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Li J, Yuan C, Pan Y, Yang Y, Lai N, Sheng X. Long-term survival after chemotherapy combined immunotherapy for recurrent mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the common bile duct. Clin J Gastroenterol 2025:10.1007/s12328-025-02128-9. [PMID: 40244371 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-025-02128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) of the common bile duct (CBD) are extremely rare, with few literature reported. A 68-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with choledocholithiasis with acute cholangitis. Abdominal computed tomography showed that the CBD was occupied and clearly dilated. Consequently, the patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymph node dissection. The resected tumor at the distal bile duct was 25 × 25 × 13 mm, consisting of 30% adenocarcinoma and 70% neuroendocrine carcinoma microscopically. The patient then received six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Subsequently, regular monitoring of the patient's tumor marker CA19-9 showed progressive elevation. The patient was readmitted to hospital for tumor recurrence and metastasis and received palliative second-line Gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy and three courses of combined immunochemotherapy (Tyvyt [Sintilimab] + Gemcitabine + Cisplatin). Throughout the treatment course, the tumor marker CA19-9 persistently remained elevated. The patient achieved an overall survival (OS) of 29 months. We found that the continuous elevation of the tumor marker CA19-9 during follow-up might suggest tumor recurrence and an unfavorable prognosis. For patients with multiple metastases of cholangiocarcinoma, combined immunotherapy could potentially assist in prolonging survival. Currently, there is no standardized treatment for biliary MiNENs, and larger scale studies are needed to establish diagnosis and treatment protocols to improve the overall survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170, Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170, Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Pan
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170, Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170, Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170, Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170, Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China.
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Oishi R, Kobayashi S, Nagashima S, Fukushima T, Tezuka S, Morimoto M, Ueno M, Maeda S. Comparison of monotherapy and combination therapy for older patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2025; 25:653. [PMID: 40205355 PMCID: PMC11984249 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-025-14014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current standard first-line treatment for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a combination chemotherapy regimen. However, whether the efficacy of combination therapy is superior to that of monotherapy in older patients with BTC remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of monotherapy with those of combination therapy in such patients. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 157 patients with unresectable or recurrent BTC aged ≥ 75 years who received systemic chemotherapy between August 2011 and November 2020. We compared the efficacy and safety of combination therapy (gemcitabine [GEM] + cisplatin and GEM + S-1) with those of monotherapy (GEM or S-1 alone). We assessed patients' characteristics, survival, adverse events, and dose intensity. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Patients who received monotherapy were older and had worse performance status (PS), lower albumin levels, and higher carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels than those who received combination therapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 16.4 and 12.8 months in the combination therapy and monotherapy groups, respectively (Hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-1.01), with a trend towards longer OS observed with combination therapy. However, multivariable analysis did not show superior OS with combination therapy (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.66-1.68). Multivariable analysis also revealed gallbladder cancer, CEA, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as prognostic factors for OS. Regarding safety, the incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse events was significantly higher in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy group (79% vs. 53%, p = 0.001); however, the rate of treatment discontinuation was approximately 10% in both groups, with no treatment-related deaths, suggesting that toxicities are manageable even in older patients. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy is not necessarily recommended for older patients with BTC. Selecting an appropriate chemotherapy regimen based on an individual's condition is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Oishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama City, 241-0815, Kanagawa, Japan
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama City, 241-0815, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Nagashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama City, 241-0815, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taito Fukushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama City, 241-0815, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shun Tezuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama City, 241-0815, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Morimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama City, 241-0815, Kanagawa, Japan
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama City, 241-0815, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shin Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazaw-ku, Yokohama City, 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
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Albertini E, Miranda L, Maloberti T, de Biase D, Vasuri F. Morphologic and molecular diagnostic criteria of malignancies in biliary strictures. Histol Histopathol 2025; 40:443-452. [PMID: 39381890 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant biliary strictures is not always feasible and still represents a major diagnostic challenge, mainly due to the scarcity of the tissue retrieved for proper cytological or histopathological diagnosis. The present review focuses on morphological criteria in the diagnosis of biliary strictures, in the course of primary sclerosing cholangitis and other pathologies, starting from the limits of the cytological and histological evaluation, as well as the ancillary methodologies currently available in Pathology laboratories The current guidelines suggest fluorescence in situ hybridization for the analysis of chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 polysomies and deletion of the 9p21 locus; however, other more promising techniques are on the horizon for both patient care and research purposes, such as Next-Generation Sequencing, able to analyze multiple genes simultaneously in a cost-effective fashion. Lastly, the most recent approaches proposed in the literature for the differential diagnosis of biliary stricture are described, such as circulating tumor DNA, miRNAs, and DNA methylation, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Albertini
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- School of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Miranda
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thais Maloberti
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Qian H, Huang Y, Dong Y, Xu L, Chen R, Zhou F, Zhou D, Yu J, Lu B. A combined radiomics and clinical model for preoperative differentiation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and intrahepatic bile duct stones with cholangitis: a machine learning approach. Front Oncol 2025; 15:1546940. [PMID: 40165897 PMCID: PMC11955465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1546940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model integrating radiomics features and clinical variables to differentiate intrahepatic bile duct stones with cholangitis (IBDS-IL) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) preoperatively, as accurate distinction is crucial for determining appropriate treatment strategies. Methods A total of 169 patients (97 IBDS-IL and 72 ICC) who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from ultrasound images, and clinical variables with significant differences between groups were identified. Feature selection was performed using LASSO regression and recursive feature elimination (RFE). The radiomics model, clinical model, and combined model were constructed and evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and SHAP analysis. Results The radiomics model achieved an AUC of 0.962, and the clinical model achieved an AUC of 0.861. The combined model, integrating the Radiomics Score with clinical variables, demonstrated the highest predictive performance with an AUC of 0.988, significantly outperforming the clinical model (p < 0.05). Calibration curves showed excellent agreement between predicted and observed outcomes, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test confirmed a good model fit (p = 0.998). DCA revealed that the combined model provided the greatest clinical benefit across a wide range of threshold probabilities. SHAP analysis identified the Radiomics Score as the most significant contributor, complemented by abdominal pain and liver atrophy. Conclusion The combined model integrating radiomics features and clinical data offers a powerful and reliable tool for preoperative differentiation of IBDS-IL and ICC. Its superior performance and clinical interpretability highlight its potential for improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding clinical decision-making. Further validation in larger, multicenter datasets is warranted to confirm its generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery and Precise Treatment of Tumor, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yuxing Dong
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luohang Xu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruanchang Chen
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangzheng Zhou
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Difan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery and Precise Treatment of Tumor, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery and Precise Treatment of Tumor, Shaoxing, China
| | - Baochun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery and Precise Treatment of Tumor, Shaoxing, China
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Alshwayyat S, Hanifa H, Alshwaiyat Y, Alshwayyat M, Alhussein H, Abu-Naja M, Alshwayyat TA, Alsaleh B, Shafa'a M, Alkurdi MF. Challenges in diagnosing and treating distal common bile duct adenocarcinoma: A case report with literature insights. Int J Emerg Med 2025; 18:43. [PMID: 40033199 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-025-00859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma of the distal common bile duct (CBD) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage owing to nonspecific symptoms and delayed presentation. This case report details the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with distal CBD adenocarcinoma and highlights the need for an effective multidisciplinary approach. CASE PRESENTATION A 54-year-old male with a significant smoking history presented with persistent right upper abdominal pain, dark urine, and scleral jaundice. Imaging studies revealed intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, a mass obstructing the common bile duct, and thickened gallbladder walls. Despite initial antibiotic therapy for suspected cholangitis, the patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and subsequently a surgical procedure. The surgical resection of a common bile duct adenocarcinoma with lymphovascular invasion was successful, with subsequent restoration of bile flow through Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Histopathological analysis confirmed tumor characteristics and clear surgical margins. Postoperatively, the patient demonstrated significant clinical improvement with normalized bilirubin levels and received appropriate management for his oncologic condition. CONCLUSION This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of distal CBD adenocarcinoma, particularly in patients with delayed symptoms. Multimodal imaging approaches and timely surgical intervention are crucial for effective management of this malignancy. Enhanced awareness of atypical presentations and advancements in targeted therapies holds promise for improving outcomes in such challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhr Alshwayyat
- Research Associate, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
- Internship, Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamdah Hanifa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kalamoon, Al-Nabk, Syria.
| | - Yamen Alshwaiyat
- Doctor of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mustafa Alshwayyat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Malak Abu-Naja
- Medical Biology, Al- Balqa' Applied University (BAU), Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | - Basil Alsaleh
- Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mohammad Shafa'a
- Department of General Surgery, National University Hospital, Damascus, Syria
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Zerunian M, Polidori T, Palmeri F, Nardacci S, Del Gaudio A, Masci B, Tremamunno G, Polici M, De Santis D, Pucciarelli F, Laghi A, Caruso D. Artificial Intelligence and Radiomics in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2025; 15:148. [PMID: 39857033 PMCID: PMC11763775 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant biliary system tumor and the second most common primary hepatic neoplasm, following hepatocellular carcinoma. CCA still has an extremely high unfavorable prognosis, regardless of type and location, and complete surgical resection remains the only curative therapeutic option; however, due to the underhanded onset and rapid progression of CCA, most patients present with advanced stages at first diagnosis, with only 30 to 60% of CCA patients eligible for surgery. Recent innovations in medical imaging combined with the use of radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI) can lead to improvements in the early detection, characterization, and pre-treatment staging of these tumors, guiding clinicians to make personalized therapeutic strategies. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of how radiological features of CCA can be analyzed through radiomics and with the help of AI for many different purposes, such as differential diagnosis, the prediction of lymph node metastasis, the defining of prognostic groups, and the prediction of early recurrence. The combination of radiomics with AI has immense potential. Still, its effectiveness in practice is yet to be validated by prospective multicentric studies that would allow for the development of standardized radiomics models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zerunian
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Tiziano Polidori
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Federica Palmeri
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Stefano Nardacci
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Antonella Del Gaudio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Benedetta Masci
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Tremamunno
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Michela Polici
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
- PhD School in Translational Medicine and Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico De Santis
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Francesco Pucciarelli
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Damiano Caruso
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza–University of Rome, Radiology Unit–Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (T.P.); (F.P.); (S.N.); (A.D.G.); (B.M.); (G.T.); (M.P.); (D.D.S.); (F.P.); (A.L.); (D.C.)
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Yong YSS, Lee ZR, Soh YTN, Low SCA. Preoperative Imaging Assessment and Staging of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Tips and Pitfalls. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2025; 86:45-67. [PMID: 39958497 PMCID: PMC11822288 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2024.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2025]
Abstract
This article outlines the systematic radiological approach preoperative evaluation of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) using CT and MRI to provide key information regarding the suitability for curative surgical resection. It discusses older classification systems (Bismuth-Corlette, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center T staging) and follows the Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology 2019 consensus recommendations for step-by-step assessment. The correlation between radiological, surgical, and pathological findings is illustrated through a pictorial review of pathologically proven cases. Benign and malignant mimics of pCCA are included to provide a comprehensive overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shan Stephanie Yong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Radiological Sciences, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Zhuyi Rebekah Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Radiological Sciences, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yock Teck Nicholas Soh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Radiological Sciences, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Su Chong Albert Low
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Radiological Sciences, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Murakami T, Shimizu H, Nojima H, Shuto K, Usui A, Kosugi C, Koda K. Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3143. [PMID: 39335116 PMCID: PMC11430223 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The diagnostic efficacy of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) for lymph node metastasis in biliary tract cancer was investigated in the present study. Methods: In total, 112 surgically resected lymph nodes from 35 biliary tract cancer patients were examined in this study. The mean and minimum ADC values of the lymph nodes as well as the long-axis and short-axis diameters of the lymph nodes were assessed by computed tomography (CT). The relationship between these parameters and the presence of histological lymph node metastasis was evaluated. Results: Histological lymph node metastasis was detected in 31 (27.7%) out of 112 lymph nodes. Metastatic lymph nodes had a significantly larger short-axis diameter compared with non-metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.002), but the long-axis diameter was not significantly different between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes. The mean and minimum ADC values for metastatic lymph nodes were significantly reduced compared with those for non-metastatic lymph nodes (p < 0.001 for both). However, the minimum ADC value showed the highest accuracy for the diagnosis of histological lymph node metastasis, with an area under the curve of 0.877, sensitivity of 87.1%, specificity of 82.7%, and accuracy of 83.9%. Conclusions: The minimum ADC value in DW-MRI is highly effective for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in biliary tract cancer. Accurate preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in biliary tract cancer should enable the establishment of more appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara 299-0112, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara 299-0112, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nojima
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara 299-0112, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Shuto
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara 299-0112, Japan
| | - Akihiro Usui
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara 299-0112, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kosugi
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara 299-0112, Japan
| | - Keiji Koda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara 299-0112, Japan
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9
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Özdemir M, Koç U, Gökhan MB, Beşler MS. Unveiling the potential of strain elastography in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma biopsies. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:3143-3148. [PMID: 38557769 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of strain elastography in guiding precise and sufficient tissue sampling for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) biopsies. METHODS Our retrospective analysis included 23 liver biopsies conducted between March 2019 and July 2022 for suspected perihilar CCA. An experienced radiologist performed the biopsies via an ultrasound machine with elastography configuration. Tissue stiffness color maps were used for guiding when the biopsies were performed. Strain index value calculations were made by radiologists on recorded images. RESULTS Patient demographics revealed a mean age of 65.17 ± 9.25 years, with a gender distribution of six females and 17 males. Gray-scale examinations unveiled diverse echogenic characteristics in liver lesions. Elastography-guided biopsies demonstrated no need for repeats, while gray-scale biopsies necessitated re-biopsy in four patients, resulting in cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis (P = 0.037). Strain index values showcased strong inter- and intra-observer agreements (P < 0.001). Notably, no post-biopsy complications emerged in either study group. CONCLUSION The diagnostic advantage of elastography, particularly in enhancing accuracy in challenging isoechoic lesions, was demonstrated, although the substantial overlap between strain index values of benign and malignant liver masses limits clinical usefulness of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özdemir
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ural Koç
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Muhammed Said Beşler
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Radiology, Kahramanmaraş Necip Fazıl City Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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Zhu D, Abuduhelili A, Tulahong A, Liu C, Jiang T, Shao Y, Aji T. A special case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma misdiagnosed as hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35073. [PMID: 39161843 PMCID: PMC11332812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a prevalent liver tumor that presents a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific symptoms, necessitating reliance on imaging techniques for accurate diagnosis. The similarity of imaging features with other liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, often leads to confusion and misdiagnosis. In contrast, the distinct characteristics of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE) result in fewer reported misdiagnoses. A case involving a 53-year-old female from Changji (Xinjiang, China) diagnosed with iCCA, who was hospitalized for symptoms of upper abdominal distension and pain, along with nausea and vomiting, is presented. The patient underwent a partial hepatectomy in 1990 for hepatic echinococcosis. Abdominal computed tomography revealed multiple, quasicircular, low-density masses in the hilar region and right anterior lobe of the liver, with the largest measuring 5.61 cm × 4.84 cm. Enhanced computed tomography did not reveal significant enhancement of the lesion. Considering epidemiological factors, medical history, and imaging findings, the initial diagnosis was HCE, which prompted surgical intervention. The diagnosis of iCCA with necrosis was confirmed via pathological examination. The literature and relevant sources were consulted to establish that biliary tract tumors with necrosis or mucin production typically do not exhibit significant enhancement in enhanced scans, maintaining a consistently low density across all phases, resembling the presentation of HCE. When making diagnoses based on imaging data, it is essential to have knowledge of both the typical features and unique manifestations of the disease. In specific instances, relying solely on epidemiology and medical history may lead to incorrect conclusions. Therefore, comprehensive consideration of all aspects is necessary to prevent missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Clinical Research Center for Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Abuduhaiwaier Abuduhelili
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Clinical Research Center for Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Alimu Tulahong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Clinical Research Center for Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Clinical Research Center for Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Clinical Research Center for Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Clinical Research Center for Echinococcosis and Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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11
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Gupta P, Basu S, Arora C. Applications of artificial intelligence in biliary tract cancers. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:717-728. [PMID: 38427281 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-024-01518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers are malignant neoplasms arising from bile duct epithelial cells. They include cholangiocarcinomas and gallbladder cancer. Gallbladder cancer has a marked geographical preference and is one of the most common cancers in women in northern India. Biliary tract cancers are usually diagnosed at an advanced, unresectable stage. Hence, the prognosis is extremely dismal. The five-year survival rate in advanced gallbladder cancer is < 5%. Hence, early detection and radical surgery are critical to improving biliary tract cancer prognoses. Radiological imaging plays an essential role in diagnosing and managing biliary tract cancers. However, the diagnosis is challenging because the biliary tract is affected by many diseases that may have radiological appearances similar to cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) can improve radiologists' performance in various tasks. Deep learning (DL)-based approaches are increasingly incorporated into medical imaging to improve diagnostic performance. This paper reviews the AI-based strategies in biliary tract cancers to improve the diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India.
| | - Soumen Basu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Chetan Arora
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi, 110 016, India
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12
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Sehrawat A, Gopi VP, Gupta A. A Systematic Review on Role of Deep Learning in CT scan for Detection of Gall Bladder Cancer. ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING 2024; 31:3303-3311. [DOI: 10.1007/s11831-024-10073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
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Cao J, Srinivas-Rao S, Mroueh N, Anand R, Kongboonvijit S, Sertic M, Shenoy-Bhangle AS, Kambadakone A. Cholangiocarcinoma imaging: from diagnosis to response assessment. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:1699-1715. [PMID: 38578323 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly aggressive primary liver cancer arising from the bile duct epithelium, represents a substantial proportion of hepatobiliary malignancies, posing formidable challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Notably, the global incidence of intrahepatic CCA has seen a rise, necessitating a critical examination of diagnostic and management strategies, especially due to presence of close imaging mimics such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA). Hence, it is imperative to understand the role of various imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), elucidating their strengths, and limitations in diagnostic precision and staging accuracy. Beyond conventional approaches, there is emerging significance of functional imaging tools including positron emission tomography (PET)-CT and diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI, providing pivotal insights into diagnosis, therapeutic assessment, and prognostic evaluation. This comprehensive review explores the risk factors, classification, clinical features, and role of imaging in the holistic spectrum of diagnosis, staging, management, and restaging for CCA, hence serving as a valuable resource for radiologists evaluating CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Cao
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Shravya Srinivas-Rao
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Nayla Mroueh
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Roshni Anand
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Sasiprang Kongboonvijit
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
- Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Madeleine Sertic
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Anuradha S Shenoy-Bhangle
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Avinash Kambadakone
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA.
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14
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Liu N, Wu Y, Tao Y, Zheng J, Huang X, Yang L, Zhang X. Differentiation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma through MRI Radiomics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5373. [PMID: 38001633 PMCID: PMC10670473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The clinical and MRI data of 129 pathologically confirmed HCC patients and 48 ICC patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College between April 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided at a ratio of 7:3 into a training group of 124 patients (90 with HCC and 34 with ICC) and a validation group of 53 patients (39 with HCC and 14 with ICC). Radiomic features were extracted from axial fat suppression T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI) and axial arterial-phase (AP) and portal-venous-phase (PVP) dynamic-contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) sequences, and the corresponding datasets were generated. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used to select the best radiomic features. Logistic regression was used to establish radiomic models for each sequence (FS-T2WI, AP and PVP models), a clinical model for optimal clinical variables (C model) and a joint radiomics model (JR model) integrating the radiomics features of all the sequences as well as a radiomics-clinical model combining optimal radiomic features and clinical risk factors (RC model). The performance of each model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The AUCs of the FS-T2WI, AP, PVP, JR, C and RC models for distinguishing HCC from ICC were 0.693, 0.863, 0.818, 0.914, 0.936 and 0.977 in the training group and 0.690, 0.784, 0.727, 0.802, 0.860 and 0.877 in the validation group, respectively. The results of this study suggest that MRI-based radiomics may help noninvasively differentiate HCC from ICC. The model integrating the radiomics features and clinical risk factors showed a further improvement in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Interventional Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; (N.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.)
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaokun Wu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Interventional Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; (N.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yunyun Tao
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Interventional Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; (N.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jing Zheng
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Interventional Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; (N.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Interventional Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; (N.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lin Yang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Interventional Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; (N.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Interventional Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; (N.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.)
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15
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Wen W, Mumma M, Zheng W. Temporal Trends of Stages and Survival of Biliary Tract Cancers in the United States and Associations with Demographic Factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1660-1667. [PMID: 37606709 PMCID: PMC10840886 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer has been increasing and decreasing respectively in the United States, whereas their mortality has been declining since 1980, which suggests improved overall survival of biliary tract cancers (BTC). We aimed to investigate temporal trends of BTC stages and survival and their associations with demographic factors. METHODS A total of 55,163 patients with BTC collected from 2000 to 2018 from the NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registry were included in this study. We assessed the temporal trend of BTC stages with diagnosis years using the annual percentage of change (APC) in the proportion of the stages. We estimated the association of BTC survival and stages with diagnosis years and demographic factors using the Cox regression models. RESULTS While localized BTC proportion remained little changed from 2006 to 2018, the proportion of regional and distant BTCs significantly decreased (APC = -2.3%) and increased (APC = 2.7%), respectively, through the years. The overall and cancer-specific survival increased from 41.0% and 47.3% in 2000 to 2004 to 51.2% and 53.8% in 2015 to 2018, respectively. Patients with BTC who were older, Black, unmarried, or had lower socioeconomic status (SES) had significantly poorer overall survival. CONCLUSIONS We found that distant and regional BTC significantly increased and decreased, respectively, and the BTC survival significantly improved over time. Age, sex, race, SES, and marital status were significantly associated with overall survival and less evidently with cancer-specific survival of patients with BTC. IMPACT Our findings suggest that demographic factors were associated with BTC stages and BTC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael Mumma
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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16
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Pang L, Mao W, Zhang Y, Liu G, Hu P, Chen S, Gu Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Shi H. Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/MR and PET/CT for pretreatment TNM staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:2537-2546. [PMID: 37179282 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 18F-FDG PET/MR has been applied to the diagnosis and preoperative staging in various tumor types; however, reports using PET/MR in hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) are rare. We investigated the value of PET/MR for preoperative staging and compared it with PET/CT in HCCA. METHODS Fifty-eight patients with HCCA confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging was performed first, followed with whole-body PET/MR imaging. SUVmax of tumor and normal liver tissue were measured. Paired T test was used to compare SUVmax of tumor and normal liver tissue of PET/CT and PET/MR. In addition, McNemar test was used to compare the accuracy of TNM staging and Bismuth-Corlette typing between PET/CT and PET/MR. RESULTS There was no significant difference in SUVmax between PET/CT and PET/MR in primary tumor lesions (6.6 ± 5.5 vs. 6.8 ± 6.2, P = 0.439). SUVmax of PET/CT and PET/MR in normal liver parenchyma was significantly different (3.0 ± 0.5 vs. 2.1 ± 0.5, P < 0.001). The accuracy of PET/MR in diagnosing T staging and N staging was significantly higher than those of PET/CT (72.4% vs. 58.6%, P = 0.022 and 84.5% vs. 67.2%, P = 0.002). There was no significant difference between PET/CT and PET/MR in M staging (94.8% vs. 98.3%, P = 0.5). The classification accuracy of PET/MR in Bismuth-Corlette was significantly higher than that of PET/CT (89.7% vs. 79.3%), P = 0.031. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/MR was superior to that of PET/CT in preoperative T staging, N staging, and Bismuth-Corlette classification of HCCA. In M staging, the diagnostic accuracy of PET/MR was similar to that of PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wujian Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yushen Gu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Biliary Tract Diseases Institute, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Houbao Liu
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Biliary Tract Diseases Institute, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 966, Middle Huaihai Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Utility of PET Scans in the Diagnosis and Management of Gastrointestinal Tumors. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4633-4653. [PMID: 35908126 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Vij M, Puri Y, Rammohan A, G G, Rajalingam R, Kaliamoorthy I, Rela M. Pathological, molecular, and clinical characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma: A comprehensive review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:607-627. [PMID: 35321284 PMCID: PMC8919011 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i3.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive cancers that may arise anywhere within the biliary tree. There is a wide geographical variation with regards to its incidence, and risk-factor associations which may include liver fluke infection, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and hepatolithiasis amongst others. These tumours are classified into intrahepatic, perihilar and distal based on their anatomical location. Morphologically, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are further sub-classified into small and large duct variants. Perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinomas are usually mucin-producing tubular adenocarcinomas. Cholangiocarcinomas develop through a multistep carcinogenesis and are preceded by dysplastic and in situ lesions. While clinical characteristics and management of these tumours have been extensively elucidated in literature, their ultra-structure and tumour biology remain relatively unknown. This review focuses on the current knowledge of pathological characteristics, molecular alterations of cholangiocarcinoma, and its precursor lesions (including biliary intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct, intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Vij
- Department of Pathology, Dr Rela Institute and Medical center, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yogesh Puri
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Center, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashwin Rammohan
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Center, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowripriya G
- Department of Pathology, Dr Rela Institute and Medical center, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Rajalingam
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Center, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ilankumaran Kaliamoorthy
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Center, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Center, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
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Manne A, Woods E, Tsung A, Mittra A. Biliary Tract Cancers: Treatment Updates and Future Directions in the Era of Precision Medicine and Immuno-Oncology. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768009. [PMID: 34868996 PMCID: PMC8634105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective management of biliary tract cancers (BTCs) has been hampered by limited options for systemic therapy. In recent years, the focus on precision medicine has made technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) accessible to clinicians to identify targetable mutations in BTCs in tumor tissue (primarily) as well as blood, and to treat them with targeted therapies when possible. It has also expanded our understanding of functional pathways associated with genetic alterations and opened doors for identifying novel targets for treatment. Recent advances in the precision medicine approach allowed us to identify new molecular markers in BTCs, such as epigenetic changes (methylation and histone modification) and non-DNA markers such as messenger RNA, microRNA, and long non-coding RNA. It also made detecting these markers from non-traditional sources such as blood, urine, bile, and cytology (from fine-needle aspiration and biliary brushings) possible. As these tests become more accessible, we can see the integration of different molecular markers from all available sources to aid physicians in diagnosing, assessing prognosis, predicting tumor response, and screening BTCs. Currently, there are a handful of approved targeted therapies and only one class of immunotherapy agents (immune checkpoint inhibitors or ICIs) to treat BTCs. Early success with new targets, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), HER2, protein kinase receptor, and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1); new drugs for known targets, fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) such as futabatinib, derazantinib, and erdafitinib; and ICIs such as durvalumab and tremelimumab is encouraging. Novel immunotherapy agents such as bispecific antibodies (bintrafusp alfa), arginase inhibitors, vaccines, and cellular therapy (chimeric antigen receptor-T cell or CAR-T, natural killer cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) have the potential to improve outcomes of BTCs in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Manne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology at the Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Edward Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Arjun Mittra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology at the Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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20
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Detection of Human Cholangiocarcinoma Markers in Serum Using Infrared Spectroscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205109. [PMID: 34680259 PMCID: PMC8534168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholangiocarcinoma is a form of liver cancer that is found, predominantly, in Thailand. Due to the non-specific symptoms and laboratory investigation, it is difficult to rule out cholangiocarcinoma from other liver conditions. Here, we demonstrate the development of a diagnostic tool for cholangiocarcinoma, based on the ATR-FTIR analyses of sera, coupled with multivariate analyses and machine learning tools to obtain a better specificity. The innovative approach that shows highly promising results for this otherwise difficult to diagnose cancer. Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy of the bile duct epithelium. Opisthorchis viverrini infection is a known high-risk factor for CCA and in found, predominantly, in Northeast Thailand. The silent disease development and ineffective diagnosis have led to late-stage detection and reduction in the survival rate. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is currently being explored as a diagnostic tool in medicine. In this study, we apply ATR-FTIR to discriminate CCA sera from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), biliary disease (BD) and healthy donors using a multivariate analysis. Spectral markers differing from healthy ones are observed in the collagen band at 1284, 1339 and 1035 cm−1, the phosphate band (vsPO2−) at 1073 cm−1, the polysaccharides band at 1152 cm−1 and 1747 cm−1 of lipid ester carbonyl. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows discrimination between CCA and healthy sera using the 1400–1000 cm−1 region and the combined 1800—1700 + 1400–1000 cm−1 region. Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) scores plots in four of five regions investigated, namely, the 1400–1000 cm−1, 1800–1000 cm−1, 3000–2800 + 1800–1000 cm−1 and 1800–1700 + 1400–1000 cm−1 regions, show discrimination between sera from CCA and healthy volunteers. It was not possible to separate CCA from HCC and BD by PCA and PLS-DA. CCA spectral modelling is established using the PLS-DA, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Neural Network (NN). The best model is the NN, which achieved a sensitivity of 80–100% and a specificity between 83 and 100% for CCA, depending on the spectral window used to model the spectra. This study demonstrates the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and spectral modelling as an additional tool to discriminate CCA from other conditions.
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21
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Yoo J, Kim JH, Bae JS, Kang HJ. Prediction of prognosis and resectability using MR imaging, clinical, and histopathological findings in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:4159-4169. [PMID: 33929600 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict poor overall survival (OS) and risk of residual tumor after surgery using MR imaging, clinical, and histopathological findings in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS 196 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent preoperative MRI and curative-intent surgery were retrospectively included. MRI findings were assessed by two radiologists. Clinical characteristics and histopathological results such as serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), T and N stage, and resection status, were also investigated. Cox regression analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to identify prognostic factors for OS. We further analyzed the correlation between MRI features and residual tumors using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The median OS was 25.0 ± 26.6 months. T stage (hazard ratio [HR] 6.26, p = 0.014), N stage (HR 1.86, p = 0.002), CA-19-9 >37 U/mL (HR 2.06, p < 0.001), enlarged LN on MRI (HR 1.69, p = 0.006), and residual tumor (HR 1.52, p = 0.034) were important predictors of poor survival. The 5-year OS of the complete resection group (n = 107) was significantly better than that of the residual tumor group (n = 89) (35.5% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.002). Additionally, peritumoral fat stranding (odds ratio[OR] 2.09, p = 0.027), Bismuth type III/IV (OR 1.95, p = 0.022), and common bile duct (CBD) involvement (OR 2.3, p = 0.008) on MRI were important predictors of residual tumors in univariate analyses. However, absence of peritumoral fat stranding was a significant independent predictor for complete resection (OR 1.99, p = 0.048) and showed the highest sensitivity, at 79.8%. CONCLUSION MR imaging, clinical and histopathological results are useful for predicting poor survival after surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, MRI findings, including peritumoral fat stranding, CBD involvement, and Bismuth type, are important for the prediction of residual tumors.
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22
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Sarcognato S, Sacchi D, Fassan M, Fabris L, Cadamuro M, Zanus G, Cataldo I, Capelli P, Baciorri F, Cacciatore M, Guido M. Cholangiocarcinoma. Pathologica 2021; 113:158-169. [PMID: 34294934 PMCID: PMC8299326 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common type of liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma, accounting for 10-15% of all primary liver malignancies. Both the incidence and mortality of CCA have been steadily increasing during the last decade. Moreover, most CCAs are diagnosed at an advanced stage, when therapeutic options are very limited. CCA may arise from any tract of the biliary system and it is classified into intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal CCA, according to the anatomical site of origin. This topographical classification also reflects distinct genetic and histological features, risk factors, and clinical outcomes. This review focuses on histopathology of CCA, its differential diagnoses, and its diagnostic pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Sacchi
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine - DMM, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Zanus
- 4th Surgery Unit, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology - DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ivana Cataldo
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Paola Capelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Guido
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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23
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Boilève A, Hilmi M, Delaye M, Tijeras-Raballand A, Neuzillet C. Biomarkers in Hepatobiliary Cancers: What is Useful in Clinical Practice? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2708. [PMID: 34070929 PMCID: PMC8198554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancers (BTC) exhibit a poor prognosis with 5-year overall survival rates around 15%, all stages combined. Most of these primary liver malignancies are metastatic at diagnostic, with only limited therapeutic options, relying mainly on systemic therapies. Treatment modalities are different yet partially overlapping between HCC and BTC. The complex molecular profile of BTC yields to several actionable therapeutic targets, contrary to HCC that remains the field of antiangiogenic drugs in non-molecularly selected patients. Immunotherapy is now validated in the first line in HCC in combination with bevacizumab, while clinical activity of single agent immunotherapy appears limited to a subset of patients in BTC, still poorly characterized, and combinations are currently under investigation. In this review, we provide a critical evaluation and grading of clinical relevance on (i) the main prognostic biomarkers in HCC and BTC, (ii) the main theragnostic biomarkers in both tumors, and lastly (iii) what is recommended in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Boilève
- Gustave Roussy, Département de Médecine Oncologique, 94805 Villejuif, France;
- GERCOR Group, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France; (M.H.); (M.D.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Marc Hilmi
- GERCOR Group, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France; (M.H.); (M.D.); (A.T.-R.)
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Curie Institute, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Matthieu Delaye
- GERCOR Group, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France; (M.H.); (M.D.); (A.T.-R.)
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Curie Institute, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Annemilaï Tijeras-Raballand
- GERCOR Group, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France; (M.H.); (M.D.); (A.T.-R.)
- OncoMEGA, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- GERCOR Group, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France; (M.H.); (M.D.); (A.T.-R.)
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Curie Institute, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
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24
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Ichikawa S, Oishi N, Kondo T, Onishi H. Key Imaging Findings for the Prospective Diagnosis of Rare Diseases of the Gallbladder and Cystic Duct. Korean J Radiol 2021; 22:1462-1474. [PMID: 34132078 PMCID: PMC8390821 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are various diseases of the gallbladder and cystic duct, and imaging diagnosis is challenging for the rare among them. However, some rare diseases show characteristic imaging findings or patient history; therefore, familiarity with the imaging presentation of rare diseases may improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management. The purpose of this article is to describe the imaging findings of rare diseases of the gallbladder and cystic duct and identify their pathological correlations with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onishi
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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25
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Han Y, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Liu R, Liu D, Bai M, Fan Q, Li J, Zhu K, Li H, Ning T, Ying G, Ba Y. Serum microRNAs as Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Early Diagnosis of Biliary Tract Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1185-1195. [PMID: 33833559 PMCID: PMC8021261 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s297371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive malignancies with difficult early diagnosis and poor prognosis. Studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are expected to be biomarkers of the disease, which indicates that we can diagnose cancers according to the miRNAs that have significant changes. The aim of this study was to explore miRNA biomarkers of BTCs. Methods A total of 163 samples were collected and divided into the control group, the benign group and the malignant group. High-throughput low-density chips were used to screen miRNAs with significant changes. Then, the preliminary screening test and the verification test were performed by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, the level of miRNAs in serum exosomes was measured. Results MiR-10a, miR-21, miR-135b, miR-221, and miR-214 were upregulated in the BTCs group compared to the control group. The change in the miR-221 level was statistically significant when the malignant group was compared with the benign group (P<0.01). Meanwhile, miR-135b and miR-214 were enriched in serum exosomes. Conclusion Five miRNAs in the serum were found to be significantly upregulated in patients with BTCs. Among them, miR-221 can serve as an early diagnostic marker for BTCs patients. MiR-10a, miR-21, miR-135b and miR-214 can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of biliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Han
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongying Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Fan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialu Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kegan Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ning
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ba
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
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26
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Solonitsyn E, Dechêne A. Diagnostic Approach to Suspected Perihilar Malignancy. Visc Med 2021; 37:3-9. [PMID: 33718479 DOI: 10.1159/000513950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinomas are relatively rare tumors most frequently arising from the epithelium of the hilar bile ducts. The diagnosis is often made in advanced (symptomatic) stages, which accounts for the infavorable prognosis with a 5-year survival of less than 10%. Identification of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) is often challenging because there is no single method offering sufficient diagnostic accuracy. Summary Most tumors arise in patients without specific risk factors. Clinical symptoms of pCCA are nonspecific and reliable biomarkers are lacking, with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 being the most commonly used tumor marker (but with a low accuracy). Cross-sectional imaging (CT and MRI) is used to identify and map hilar strictures and determine resectability by showing vascular involvement. Endoscopic ultrasound offers additional information on locoregional tumor spread and lymph node involvement. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in combination with cholangioscopy gives direct access to and imaging of hilar strictures but it does not always distinguish between pCCA and benign hilar strictures. Tissue acquisition for histological diagnosis is challenging, with frequent sampling errors regardless of the method of biopsy procurement because of the cellular paucity of tumor tissue. Key Messages In suspected perihilar malignancy, a mosaic of clinical data has to be taken into account. Histological evaluation of (endoscopically harvested) specimens is pivotal to differential diagnosis. Several new techniques to increase diagnostic accuracy are under investigation (biomarkers and genetic testing among others).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Solonitsyn
- Almasov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Dechêne
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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27
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Chatchawal P, Wongwattanakul M, Tippayawat P, Jearanaikoon N, Jumniansong A, Boonmars T, Jearanaikoon P, Wood BR. Monitoring the Progression of Liver Fluke-Induced Cholangiocarcinoma in a Hamster Model Using Synchrotron FTIR Microspectroscopy and Focal Plane Array Infrared Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15361-15369. [PMID: 33170647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a bile duct cancer that originates in the bile duct epithelium. Northeastern Thailand has the highest incidence of CCA, and there is a direct correlation with liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) infection. The high mortality rate of CCA is a consequence of delayed diagnosis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique that detects the absorbance of molecular vibrations and is perfectly suited for the interrogation of biological samples. In this study, we applied synchrotron radiation-FTIR (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy and focal plane array (FPA-FTIR) microspectroscopy to characterize periductal fibrosis and bile duct cells progressing to CCA induced by inoculating O. viverrini metacercariae into hamsters. SR-FTIR and FPA-FTIR measurements were performed in liver sections harvested from 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-month post-infected hamsters compared to uninfected liver tissues. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the tissue samples showed a clear discrimination among uninfected and early-stage (1 and 2 months) and cancerous-stage (3 and 6 months) tissues. The discrimination is based on intensity changes in the phosphodiester band (1081 cm-1), amino acid residue (∼1396 cm-1), and C═O stretching carboxylic esters (1745 cm-1). Infected tissues also show definitive bands at ∼1280, 1234, and 1201 cm-1 characteristic of the collagen triplet and indicative of fibrosis. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed on the FPA data and showed a classification into specific cell types. Hepatocyte, fibrotic lesion, and bile duct (cancer) were classified and HCA mapping showed similar cellular distribution pattern compared to Sirius red staining. This study was also extended to less invasive sample analysis using attenuated total reflectance-FTIR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Sera from O. viverrini-infected and uninfected hamsters were analyzed using multivariate analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PCA was able to classify spectra of normal, early-stage CCA, and CCA, while the PLS-DA gave 100% accuracy for the validation. The model was established from 17 samples (11 normal, 6 cancer) in the calibration set and 9 samples in the validation set (4 normal, 2 cancer, 3 precancerous). These results indicate that FTIR-based technology is a potential tool to detect the progression of CCA, especially in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patutong Chatchawal
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnosis Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
| | - Molin Wongwattanakul
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnosis Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Tippayawat
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnosis Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Amonrat Jumniansong
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnosis Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Boonmars
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Jearanaikoon
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnosis Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
| | - Bayden R Wood
- Center for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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28
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Huang D, Lee J, Song N, Cho S, Choe S, Shin A. Gallstones, Cholecystectomy and the Risk of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study in Korea. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:164-172. [PMID: 33033710 PMCID: PMC7523037 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.3.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies suggest a potential association between gallstones or cholecystectomy and hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers (HBPCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of HBPCs in patients with gallstones or patients who underwent cholecystectomy in the Korean population. A retrospective cohort was constructed using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). Gallstones and cholecystectomy were defined by diagnosis and procedure codes and treated as time-varying covariates. Hazard ratios (HRs) in relation to the risk of HBPCs were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models. Among the 704,437 individuals who were included in the final analysis, the gallstone prevalence was 2.4%, and 1.4% of individuals underwent cholecystectomy. Between 2002 and 2015, 487 and 189 individuals developed HBPCs in the gallstone and cholecystectomy groups, respectively. A significant association was observed between gallstones and all HBPCs (HR 2.16; 95% CI 1.92-2.42) and cholecystectomy and all HBPCs (HR 2.03; 95% CI 1.72-2.39). However, when 1-, 3-, and 5-year lag periods were applied, the HBPC and subsites risk approached zero. A significant association was observed between cholecystectomy and intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IBDC) (HR 2.68; 95% CI 1.63-4.40). When 1-, 3- and 5-year lag periods were applied, the IBDC risk after cholecystectomy was 2.86-fold (95% CI 1.68-4.85), 2.92-fold (95% CI 1.51-5.64), and 4.08-fold (95% CI 1.94-8.61) higher, respectively, than that in the comparison group. In conclusion, gallstone diagnosis and cholecystectomy seem to correlate with HBPCs, especially cholecystectomy and IBDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Joonki Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Nan Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sooyoung Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunho Choe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Inchingolo R, Maino C, Gatti M, Tricarico E, Nardella M, Grazioli L, Sironi S, Ippolito D, Faletti R. Gadoxetic acid magnetic-enhanced resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4261-4271. [PMID: 32848332 PMCID: PMC7422539 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i29.4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of liver magnetic resonance imaging is increasing thanks to its multiparametric sequences that allow a better tissue characterization, and the use of hepatobiliary contrast agents. This review aims to evaluate gadoxetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma and its different clinical and radiological classifications proposed in the literature. We also analyze the epidemiology, risk factors in correlation with clinical findings and laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Inchingolo
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Matera 75100, Italy
| | - Cesare Maino
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Marco Gatti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology Unit, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tricarico
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Matera 75100, Italy
| | - Michele Nardella
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Matera 75100, Italy
| | - Luigi Grazioli
- Department of Radiology, Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Sandro Sironi
- Department of radiology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, University Milano-Bicocca, Bergamo 20110, Italy
| | - Davide Ippolito
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Riccardo Faletti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology Unit, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
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de Savornin Lohman E, de Bitter T, Verhoeven R, van der Geest L, Hagendoorn J, Haj Mohammad N, Daams F, Klümpen HJ, van Gulik T, Erdmann J, de Boer M, Hoogwater F, Koerkamp BG, Braat A, Verheij J, Nagtegaal I, van Laarhoven C, van den Boezem P, van der Post R, de Reuver P. Trends in Treatment and Survival of Gallbladder Cancer in the Netherlands; Identifying Gaps and Opportunities from a Nation-Wide Cohort. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040918. [PMID: 32283627 PMCID: PMC7226578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is rare in Western populations and data about treatment and outcomes are scarce. This study aims to analyze survival and identify opportunities for improvement using population-based data from a low-incidence country. GBC patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2016 with GBC were identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients were grouped according to time period (2005–2009/2010–2016) and disease stage. Trends in treatment and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. In total 1834 patients were included: 661 (36%) patients with resected, 278 (15%) with non-resected non-metastatic, and 895 (49%) with metastatic GBC. Use of radical versus simple cholecystectomy (12% vs. 26%, p < 0.001) in early (pT1b/T2) GBC increased. More patients with metastatic GBC received chemotherapy (11% vs. 29%, p < 0.001). OS improved from 4.8 months (2005–2009) to 6.1 months (2010–2016) (p = 0.012). Median OS increased over time (2005–2009 vs. 2010–2016) in resected (19.4 to 26.8 months, p = 0.038) and metastatic (2.3 vs. 3.4 months, p = 0.001) GBC but not in unresected, non-metastatic GBC. In early GBC, patients with radical cholecystectomy had a median OS of 76.7 compared to 18.4 months for simple cholecystectomy (p < 0.001). Palliative chemotherapy showed superior (p < 0.001) survival in metastatic (7.3 versus 2.1 months) and non-resected non-metastatic (7.7 versus 3.5 months) GBC. In conclusion, survival of GBC remains poor. Radical surgery and palliative chemotherapy appear to improve prognosis but remain under-utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise de Savornin Lohman
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.d.S.L.); (R.V.); (C.v.L.); (P.v.d.B.)
| | - Tessa de Bitter
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (T.d.B.); (I.N.); (R.v.d.P.)
| | - Rob Verhoeven
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.d.S.L.); (R.V.); (C.v.L.); (P.v.d.B.)
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, 3501 DB Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Lydia van der Geest
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, 3501 DB Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jeroen Hagendoorn
- Department of Surgery, Utrecht University Medical Center, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Nadia Haj Mohammad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Freek Daams
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Heinz-Josef Klümpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Thomas van Gulik
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1100DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.v.G.); (J.E.)
| | - Joris Erdmann
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1100DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.v.G.); (J.E.)
| | - Marieke de Boer
- Department of Surgery, Section of HPB-Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, 97700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.d.B.); (F.H.)
| | - Frederik Hoogwater
- Department of Surgery, Section of HPB-Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, 97700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.d.B.); (F.H.)
| | | | - Andries Braat
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Iris Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (T.d.B.); (I.N.); (R.v.d.P.)
| | - Cornelis van Laarhoven
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.d.S.L.); (R.V.); (C.v.L.); (P.v.d.B.)
| | - Peter van den Boezem
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.d.S.L.); (R.V.); (C.v.L.); (P.v.d.B.)
| | - Rachel van der Post
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (T.d.B.); (I.N.); (R.v.d.P.)
| | - Philip de Reuver
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.d.S.L.); (R.V.); (C.v.L.); (P.v.d.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +31-24-3613983
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Khuntikeo N, Titapun A, Chamadol N, Boonphongsathien W, Sa-Ngiamwibool P, Taylor-Robinson SD, Wadsworth CA, Zhang S, Kardoulaki EM, Young IR, Syms RRA. Improving the Detection of Cholangiocarcinoma: In vitro MRI-Based Study Using Local Coils and T2 Mapping. Hepat Med 2020; 12:29-39. [PMID: 32280284 PMCID: PMC7127873 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s232392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Cholangiocarcinoma is endemic in southeast Asia, generally developing from liver fluke infestation. However, diagnostic imaging of early-stage disease is challenging. The aim of this work is to investigate relaxometry (specifically, T2 mapping) as a method of exploiting the higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of internal coils for improved reception of magnetic resonance signals, despite their non-uniform sensitivity. Methods Ex vivo T2 mapping was carried out at 3T on fixed resection specimens from Thai cholangiocarcinoma patients using an mGRASE sequence and an endoscope coil based on a thin-film magneto-inductive waveguide and designed ultimately for internal use. Results Disease-induced changes including granulomatous inflammation, intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal tumours were correlated with histopathology, and relaxation data were compared with mono- and bi-exponential models of T2 relaxation. An approximately 10-fold local advantage in SNR compared to a 16-element torso coil was demonstrated using the endoscope coil, and improved tissue differentiation was obtained without contrast agents. Conclusion The performance advantage above follows directly from the inverse relation between the component of the standard deviation of T2 due to thermal noise and the SNR, and offers an effective method of exploiting the SNR advantage of internal coils. No correction is required, avoiding the need for tracking, relaxing constraints on coil and slice orientation and providing rapid visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narong Khuntikeo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Chamadol
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Simon D Taylor-Robinson
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Christopher A Wadsworth
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Liver Unit, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Philips Healthcare Germany, Health Systems, Clinical Science, Hamburg 22335, Germany
| | | | - Ian R Young
- EEE Department, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Satiya J, Mousa OY, Gupta K, Trivedi S, Oman SP, Wijarnpreecha K, Harnois DM, Corral JE. Diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance imaging for cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 6:35-41. [PMID: 32166122 PMCID: PMC7062114 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2020.93054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Combined magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRI/MRCP) can identify biliary strictures and diagnose primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC remains challenging, and the accuracy of MRI/MRCP has not been completely established. We aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of MRI/MRCP in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma among patients with PSC from the published literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and abstracts from relevant scientific meetings and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the diagnostic yield of MRI/MRCP in patients with PSC. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated from pooled estimates of cholangiocarcinoma cases identified and lesions missed. Modifying variables were included in a meta-regression model. RESULTS Our literature search yielded 302 articles and 9 conference abstracts; 8 studies involving 846 liver patients from 5 countries were included in the final analysis. Of those, 531 had PSC and received MRI/MRCP. Thirty-six (6.8%) patients were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma (33 true positive, 3 false negative and 1 false positive). Pooled sensitivity was 98.9% (95% CI: 98.6-99.3%). Cholangiocarcinoma cases missed by MRI/MRCP were diagnosed as beading irregularities of the central hepatic ducts, or PSC-related diffuse stricture. Metaregression revealed that neither publication year, study design, nor sample size had a significant effect on observed cancer rates (p = 0.9, 0.3, and 0.3, respectively). CONCLUSIONS MRI/MRCP followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a sensitive and specific tool to diagnose cholangiocarcinoma among patients with PSC. Further research should estimate MRI/MRCP diagnostic accuracy for cholangiocarcinoma using prospective methodology and longer term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinendra Satiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami/JFK Medical Center, West Palm Beach, FL, Unites States
| | - Omar Y Mousa
- Department of Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Unites States
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami/JFK Medical Center, West Palm Beach, FL, Unites States
| | - Shivani Trivedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami/JFK Medical Center, West Palm Beach, FL, Unites States
| | - Sven P Oman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, Unites States
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, Unites States
| | - Denise M Harnois
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, Unites States
| | - Juan Enrique Corral
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, Unites States
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Rapidly growing neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:259-265. [PMID: 31956384 PMCID: PMC6957802 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare tumors with a prognosis poorer than that of other gallbladder carcinomas. These tumors are often detected late and are difficult to treat. We present the case of a 68-year-old woman with small-cell gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma. Abdominal sonography and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI performed at different points in time showed rapid growth. Treatment with surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy was instituted. In view of the rapid growth of these tumors, suspicious cases should at least be considered for close follow-up with appropriate imaging studies.
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Chaiprasert T, Armartmuntree N, Techasen A, Sakonsinsiri C, Pinlaor S, Ungarreevittaya P, Khuntikeo N, Namwat N, Thanan R. Roles of Zinc Finger Protein 423 in Proliferation and Invasion of Cholangiocarcinoma through Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070263. [PMID: 31284679 PMCID: PMC6681239 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 423 (ZNF423) is a transcriptional factor involved in the development and progression of cancers but has not yet been examined in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an oxidative stress-driven cancer of biliary epithelium. In this study, we hypothesized that oxidative stress mediated ZNF423 expression regulates its downstream genes resulting in CCA genesis. ZNF423 protein expression patterns and 8-oxodG (an oxidative stress marker) formation in CCA tissues were investigated using immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that ZNF423 was overexpressed in CCA cells compared to normal bile duct cells adjacent of the tumor. Notably, ZNF423 expression was positively correlated with 8-oxodG formation. Moreover, ZNF423 expression in an immortalized cholangiocyte cell line (MMNK1) was increased by hydrogen peroxide-treatment, suggesting that oxidative stress induces ZNF423 expression. To investigate the roles of ZNF423 in CCA progression, ZNF423 mRNA was silenced using specific siRNA in CCA cell lines, KKU-100 and KKU-213. Silencing of ZNF423 significantly inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of both CCA cell lines. Taking all these results together, the present study denoted that ZNF423 is an oxidative stress-responsive gene with an oncogenic property contributing to the regulation of CCA genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timpika Chaiprasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Napat Armartmuntree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Piti Ungarreevittaya
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Zhang HW, Kou K, Qi J, Xie EB, Wang M, Li Y, Lv GY, Wang GY. Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct: a case report. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3421-3426. [PMID: 31154920 PMCID: PMC6683900 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519850391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) was introduced in the 2010 World Health Organization classification of digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms. Bile duct invasion by MANEC is exceptionally rare. We herein report a case of MANEC with invasion of multiple bile ducts. Case presentation: A 60-year-old man presented with a 7-day history of upper abdominal pain, and a mass in the cystic duct was suspected based on computed tomography findings. The patient underwent resection of the extrahepatic bile ducts with concomitant radical lymphadenectomy and Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomy. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma was detected in a component of the resected tumor. According to the pathological and immunohistochemical features of the tumor, the final histopathological diagnosis was a biliary MANEC, tumor stage T2N0M1 (Stage IIIC). The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged from the hospital 10 days after surgery. Conclusions We have described a rare case of extrahepatic MANEC invading multiple bile ducts, with particular emphasis on the physician’s awareness of MANEC and its optimal treatment. MANEC arising from extrahepatic bile ducts is rare, and surgical resection is the most effective treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wen Zhang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Kou
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Qi
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - En-Bo Xie
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Li
- 2 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Guo-Yue Lv
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guang-Yi Wang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Tariq NUA, McNamara MG, Valle JW. Biliary tract cancers: current knowledge, clinical candidates and future challenges. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2623-2642. [PMID: 31015767 PMCID: PMC6446989 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s157092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are rare with poor prognosis. Due to the advent of genomic sequencing, new data have emerged regarding the molecular makeup of this disease. To add to the complexity, various subtypes also harbor a varied genetic composition. The commonly mutated genes associated with this cancer are KRAS, EGFR, IDH, FGFR and BAP1. Various clinical studies are looking at targeting these genetic mutations. Another therapeutic area of note is the potential for the use of immunotherapy in patients with BTC. Although BTC may be a result of chronic inflammation, this does not necessarily translate into increased immunogenicity. This literature review discusses the diverse molecular and immune-related pathways in patients with BTC and their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor-Ul-Ain Tariq
- Faculty of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK,
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK,
| | - Mairéad G McNamara
- Faculty of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK,
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK,
| | - Juan W Valle
- Faculty of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK,
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK,
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Zhang BL, Ji X, Yu LX, Gao Y, Xiao CH, Liu J, Zhao DX, Le Y, Diao GH, Sun JY, Li GH, Lei GL, Yu P, Wang RL, Wu JZ, Yang PH, Yan J, Li JY, Xu JJ, Zhang SG, Tian H. Somatic mutation profiling of liver and biliary cancer by targeted next generation sequencing. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6003-6012. [PMID: 30344748 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver and biliary cancers are highly lethal cancer types lacking effective treatments. The somatic mutations, particularly those with low mutant allele frequencies, in Chinese patients with liver and biliary cancer have not been profiled, and the frequency of patients benefiting from targeted therapy has not been studied. The present study evaluated the tumor tissues of 45 Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 12 Chinese patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) by targeted next generation sequencing, with an average coverage of 639×, to identify alterations in 372 cancer-related genes. A total of 263 variants were identified in 139 genes, with 85.6% of these variants not previously reported in the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer database, and the mutation profile was different from the current datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and the National Cancer Center Japan (NCC_JP) dataset. Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection harbored more mutations than those without HBV infection, and the mutations in HBV carriers occurred preferentially in genes involved in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways. Mutations in fibroblast growth factor and RAS signaling pathways were enriched in patients with cirrhosis, and alterations in interleukin and transforming growth factor signaling pathways were more frequently identified in individuals with abnormal bilirubin expression. Of all the patients, 7% exhibited variants in the target of sorafenib, and 42% harbored variants in the targets of drugs that have been approved to treat other types of cancer. These findings indicate diverse HCC/BTC variants patterns in different populations, and that the mutation load and patterns are correlated with clinical features. Further clinical studies are now warranted to evaluate the efficacies of other targeted drugs besides sorafenib in the treatment of patients with liver and biliary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Xu Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Xiang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Hui Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - De-Xi Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Yi Le
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hao Diao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Gao-Hua Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Lin Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Lan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Hui Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines, Inc., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicines, Inc., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Geng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Hu Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Lu Y, Yan B, Guo H, Qiu L, Sun X, Wang X, Shi Q, Bao Y. Effect of midkine on gemcitabine resistance in biliary tract cancer. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2003-2011. [PMID: 29344648 PMCID: PMC5810218 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is one of the most effective and commonly used chemotherapeutic regimens for biliary tract cancer (BTC). However, development of resistance to this drug limits its efficacy. The present study aimed to explore the effects of midkine (MDK) on the resistance of BTC cells to gemcitabine. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin. The results indicated that BTC cell lines were more resistant to gemcitabine plus MDK compared with gemcitabine alone. In terms of the underlying mechanism, MDK promoted the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BTC cells and the enhancing effect of MDK on gemcitabine resistance was abrogated when the EMT was blocked with small interfering (si)RNA targeting Twist. In addition, MDK promoted the expression of Notch-1, while knockdown of Notch-1 by siRNA blocked the EMT process in the BTC cell lines. Taken together, these results indicated that MDK promoted gemcitabine resistance of BTC through inducing EMT via upregulating Notch-1. It was suggested that inhibition of the EMT is a promising strategy to overcome MDK-induced drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Lu
- Department of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Xinrong Sun
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Bao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
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Fábrega-Foster K, Ghasabeh MA, Pawlik TM, Kamel IR. Multimodality imaging of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2017; 6:67-78. [PMID: 28503554 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2016.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas account for approximately 20% of cases of cholangiocarcinomas. Three growth patterns or morphologic subtypes exist, including mass-forming, periductal-infiltrating, and intraductal-growth subtypes. Knowledge of these morphologic subtypes and their radiologic appearance aids in timely diagnosis, a key to optimizing patient outcomes. The morphologic variability of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas has a direct impact on the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of various diagnostic imaging modalities, including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and positron emission tomography (PET). The following review emphasizes optimal imaging technique for each of these modalities and reviews the imaging appearance of each morphologic subtype of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Fábrega-Foster
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mounes Aliyari Ghasabeh
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Urban Meyer III and Shelley Meyer Chair in Cancer Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Ihab R Kamel
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Feng F, Cheng Q, Yang L, Zhang D, Ji S, Zhang Q, Lin Y, Li F, Xiong L, Liu C, Jiang X. Guidance to rational use of pharmaceuticals in gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma using patient-derived cancer cells and whole exome sequencing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:5349-5360. [PMID: 28029662 PMCID: PMC5354913 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare cancer with no clinical standard treatment. With the rapid development of next generation sequencing, it has been able to provide reasonable treatment options for patients based on genetic variations. However, most cancer drugs are not approval for gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma indications. The correlation between drug response and a genetic variation needs to be further elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Three patient-derived cells-JXQ-3D-001, JXQ-3D-002, and JXQ-3D-003, were derived from biopsy samples of one gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma patient with progression and have been characterized. In order to study the relationship between drug sensitivity and gene alteration, genetic mutations of three patient-derived cells were discovered by whole exome sequencing, and drug screening has been performed based on the gene alterations and related signaling pathways that are associated with drug targets. RESULTS It has been found that there are differences in biological characteristics such as morphology, cell proliferation, cell migration and colony formation activity among these three patient-derived cells although they are derived from the same patient. Their sensitivities to the chemotherapy drugs-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin are distinct. Moreover, none of common chemotherapy drugs could inhibit the proliferations of all three patient-derived cells. Comprehensive analysis of their whole exome sequencing demonstrated that tumor-associated genes TP53, AKT2, FGFR3, FGF10, SDHA, and PI3KCA were mutated or amplified. Part of these alterations are actionable. By screening a set of compounds that are associated with the genetic alteration, it has been found that GDC-0941 and PF-04691502 for PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors could dramatically decrease the proliferation of three patient-derived cells. Importantly, expression of phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated S6 were markedly decreased after treatments with PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors GDC-0941 (0.5 μM) and PF-04691502 (0.1 μM) in all three patient-derived cells. These data suggested that inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway that was activated by PIK3CA amplification in all three patient-derived cells could reduce the cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS A patient-derived cell model combined with whole exome sequencing is a powerful tool to elucidate relationship between drug sensitivities and genetic alternations. In these gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma patient-derived cells, it is found that PIK3CA amplification could be used as a biomarker to indicate PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway activation. Block of the pathway may benefit the gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma patient with this alternation in hypothesis. The real efficacy needs to be confirmed in vivo or in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiling Feng
- Department of Biliary I, Third Affiliated Hospital of PLA Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingbao Cheng
- Department of Biliary I, Third Affiliated Hospital of PLA Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Biliary I, Third Affiliated Hospital of PLA Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dadong Zhang
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
- Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunlong Ji
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangzu Zhang
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Lin
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Fugen Li
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Biliary I, Third Affiliated Hospital of PLA Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Department of Biliary I, Third Affiliated Hospital of PLA Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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The Importance of Imaging Techniques in the Assessment of Biliary Tract Cancer. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2017; 43:201-208. [PMID: 30595876 PMCID: PMC6284837 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.43.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer is reported to be uncommon among most countries in Europe. On the other hand, higher incidence values were recorded in Southeast Asia due to various local hepatobiliary flukes and other risk factors. The malignant process can develop anywhere along the biliary tract and it can be divided into three different types according to their anatomic location: cholangiocarcinoma, carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater and gallbladder cancer. The biggest problem that we are currently facing with this type of malignancy is that patients are usually diagnosed in late stages with few alternatives regarding therapy. Due to its silent, yet fatal evolution, clinicians require additional help from imaging techniques. Initial evaluation of the biliary tract is usually performed with the help of ultrasonography (US) which can determine if an additional imaging procedure will be required next for further evaluation. Some of these imaging techniques include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and MRI with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The purpose of this Review is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging procedures for the assessment in this type of malignancy.
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[Diagnostics and treatment of cholangiocellular carcinoma]. Internist (Berl) 2016; 57:1191-1205. [PMID: 27822622 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-016-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA) is the second most frequent primary liver carcinoma and is an aggressive tumor, which is mostly diagnosed in advanced stages. The overall survival is poor. Histpathological analysis of tumor biopsies or cytological analysis of biliary brushings can be used to confirm the diagnosis. A differentiation is made between distal, perihilar and intrahepatic CCA. The anatomical position determines the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. Before diagnostic or therapeutic measures are undertaken it is essential to resolve biliary obstruction via endoscopic stenting or percutaneous biliary drainage. Depending on the tumor stage curative treatment options comprise radical surgical resection with hepaticojejunostomy or in selected cases liver transplantation. For intrahepatic or distal CCA liver transplantation is not indicated. In the palliative setting systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin leads to a significant improvement in survival time.
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Takahashi H, Moslim MA, Presser N, O'Rourke C, Wey J, Chalikonda S, Walsh MR, Morris-Stiff G. Absence of a Periampullary Mass on Cross-sectional Imaging Delays Diagnosis and Time to Pancreatoduodenectomy But Does Not Impair Outcome. J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20:1179-87. [PMID: 26984696 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-016-3127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess whether the lack of a radiological mass in patients with periampullary malignancies led to protracted diagnosis, delayed resection, and an inferior outcome. METHODS The departmental database was interrogated to identify all patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy during the period 2000-2014. The absence of a mass on cross-sectional and endoscopic ultrasound was noted. The interval between imaging and surgery was evaluated and related to the absence of a mass. The relationship between mass/no mass and the pathological profile was also assessed. RESULTS Among 490 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary malignancies, masses were detected in 299 patients. Patients with undetected mass on either endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) or computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had a longer median interval from initial imaging to resection than detected mass with no difference in survival (66 vs. 41 days, p = 0.001). The absence of a mass was more common in cholangiocarcinomas (p < 0.001). The absence of a mass on imaging was associated with smaller size on final histopathology (2.4 vs. 2.8 cm; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The absence of a mass with all modalities in patients with a periampullary malignancy leads to a delayed diagnosis without a significant effect on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Takahashi
- Department of HPB Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Maitham A Moslim
- Department of HPB Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Naftali Presser
- Department of HPB Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Colin O'Rourke
- Section of Biostatistics, Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jane Wey
- Department of HPB Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sricharan Chalikonda
- Department of HPB Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Matthew R Walsh
- Department of HPB Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Gareth Morris-Stiff
- Department of HPB Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue A100, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Zheng SL, Yip VS, Pedica F, Prachalias A, Quaglia A. Intrahepatic bile duct mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:204. [PMID: 26589730 PMCID: PMC4654861 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the biliary tract is rare with only a few reported cases. Consequently, knowledge about their pathogenesis, histopathological characteristics and outcomes is sparce. Case presentation A 53-year old man presented with epigastric pain on a background of excessive alcohol consumption. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging of the liver revealed a central enhancing mass located at the bifurcation of right anterior and posterior portal veins. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated intrahepatic biliary duct dilatation distal to the mass. The patient underwent a right lobe hepatectomy and excision of the extrahepatic biliary tree with formation of a hepaticojejunostomy. Histopathological finding of the specimen revealed an intraductal tumour with predominant neuroendocrine immunohistochemical phenotype and infiltration into nearby tissue. An element of glandular differentiation on immunohistochemistry confirmed the lesion as MANEC. Conclusions We present the first reported histopathological case of a MANEC arising from the intrahepatic bile ducts. This report aims to review what is known about primary neuroendocrine and mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bile ducts, particularly in comparison to other types of biliary and hepatic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L Zheng
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Vincent S Yip
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Federica Pedica
- Liver Histopathology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Andreas Prachalias
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Alberto Quaglia
- Liver Histopathology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
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Kabbach G, Assi HA, Bolotin G, Schuster M, Lee HJ, Tadros M. Hepatobiliary Tumors: Update on Diagnosis and Management. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2015; 3:169-181. [PMID: 26623263 PMCID: PMC4663198 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2015.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the liver and biliary tree, mainly hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, are the second leading cause of cancer related death worldwide and the sixth leading cause of cancer related death among men in developed countries. Recent developments in biomarkers and imaging modalities have enhanced early detection and accurate diagnosis of these highly fatal malignancies. These advances include serological testing, micro-ribonucleic acids, fluorescence in situ hybridization, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and hepatobiliary-phase magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, there have been major developments in the surgical and nonsurgical management of these tumors, including expansion of the liver transplantation criteria, new locoregional treatments, and molecularly targeted therapies. In this article, we review various types of hepatobiliary tumors and discuss new developments in their diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Kabbach
- Department of internal medicine, Albany medical center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hussein A Assi
- Department of internal medicine, Albany medical center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - George Bolotin
- Department of radiology, Albany medical center, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- Department of pathology, Albany medical center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Micheal Tadros
- Department of internal medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Albany medical center, Albany, NY, USA
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Popp FC, Weigt J, Kalinski T, Betzler C, Arend J, Garlipp B, Benckert C, Bruns CJ. [Papillary tumors - therapeutic concepts]. Chirurg 2015. [PMID: 26223666 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-015-0048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Papillary tumors originate from the various structures of the ampulla of Vater; therefore, these rare tumors represent a heterogeneous group of tumor entities. Intestinal differentiated adenomas are the most common benign lesions, whereas intestinal differentiated papillary carcinomas are the most common malignant tumors. Carcinomas with pancreaticobiliary differentiation have a poorer prognosis. Mesenchymal and neuroendocrine tumors are among the least frequent papillary tumors. Diagnosis is performed by side-view upper endoscopy and biopsy. In cases of suspected malignancy a complete staging with computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasound scanning is indicated to determine local tumor spread.Adenomas are removed by endoscopic snare papillectomy whereas the therapy of choice for papillary carcinomas is pancreatic head resection with systematic lymphadenectomy. Patients with papillary carcinomas are most likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy, which should be determined in an interdisciplinary consensus conference considering the histological differentiation of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Popp
- Universitätsklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland,
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