• ACSL4
• AUF1
• Colorectal cancer
• Ferroptosis
• P4HA3

• Ferroptosis/drug effects
• Ferroptosis/physiology
• Humans
• Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
• Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Coenzyme A Ligases/metabolism
• Coenzyme A Ligases/genetics
• Coenzyme A Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors
• Mice
• Animals
• Mice, Nude
• RNA, Messenger/metabolism
• RNA, Messenger/genetics
• Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/genetics
• Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/metabolism
• Mice, Inbred BALB C
• Male
• Female
• Cell Line, Tumor

• gender disparity
• global burden
• mental disorder

• Humans
• Schizophrenia/epidemiology
• Schizophrenia/therapy
• Global Burden of Disease
• Female
• Male
• Adult
• Middle Aged
• Quality of Health Care/standards
• Quality of Health Care/statistics & numerical data
• Young Adult
• Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data
• Aged
• Sex Factors
• Adolescent
• Global Health/statistics & numerical data

• EXC 2167-390884018 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany`s Excellence Strategy

• National Natural Science Foundation of China
• Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province

• Colorectal cancer
• Disability adjusted life years
• Global burden of disease
• Lifestyle and metabolic risk factors
• North Africa and Middle East

• Humans
• Middle East/epidemiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Global Burden of Disease
• Africa, Northern/epidemiology
• Male
• Female
• Incidence
• Middle Aged
• Disability-Adjusted Life Years
• Aged
• Prevalence
• Adult
• Cost of Illness

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Global Burden of Disease
• Multiple Myeloma/epidemiology
• Multiple Myeloma/therapy
• Cost of Illness
• Prevalence
• Incidence
• Quality of Health Care
• Global Health

• chronic kidney disease
• disability-adjusted life years
• epidemiology
• global burden of disease
• quality of health care

• Male
• Child
• Female
• Humans
• Young Adult
• Adult
• Child, Preschool
• Quality-Adjusted Life Years
• Global Burden of Disease
• Incidence
• Prevalence
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
• Global Health

• Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
• Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center
• Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
• 2167-390884018 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

• Belt and Road Initiative countries
• Burden of disease
• Colorectal cancer
• Dietary risk factors
• Disability-adjusted life years
• Processed meat
• Trend analysis

• colon cancer
• colorectal cancer
• epidemiology
• health disparity
• trends

• Quality of care index
• bipolar disorders
• global burden of disease
• mental health
• quality of health care

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Young Adult
• Adult
• Global Burden of Disease
• Bipolar Disorder/epidemiology
• Bipolar Disorder/therapy
• Prevalence
• Incidence
• Quality of Health Care
• Global Health

• Global burden of disease
• Prostate neoplasm
• QCI
• Quality of care
• Quality of care index

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects four million people worldwide annually and has an estimated lifetime prevalence of 5−10% in the general population. Worldwide, there are significant heterogeneities in coping approaches of healthcare systems with PUD in prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Quantifying and benchmarking health systems’ performance is crucial yet challenging to provide a clearer picture of the potential global inequities in the quality of care.

The objective of this study was to compare the health-system quality-of-care and inequities for PUD among age groups and sexes worldwide.

Data were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2019. Principal-Component-Analysis was used to combine age-standardized mortality-to-incidence-ratio, disability-adjusted-life-years-to-prevalence-ratio, prevalence-to-incidence-ratio, and years-of-life-lost-to-years-lived-with-disability-into a single proxy named Quality-of-Care-Index (QCI). QCI was used to compare the quality of care among countries. QCI’s validity was investigated via correlation with the cause-specific Healthcare-Access-and-Quality-index, which was acceptable. Inequities were presented among age groups and sexes. Gender Disparity Ratio was obtained by dividing the score of women by that of men.

Global QCI was 72.6 in 1990, which increased by 14.6% to 83.2 in 2019. High-income-Asia-pacific had the highest QCI, while Central Latin America had the lowest. QCI of high-SDI countries was 82.9 in 1990, which increased to 92.9 in 2019. The QCI of low-SDI countries was 65.0 in 1990, which increased to 76.9 in 2019. There was heterogeneity among the QCI-level of countries with the same SDI level. QCI typically decreased as people aged; however, this gap was more significant among low-SDI countries. The global Gender Disparity Ratio was close to one and ranged from 0.97 to 1.03 in 100 of 204 countries.

QCI of PUD improved dramatically during 1990–2019 worldwide. There are still significant heterogeneities among countries on different and similar SDI levels.

• Aged
• Disabled Persons
• Female
• Global Burden of Disease
• Global Health
• Humans
• Incidence
• Male
• Peptic Ulcer/epidemiology
• Peptic Ulcer/therapy
• Quality of Health Care
• Quality-Adjusted Life Years

In this cross-sectional study, the global incidence, death, and DALY rates of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) increased from 1990 to 2019, with large variations in the regional and national levels. A low-milk or low-calcium diet and alcohol use were the leading possible risk factors in 2019. The importance of high body mass index and high fasting plasma glucose increased among both males and females from 1990 to 2019, while the importance of smoking and a low-fiber diet decreased among both sexes, but especially among females. These findings provide policymakers with an accurate quantification of the burden of early-onset CRC, and may help to identify and target high-risk individuals to mitigate the burden of early-onset CRC.

Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed before age 50 has been increasing over the past decades. Hence, we examined the global, regional, and national burden of early-onset CRC and its risk factors from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, we reported the incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to the risk factors of early-onset CRC. All estimates were reported with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results: The global numbers of early-onset CRC for incidence, deaths, and DALYs in 2019 were 225,736 (95% UI, 207,658 to 246,756), 86,545 (80,162 to 93,431), and 4,259,922 (3,942,849 to 4,590,979), respectively. Despite large variations at the regional and national levels, the global incidence rate, death rate, and DALY rate increased from 1990 to 2019. Diets low in milk, diets low in calcium, and alcohol use were the leading risk factors in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, a high body mass index and high fasting plasma glucose ranked remarkably higher among males and females, while smoking and diets low in fiber ranked lower among both sexes, with a more profound change among females. Conclusions: Despite large variations in regional and national levels, the global incidence rate, death rate, and DALY rate increased during the past three decades. These findings may provide policymakers with an accurate quantification of the burden of early-onset CRC and targeted identification of those most at risk to mitigate the burden of early-onset CRC.

• breast cancer
• global burden of disease
• health care quality
• quality of care index
• risk factors