the mechanism by which NK-92-αFR-CAR cells induce the secretion of chemokine CXCL10 during killing ovarian cancer cells. It is speculated that NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A can target αFR and have chemotaxis of CXCL10, and they may have stronger killing effect of ovarian cancer.

Study the mechanism of CXCL10 expression strongly induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ combined stimulation in ovarian cancer cells. Construct the fourth generation of NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A cells, which were co-expressed CXCR3A and αFR-CAR. Evaluate the killing and migration effects of NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A in vitro and in vivo.

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) first revealed that the expression level of the chemokine CXCL10 was most significantly increased in ovarian cancer cells co-cultured with NK-92-αFR-CAR. Secondly, cytokine stimulation experiments confirmed that IFN-γ and TNF-α secreted by NK-92-αFR-CAR synergistically induced high CXCL10 expression in ovarian cancer cells. Further signaling pathway experiments showed that IFN-γ and TNF-α enhanced the activation level of the IFN-γ-IFNGR-JAK1/2-STAT1-CXCL10 signaling axis. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A cells could not only efficiently kill αFR-positive ovarian cancer cells in vitro but also secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α. Higher migration than that of NK-92-αFR-CAR was detected in NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A using transwell assay. NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A effectively killed tumor cells in different mouse xenograft models of ovarian cancer and increased infiltration into tumor tissue.

This study confirmed that IFN-γ and TNF-α secreted by αFR-CAR-engineered NK cells can synergistically induce high expression of CXCL10 in ovarian cancer cells and constructed self-driving αFR-CAR-engineered NK cells that can break through migration barriers based on CXCL10, which may provide a new therapeutic weapon for ovarian cancer.

Palliative care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) faces challenges despite the high number of patients in need. To provide accessible, affordable, and timely services, it is crucial to adopt a suitable care model. World health organization (WHO) recommends integrating palliative care with primary health care (PHC). Given the unique conditions of EMR countries, there is a need to design a model tailored to these contexts.

This study is a multi-method research project conducted through several sub-studies, including a literature review, policy analysis, expert opinion (Delphi Method), dimension-specific analysis, model development, and its validation and refinement (Delphi Method). Drawing from the WHO model, six dimensions: policy, drug availability, education, community integration, service delivery, and research were considered to developing the model and implementation requirements. Within each dimension, evidence-based solutions tailored to the region's context were explored.

A successful palliative care model requires, in the policy dimension, oversight by the Ministry of Health (MOH). Having a focal-person or working group within the MOH is crucial for policy-making, formulation, and approval of clinical guidelines, as well as addressing care challenges. It is essential to provide access to morphine and other essential medications, along with facilitating the administration and consumption of morphine at home. Conducting empowerment courses for care providers, can address various challenges. Community involvement through volunteers, charities, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is also important. To ensure service provision, monitoring and evaluating systems are crucial, along with striving for service continuity through an appropriate payment system. Lastly, research is necessary for needs assessment, evidence-based practice, and designing evaluation indicators. The proposed model relies on community health workers, especially nurses, as multitasking professionals available for community palliative care. In the presented model, special attention has been given to networking, collaboration, and the use of digital health technologies to support nurses.

The model proposed for integrating palliative care into PHC should serve as a framework that enhances access to available and affordable services for countries in the region. While this model was developed based on the overall conditions of the region, each country can tailor it to its unique strengths and opportunities.

It is well documented that aging is associated with cancer, and likewise, cancer survivors display accelerated aging. As the number of aging individuals and cancer survivors continues to grow, it raises additional concerns across society. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of aging in tissues is essential to developing effective therapies to fight the aging and cancer diseases in cancer survivors and cancer patients. Indeed, cellular senescence is a critical response, or a natural barrier to suppress the transition of normal cells into cancer cells, however, hypoxia which is physiologically required to maintain the stem cell niche, is increased by aging and inhibits senescence in tissues. Interestingly, oxygen restriction or hypoxia increases longevity and slows the aging process in humans, but hypoxia can also drive angiogenesis to facilitate cancer progression. In addition, cancer treatment is considered as one of the major reasons that drive cellular senescence, subsequently followed by accelerated aging. Several clinical trials have recently evaluated inhibitors to eliminate senescent cells. However, some mechanisms of aging typically can also retard cancer cell growth and progression, which might require careful strategy for better clinical outcomes. Here we describe the molecular regulation of aging and cancer in crosstalk with DNA damage and hypoxia signaling pathways in cancer patients and cancer survivors. We also update several therapeutic strategies that might be critical in reversing the cancer treatment-associated aging process.

Bladder cancer (BC) is a significant global health issue with high incidence and mortality rates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and have been found to be dysregulated in BC. Understanding the role of miRNAs in BC development could lead to targeted therapies and improved patient management. Our study presents a thorough examination of the correlation between BC and miRNA research from 2008 to 2022. With the help of 3 powerful methods, including VOSviewer, Biblioshiny, and CiteSpace software, we analyzed the retrieved documents from "Core Collection databases online" on the Web of Science. In total, 798 articles were extracted from the Web of Science, and the number of published papers showed an upward trend from 2008 to 2019. The total number of citations was 21,233, of which the highest paper was a review article written by Chan Jiajia et al in 2018 with 752 citations. Based on the result of the coauthor analysis, Seki Naohiko was the most productive writer and China had the highest volume of published articles. Co-citation analysis was used to reveal the knowledge structure of the research field. In addition to the keywords "Bladder cancer" and "miRNA," "Proliferation," "Biomarkers," and "Apoptosis" were the high-frequency used keywords. Recently, increasingly researchers have paid more attention to the field about BC and miRNA around the worldwide. Through in-depth communication and close collaboration, the veil of miRNA in BC has gradually been unveiled. Bibliometric analysis helps to identify hotspots in research and areas for future investigation.

Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains an incurable disease stage with ineffective treatments options. Here, the androgen receptor (AR) coactivators CBP/p300, which are histone acetyltransferases, were identified as critical mediators of DNA damage repair (DDR) to potentially enhance therapeutic targeting of CRPC. Key findings demonstrate that CBP/p300 expression increases with disease progression and selects for poor prognosis in metastatic disease. CBP/p300 bromodomain inhibition enhances response to standard of care therapeutics. Functional studies, CBP/p300 cistrome mapping, and transcriptome in CRPC revealed that CBP/p300 regulates DDR. Further mechanistic investigation showed that CBP/p300 attenuation via therapeutic targeting and genomic knockdown decreases homologous recombination (HR) factors in vitro, in vivo, and in human prostate cancer (PCa) tumors ex vivo. Similarly, CBP/p300 expression in human prostate tissue correlates with HR factors. Lastly, targeting CBP/p300 impacts HR-mediate repair and patient outcome. Collectively, these studies identify CBP/p300 as drivers of PCa tumorigenesis and lay the groundwork to optimize therapeutic strategies for advanced PCa via CBP/p300 inhibition, potentially in combination with AR-directed and DDR therapies.

It is not clear how chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment and self-care ability affect the quality of life of women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, self-care ability, and quality of life in breast cancer patients, and test whether self-care ability plays a mediating role in the association between cognitive impairment and quality of life.

This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted in China in 2022. Self-reported scales were used to assess cognitive function, self-care ability, and quality of life. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analyses, the SPSS Process program was used to explore the mediating effect of self-care ability.

A total of 218 participants were investigated, and approximately 79.3% of patients experienced mild chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, the mean quality of life score was 59.96 ± 14.15, and the mean self-care ability score was 107.4 ± 24.09. Significant correlations among cognitive impairment, self-care ability, and quality of life were observed (P < .05). Additionally, self-care ability played a partial mediating role between cognitive impairment and quality of life (P < .05), accounting for 24.3% and 22.3%, respectively.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment and self-care ability are factors affecting the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Self-care ability mediates the relationship between cognitive impairment and quality of life. Enhancing patients' self-care ability can improve the quality of life of patients with cognitive impairment.

In the future, oncology nurses should not only pay attention to the severity of cognitive impairment, but also assess the level of patients' self-care ability, provide relevant medical and healthcare guidance, train self-management behavior and strengthen self-care ability by integrating multidisciplinary forces to improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients effectively.

To investigate the effects of dyadic intervention on anxiety, depression, care burden and quality of life in informal caregivers of palliative patients with lung cancer.

Informal caregivers of palliative lung cancer patients bear a large number of negative emotions during the process of caring for the patients. Dyadic intervention has the potential for improving them but the overall effect is unclear.

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

All randomized controlled trials were retrieved from the following databases until 4 May 2023: Web of Science, Embase Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Randomized Controlled Trials, Weipu, Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases.

This review was performed by Stata 12.0 and Review Manager 5.3.

Thirteen randomized controlled trials were in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 1807). The results revealed that dyadic intervention significantly improved family caregivers' anxiety, depression and caregiver burden of palliative patients with lung cancer. There was no significant difference in quality of life between the dyadic intervention group and family caregivers who did not receive the dyadic intervention.

Dyadic intervention positively impacts the experience of family caregivers of palliative patients with lung cancer.

Background and study aims Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with limited locoregional treatment options. Diffusing alpha-emitter radiation therapy (Alpha DaRT), a novel cancer treatment using alpha-particle interstitial radiotherapy, may help address this challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Alpha DaRT for advanced pancreatic cancer. Patients and methods Patients with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with EUS-guided Alpha DaRT insertion. The Alpha DaRT sources were delivered into pancreatic tumors using a standard EUS needle with a novel proprietary applicator. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Tumor response was evaluated by imaging 4 to 6 weeks post treatment. Results The first five patients were treated between March and September 2023. The procedure was technically successful in all cases, with Alpha DaRT sources inserted into the target tumor. Estimated gross tumor volume coverage ranged from 8% to 44%. Fourteen AEs were reported among three patients. Four were serious AEs, none of which was associated with the treatment, but rather, with disease progression or medical assistance in dying. Only two AEs (mild) were deemed possibly related to the study device. At the 35-day visit, two patients had progressive disease and three had stable disease, with one of the latter showing partial response 2 months post procedure. Conclusions Preliminary results from this first-in-human trial indicate that EUS-guided Alpha DaRT treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer is feasible and safe, with no device-associated serious AEs. Further investigation of this promising novel modality is underway.

Oral cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and has become a global health concern. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent form of oral cancer worldwide. Eugenol, an aromatic phenolic compound, exhibits various pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects. Several studies have reported the anticancer activity of eugenol against OSCC via different pathways. However, no current review has discussed the extent of eugenol anticancer research on oral cancer cell lines using in vitro studies. This systematic review aimed to discuss the anticancer potential of eugenol against oral cancer cell lines in vitro. Articles were selected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and EBSCOhost databases based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Additional articles were identified through manual hand searching. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines. A risk-of-bias assessment was performed to evaluate the reliability and relevance of the in vitro studies. Thirteen articles with high-quality results were assessed and analysed for further investigation. These studies investigated the ability of eugenol to induce cell death through apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways, inhibit cell proliferation and affect oxidative stress, contributing to cell death in several oral cancer cell lines. Therefore, eugenol is a potential anticancer agent for OSCC, as it exhibited anticancer activity in oral cancer cell lines in vitro studies.

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma poses a significant challenge due to its resistance to chemotherapy and propensity for metastasis, thereby reducing the effectiveness of conventional treatments. Hence, the identification of novel compounds capable of augmenting the anti-cancer efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy is imperative. Oxyresveratrol (OXY), a derivative of resveratrol, has been demonstrated to possess antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects across various cancer cell lines. Notably, OXY appears to exert its effects by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. However, the synergistic potential of OXY in combination with cisplatin against epithelial ovarian cancer has not yet been elucidated. The current study investigated the synergistic effects of OXY and cisplatin on the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and TOV21G. We found that OXY significantly enhanced cisplatin's ability to reduce cell viability, induce apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest, and increase the proportion of cells in the sub-G1 phase. Furthermore, OXY treatment alone dose-dependently inhibited the production of anti-apoptotic proteins including Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and XIAP under EGF activation. Mechanistically, OXY suppressed the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by reducing phosphorylated AKT, while having no discernible effect on the MAPK pathway. These findings highlight OXY's potential to enhance ovarian cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy, suggesting its development as a pharmaceutical adjunct for clinical use in combination therapies.

Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), an immunoglobulin superfamily member, is expressed in endometrial glandular cells highly during the proliferative phase but lowly during the secretory phase. Previously, a CADM1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was generated, in which a humanized anti-CADM1 ectodomain antibody h3E1 was linked with monomethyl auristatin E (h3E1-MMAE ADC). The present study aimed at probing whether this ADC could be useful for the treatment of endometrial neoplasm. Firstly, immunohistochemistry for CADM1 was conducted on proliferative-phase endometrium (n = 13), endometrial hyperplasia (n = 35), and endometrioid carcinoma at various stages (n = 166). CADM1 immunostaining intensity was highest in atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma confined within the endometrium and was decreased stepwise as the carcinoma stage progressed. Next, h3E1-MMAE ADC was examined for its cytotoxicity in vitro using human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines expressing CADM1; HEC-1B, HEC-50B, JHUM-3, and OMC-2. The ADC killed these cells in a dose-dependent manner with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.02 nM for HEC-1B and 2.04 nM for HEC-50B. Collectively, h3E1-MMAE ADC may serve as a noninvasive alternative to simple hysterectomy in the treatment of endometrioid carcinoma confined within the endometrium.

Evaluate the cost of advanced ovarian cancer, using the microcosting technique, based on real-world evidence from the perspective of a reference Brazilian public hospital.

Retrospective cohort study of patients newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer in 2017 and followed-up for up to 5 years. A bottom-up microcosting method was applied, using the activity-based cost approach, which evaluates service costs based on activity consumption throughout patients' journey.

The results indicate a median overall survival of 35.3 months and a median age of 57 years (33-80 years old). The average cost per patient was USD 34 991.595 over a period of 35.3 months, with admissions because of the disease progression and end-of-life care being the most relevant.

The results show that the costs of activities currently involved in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer represent an important economic impact for the public health system. These data can support future analyses on the impact of incorporating new technologies for the treatment of ovarian cancer and on the financing and sustainability of the Brazilian public healthcare system.

Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a relatively rare disease that is difficult to detect in the early stages; therefore, it often has a poor prognosis. We present a rare case of SBA and multiple liver metastases in a patient who underwent curative resection combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). A 70-year-old woman presented to the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain and bloating. She was diagnosed with bowel obstruction due to a primary jejunal tumor and was admitted to the hospital. After further imaging and histopathological examination, the patient was diagnosed with primary jejunal adenocarcinoma with multiple liver metastases, all of which were considered resectable. Since she had developed bowel obstruction due to the primary tumor, jejunal resection with draining lymph node removal was initially performed. The remaining multiple liver metastases were treated with four courses of capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPEOX) with bevacizumab as NAC, followed by hepatectomy. After NAC, the patient underwent radical liver resection. Based on a pathological examination, the five liver tumors were all diagnosed as liver metastases from jejunal adenocarcinoma. Six months after the liver resection, a single recurrence was observed in segment V of the liver. Therefore, four courses of CAPEOX with bevacizumab were administered again as NAC, and liver resection was performed again. At the time of writing this report, she has survived for more than four years after the first surgery, with no apparent recurrence. This is a rare case of a patient who underwent radical resection of SBA with multiple liver metastases following CAPEOX and bevacizumab as NAC.

Pancreatic cancer is usually detected through contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. However, pancreatic cancer is occasionally overlooked because of its small size or is misdiagnosed as other conditions due to atypical imaging features that present diagnostic challenges. Considering the rapid growth and poor prognosis associated with pancreatic cancer, the ability to accurately detect and differentiate pancreatic lesions is crucial for appropriate surgical intervention. Reviewing diverse challenging cases of pancreatic cancer at an early stage and other mimicking lesions may help us accurately interpret the imaging features of pancreatic cancer on CT and MRI scans. Therefore, we aimed to illustrate various imaging features of pancreatic cancer and its mimicking lesions and provide valuable insights for differential diagnosis.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are heterogeneous in terms of origin and aetiology. In addition, there is uncertainty about the genetic evolution from initial diagnosis to recurrence after primary treatments and further disease progression following systemic treatment. Changes in the genetic profile have implications on the selection of appropriate treatments for patients, especially in the era of targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

We analysed a cohort of nine HNSCC patients with metachronous recurrence. All patients had paired primary and recurrent samples suitable for whole-exome sequencing, while transcriptomic data from seven patients could be analysed (multiple recurrent samples collected at different time points were available for three patients).

At the genomic level, the recurrences shared a fraction of the somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with the index primary tumours, but they also acquired many additional mutations, while losing only a few others. A similar behaviour was also observed when examining the changes of mutational signatures between primary and recurrent samples. Overall, recurrences appeared thus more genetically diverse than the respective primary tumours. The transcriptomic analysis showed that recurrent samples had lower immune cell presence, which was also confirmed by the multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) histology assays performed on the PhenoCycler platform. Several genes related to immune response were significantly downregulated compared to the primary samples.

Our results underline the importance of analysing multiple samples per patient to obtain a more complete picture of the patient's tumour and advocate a re-biopsy in the event of recurrence and treatment failure, in order to select the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.

Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) mediates cell-matrix interactions to facilitate cell adhesion and migration. CMG2 has been implicated in the disease progression of breast cancer, prostate cancer and gastric cancer. The present study aims to determine the role of CMG2 in the disease progression and peritoneal metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic tumour samples were collected from Peking University Cancer Hospital. CMG2 expression was determined using quantitative PCR. After the creation of knockdown and overexpression of CMG2 in pancreatic cancer cells, the effect of CMG2 on several cell functions and adhesion to the peritoneum was examined. Potential pathways regulated by CMG2 were found via proteomics analysis and drug tests. CMG2 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and associated with a poor prognosis. CMG2 was increased in metastatic lesions and those primary tumours with distant metastases. CMG2 promotes cell-cell, cell-matrix and cell-hyaluronic acid adhesion, which may be mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway activation.

Ovarian cancer has the worst case-to-fatality ratio of all gynecologic malignancies. The main reasons for the high mortality rate are relapse and the development of chemoresistance. In this paper, the cytotoxic activity of two new multiaction platinum(IV) derivatives of cisplatin and oxaliplatin in a panel of ovarian cancer cells is reported. Cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(IPA)(DCA)] (1) and trans-[Pt(DACH)(OX)(IPA)(DCA)] (2) (IPA = indole-3-propionic acid, DCA = dichloroacetate, DACH = 1R,2R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, OX = oxalate) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, FT-IR, and 1H, 13C, and195Pt NMR spectroscopy. The biological activity was evaluated in A2780, PEA1, PEA2, SKOV3, SW626, and OVCAR3 cells. Both complexes are potent cytotoxins. Remarkably, complex 2 is 14 times more active in OVCAR3 cells than cisplatin and is able to overcome cisplatin resistance in PEA2 and A2780cis cells, which are models of post-treatment patient-developed and laboratory-induced resistance. This complex also shows activity in 3D cancer models of the A2780 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that the complexes induce apoptosis via DNA damage and ROS generation.

Lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality rate among all types of cancer. Histological subtypes serve as crucial markers for the development of lung cancer and possess significant clinical values for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment responses. However, existing studies only dichotomize normal and cancerous tissues, failing to capture the unique characteristics of tissue sections and cancer types.

Therefore, we have pioneered the classification of lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) cancer tissues into five subtypes (acinar, lepidic, micropapillary, papillary, and solid) based on section data in whole-slide image sections. In addition, a novel model called HybridNet was designed to improve the classification performance.

HybridNet primarily consists of two interactive streams: a Transformer and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The Transformer stream captures rich global representations using a self-attention mechanism, while the CNN stream extracts local semantic features to optimize image details. Specifically, during the dual-stream parallelism, the feature maps of the Transformer stream as weights are weighted and summed with those of the CNN stream backbone; at the end of the parallelism, the respective final features are concatenated to obtain more discriminative semantic information.

Experimental results on a private dataset of LAD showed that HybridNet achieved 95.12% classification accuracy, and the accuracy of five histological subtypes (acinar, lepidic, micropapillary, papillary, and solid) reached 94.5%, 97.1%, 94%, 91%, and 99% respectively; the experimental results on the public BreakHis dataset show that HybridNet achieves the best results in three evaluation metrics: accuracy, recall and F1-score, with 92.40%, 90.63%, and 91.43%, respectively.

The process of classifying LAD into five subtypes assists pathologists in selecting appropriate treatments and enables them to predict tumor mutation burden (TMB) and analyze the spatial distribution of immune checkpoint proteins based on this and other clinical data. In addition, the proposed HybridNet fuses CNN and Transformer information several times and is able to improve the accuracy of subtype classification, and also shows satisfactory performance on public datasets with some generalization ability.

Nearly 30% of Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)s exhibit a marked overexpression of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) offering a unique opportunity for therapy. However, biochemical inhibitors of MCT1 have proven unsuccessful in clinical trials. In this study we present an alternative approach using 3-Bromopyruvate (3BP) to target MCT1 overexpressing PDACs. 3BP is a cytotoxic agent that is known to be transported into cells via MCT1, but its clinical usefulness has been hampered by difficulties in delivering the drug systemically. We describe here a novel microencapsulated formulation of 3BP (ME3BP-7), that is effective against a variety of PDAC cells in vitro and remains stable in serum. Furthermore, systemically administered ME3BP-7 significantly reduces pancreatic cancer growth and metastatic spread in multiple orthotopic models of pancreatic cancer with manageable toxicity. ME3BP-7 is, therefore, a prototype of a promising new drug, in which the targeting moiety and the cytotoxic moiety are both contained within the same single small molecule.

ME3BP-7 is a novel formulation of 3BP that resists serum degradation and rapidly kills pancreatic cancer cells expressing high levels of MCT1 with tolerable toxicity in mice.

This study aims to explore novel microRNAs in urine for screening and predicting clinical characteristics in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients using a microRNA array-based approach.

We used the Toray® 3D-Gene microRNA array-based approach to compare urinary levels between PC patients and healthy volunteers.

(1) Four oncogenic microRNAs (miR-744-5p, miR-572, miR-210-3p, and miR-575) that were highly upregulated in the urine of PC patients compared to healthy individuals were identified by comprehensive microRNA array analysis. (2) Test-scale analysis by quantitative RT-PCR for each group of 20 cases showed that miR-210-3p was significantly upregulated in the urine of PC patients compared to healthy individuals (P = 0.009). (3) Validation analysis (58 PC patients and 35 healthy individuals) confirmed that miR-210-3p was significantly upregulated in the urine of PC patients compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.001, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.79, sensitivity: 0.828, specificity: 0.743). We differentiated PC patients into invasive ductal carcinoma (IDCa) and intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) groups. In addition to urinary miR-210-3p levels being upregulated in IDCa over healthy individuals (P = 0.009), urinary miR-210-3p levels were also elevated in IPMC over healthy individuals (P = 0.0018). Urinary miR-210-3p can differentiate IPMC from healthy individuals by a cutoff of 8.02 with an AUC value of 0.762, sensitivity of 94%, and specificity of 63%. (4) To test whether urinary miR210-3p levels reflected plasma miR-210-3p levels, we examined the correlation between urinary and plasma levels. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.64, P = 0.005) between miR-210-3p expression in plasma and urine.

Urinary miR-210-3p is a promising, non-invasive diagnostic biomarker of PC, including IPMC.

Not applicable.

The atypical urothelial cell (AUC) category in The Paris System (TPS) in urine cytology (UrCy) is a challenging area. This study aimed to evaluate the UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (U-FISH) assay in predicting the outcome of AUC. Additionally, we explored the association of abnormal U-FISH results in high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) concerning muscularis propria invasion (MPI).

This is a retrospective study, and U-FISH was done on archived Papanicolaou-stained smears. Four cohorts were included: non-neoplastic AUC (AUC-NN), neoplastic AUC (AUC-N), muscle-invasive HGUC (HGUC-MI), and muscle-free HGUC (HGUC-MF) outcome on histopathology (HPE) and with clinical follow-up of 12-29 months. U-FISH was evaluated for diagnostic purposes, and MPI and tumor stage prediction by urine FISH score (UFS; high vs. low) based on copy number gain of chromosomes (Chr).

U-FISH was performed on 70 cases (20 AUC-NN, 20 AUC-N, 15 HGUC-MI, and 15 HGUC-MF) and was successful in 58/70 (82.85%) cases. All UC cases showed polysomy of ≥2Chr, and all the AUC-NN cases reported non-neoplastic on HPE were negative for U-FISH. U-FISH picked up all carcinoma cases in the AUC-N cohort. Chr 3 polysomy was statistically significant in differentiating HGUC-MI from HGUC-MF and low-grade urothelial carcinoma cases. Chr 3 signals with a cut-off of 6 signals could identify MPI with a sensitivity of 80.95% and specificity of 41.94%. The UFS of the HGUC-MI group was significantly higher than HGUC-MF.

U-FISH successfully identified all cases of AUC with neoplastic outcomes. In the HGUC group, there was a difference in cases with and without MPI, which requires further confirmation in a larger prospective cohort.

SII, PNI, SIRI, AAPR, and LIPI are prognostic scores based on inflammation, nutrition, and immunity. The purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic value of the SII, PNI, SIRI, AAPR, and LIPI in patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision.

Data of UTUC patients in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were collected. The optimal critical values of SII, PNI, SIRI, and AAPR were determined by ROC curve, and LIPI was stratified according to the dNLR and LDH. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of UTUC patients.

A total of 81 patients with UTUC were included in this study. The optimal truncation value of PNI, SII, SIRI and AAPR were determined to be 48.15, 596.4, 1.45 and 0.50, respectively. Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression showed that low PNI, high SII, high SIRI, low AAPR and poor LIPI group were effective predictors of postoperative prognosis of UTUC patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression showed that high SII was an independent risk factor for postoperative prognosis of UTUC patients. According to ROC curve, the prediction efficiency of fitting indexes of PNI, SII, SIRI, AAPR and LIPI is better than that of using them alone.

The SII, PNI, SIRI, AAPR, and LIPI was a potential prognostic predictor in UTUC patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a tumour characterized by high tumour heterogeneity. Although there are numerous prognostic and immunotherapeutic options available for LUAD, there is a dearth of precise, individualized treatment plans. We integrated mRNA, lncRNA, microRNA, methylation and mutation data from the TCGA database for LUAD. Utilizing ten clustering algorithms, we identified stable multi-omics consensus clusters (MOCs). These data were then amalgamated with ten machine learning approaches to develop a robust model capable of reliably identifying patient prognosis and predicting immunotherapy outcomes. Through ten clustering algorithms, two prognostically relevant MOCs were identified, with MOC2 showing more favourable outcomes. We subsequently constructed a MOCs-associated machine learning model (MOCM) based on eight MOCs-specific hub genes. Patients characterized by a lower MOCM score exhibited better overall survival and responses to immunotherapy. These findings were consistent across multiple datasets, and compared to many previously published LUAD biomarkers, our MOCM score demonstrated superior predictive performance. Notably, the low MOCM group was more inclined towards 'hot' tumours, characterized by higher levels of immune cell infiltration. Intriguingly, a significant positive correlation between GJB3 and the MOCM score (R = 0.77, p < 0.01) was discovered. Further experiments confirmed that GJB3 significantly enhances LUAD proliferation, invasion and migration, indicating its potential as a key target for LUAD treatment. Our developed MOCM score accurately predicts the prognosis of LUAD patients and identifies potential beneficiaries of immunotherapy, offering broad clinical applicability.