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Damianos J, Abdelnaem N, Camilleri M. Gut Goo: Physiology, Diet, and Therapy of Intestinal Mucus and Biofilms in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025; 23:205-215. [PMID: 39426645 PMCID: PMC11761393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract has remarkable capacity to withstand considerable insults from exposure to abrasive food particles, chemicals, allergens, and pathogenic microbes. Maintaining a robust epithelial barrier sequesters these potentially harmful substances in the lumen, preventing absorption into the systemic circulation. Normal functioning of this barrier is central in diverse physiological processes including digestion, immunity, inflammation, and gut-brain signaling. One crucial component of the barrier is the mucus layer covering the epithelium. There is increased appreciation of the importance of mucus in maintenance of the gut barrier, and how dysregulation of the mucus layer contributes to several common gastrointestinal pathologies. This manuscript reviews the physical and chemical properties of mucus, its maintenance and turnover, and its role in maintaining gut barrier integrity. The dynamic interactions of the mucus layer within the gut ecosystem are illustrated by highlighting how a weakened mucus layer or defective mucus production facilitate pathogenic microbial colonization and mucosal biofilm formation. These may potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases or result in secretion and mucosal damage and inflammation in bile acid diarrhea. A final goal is to review how certain dietary factors, especially low-fiber diets and emulsifiers common in Western diets, can harm the mucus layer. This report summarizes evidence from preclinical and human studies that document damage to the mucus layer, and reviews approaches, including diets and probiotics, that promote a healthy mucus layer and break down pathogenic biofilms, thereby potentially preventing and/or treating gastrointestinal diseases that impact mucosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Damianos
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nada Abdelnaem
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Jandl B, Dighe S, Baumgartner M, Makristathis A, Gasche C, Muttenthaler M. Gastrointestinal Biofilms: Endoscopic Detection, Disease Relevance, and Therapeutic Strategies. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:1098-1112.e5. [PMID: 38876174 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal biofilms are matrix-enclosed, highly heterogenic and spatially organized polymicrobial communities that can cover large areas in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, mucus disruption, and epithelial invasion are associated with pathogenic biofilms that have been linked to gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. Intestinal biofilms are highly prevalent in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome patients, and most endoscopists will have observed such biofilms during colonoscopy, maybe without appreciating their biological and clinical importance. Gut biofilms have a protective extracellular matrix that renders them challenging to treat, and effective therapies are yet to be developed. This review covers gastrointestinal biofilm formation, growth, appearance and detection, biofilm architecture and signalling, human host defence mechanisms, disease and clinical relevance of biofilms, therapeutic approaches, and future perspectives. Critical knowledge gaps and open research questions regarding the biofilm's exact pathophysiological relevance and key hurdles in translating therapeutic advances into the clinic are discussed. Taken together, this review summarizes the status quo in gut biofilm research and provides perspectives and guidance for future research and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maximillian Baumgartner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Das S, Pradhan T, Panda SK, Behera AD, Kumari S, Mallick S. Bacterial biofilm-mediated environmental remediation: Navigating strategies to attain Sustainable Development Goals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122745. [PMID: 39383746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm is a structured bacterial community enclosed within a three-dimensional polymeric matrix, governed by complex signaling pathways, including two-component systems, quorum sensing, and c-di-GMP, which regulate its development and resistance in challenging environments. The genetic configurations within biofilm empower bacteria to exhibit significant pollutant remediation abilities, offering a promising strategy to tackle diverse ecological challenges and expedite progress toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Biofilm-based technologies offer advantages such as high treatment efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability compared to conventional methods. They significantly contribute to agricultural improvement, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration, thereby supporting SDG 1 (No poverty), SDG 2 (Zero hunger), SDG 13 (Climate action), and SDG 15 (Life on land). In addition, biofilm facilitates the degradation of organic-inorganic pollutants from contaminated environments, aligning with SDG 6 (Clean water and sanitation) and SDG 14 (Life below water). Bacterial biofilm also has potential applications in industrial innovation, aligning SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy), SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth), and SDG 9 (Industry, innovation, and infrastructure). Besides, bacterial biofilm prevents several diseases, aligning with SDG 3 (Good health and well-being). Thus, bacterial biofilm-mediated remediation provides advanced opportunities for addressing environmental issues and progressing toward achieving the SDGs. This review explores the potential of bacterial biofilms in addressing soil pollution, wastewater, air quality improvement, and biodiversity conservation, emphasizing their critical role in promoting sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India.
| | - Trisnehi Pradhan
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Sourav Kumar Panda
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Abhaya Dayini Behera
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Swetambari Kumari
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Souradip Mallick
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
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Sagini JPN, Possamai Rossatto FC, Souza F, Pilau E, Quines CB, Ávila DS, Ligabue-Braun R, Zimmer AR, Pereira RI, Zimmer KR. Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by grape and rice agroindustrial residues. Microb Pathog 2024; 197:107019. [PMID: 39442815 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 10/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Agroindustrial wastes are generated daily and seem to be rich in bioactive molecules. Thus, they can potentially be used as source of compounds able to control bacterial biofilms. We investigated the potential of extracts from the residues of rice and grape to combat clinically important bacterial biofilms. Extracts of grape pomace and rice bran were obtained using different extractive methodologies and subjected to the evaluation of its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. After the in vivo toxicity, the chemical characterization of the most promising extract was assessed. The mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of dipeptides, alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Most grape extracts presented antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. The hydromethanolic grape pomace extract obtained by ultrasound assisted extraction (MeOH 80 UAE) presented the most promising activity, being able to inhibit in 99 % and 80 % the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Against the gram-negative model, this extract eradicated the biofilm by 80 %, induced the swarming motility and displayed a physical effect. It also did not present acute or chronic toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans model. In this way, agroindustrial residues represent a promising source of molecules capable of controlling bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Nunes Sagini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Laboratório de Biofilmes e Modelos Alternativos (BioModal), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Possamai Rossatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Laboratório de Biofilmes e Modelos Alternativos (BioModal), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Souza
- Laboratório de Biomoléculas e Espectrometria de Massas (Labiomass), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pilau
- Laboratório de Biomoléculas e Espectrometria de Massas (Labiomass), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brandão Quines
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBTOXCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBTOXCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Laboratório de Biofilmes e Modelos Alternativos (BioModal), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Rigon Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Inhoque Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Laboratório de Biofilmes e Modelos Alternativos (BioModal), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Rigon Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Laboratório de Biofilmes e Modelos Alternativos (BioModal), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Wang YN, Zhai XY, Wang Z, Gao CL, Mi SC, Tang WL, Fu XM, Li HB, Yue LF, Li PF, Xi SY. Jianpi-Huatan-Huoxue-Anshen formula ameliorates gastrointestinal inflammation and microecological imbalance in chemotherapy-treated mice transplanted with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4209-4231. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jianpi-Huatan-Huoxue-Anshen formula [Tzu-Chi cancer-antagonizing & life-protecting II decoction (TCCL)] is a Chinese medical formula that has been clinically shown to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients and improve their quality of life. However, its effect and mechanism on the intestinal microecology after chemotherapy are not yet clear.
AIM To discover the potential mechanisms of TCCL on gastrointestinal inflammation and microecological imbalance in chemotherapy-treated mice transplanted with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS Ninety-six mice were inoculated subcutaneously with HCC cells. One week later, the mice received a large dose of 5-fluorouracil by intraperitoneal injection to establish a HCC chemotherapy model. Thirty-six mice were randomly selected before administration, and feces, ileal tissue, and ileal contents were collected from each mouse. The remaining mice were randomized into normal saline, continuous chemotherapy, Yangzheng Xiaoji capsules-treated, and three TCCL-treated groups. After treatment, feces, tumors, liver, spleen, thymus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, and colon tissues, and ileal contents were collected. Morphological changes, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-22, TNF-α, and TGF-β, intestinal SIgA, and protein and mRNA expression of ZO-1, NF-κB, Occludin, MUC-2, Claudin-1, and IκB-α in colon tissues were documented. The effect of TCCL on the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing.
RESULTS TCCL treatment improved thymus and spleen weight, thymus and spleen indexes, and body weight, decreased tumor volumes and tumor tissue cell density, and alleviated injury to gastric, ileal, and colonic mucosal tissues. Among proteins and genes associated with inflammation, IL-10, TGF-β, SIgA, ZO-1, MUC-2, and Occludin were upregulated, whereas NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-8, and IκB-α were downregulated. Additionally, TCCL increased the proportions of fecal Actinobacteria, AF12, Adlercreutzia, Clostridium, Coriobacteriaceae, and Paraprevotella in the intermediate stage of treatment, decreased the proportions of Mucipirillum, Odoribacter, RF32, YS2, and Rikenellaceae but increased the proportions of p_Deferribacteres and Lactobacillus at the end of treatment. Studies on ileal mucosal microbiota showed similar findings. Moreover, TCCL improved community richness, evenness, and the diversity of fecal and ileal mucosal flora.
CONCLUSION TCCL relieves pathological changes in tumor tissue and chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal injury, potentially by reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors to repair the gastrointestinal mucosa, enhancing intestinal barrier function, and maintaining gastrointestinal microecological balance. Hence, TCCL is a very effective adjuvant to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhai
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chun-Ling Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, PLA 73rd Army Hospital, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Sui-Cai Mi
- Department of Oncology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361015, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wen-Li Tang
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xue-Min Fu
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huai-Bang Li
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Feng Yue
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Xi
- Department of TCM, Xiang’an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
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Saravanan V, Gopalakrishnan V, Mahendran MIMS, Vaithianathan R, Srinivasan S, Boopathy V, Krishnamurthy S. Biofilm mediated integrin activation and directing acceleration of colorectal cancer. APMIS 2024; 132:688-705. [PMID: 39246244 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm plays a vital role in influencing several diseases, infections, metabolic pathways and communication channels. Biofilm influence over colorectal cancer (CRC) has been a booming area of research interest. The virulence factors of bacterial pathogen have a high tendency to induce metabolic pathway to accelerate CRC. The bacterial species biofilm may induce cancer through regulating the major signalling pathways responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and growth. Activation of cancer signals may get initiated from the chronic infections through bacterial biofilm species. Integrin mediates in the activation of major pathway promoting cancer. Integrin-mediated signals are expected to be greatly influenced by biofilm. Integrins are identified as an important dimer, whose dysfunction may alter the signalling cascade specially focusing on TGF-β, PI3K/Akt/mToR, MAPK and Wnt pathway. Along with biofilm shield, the tumour gains greater resistance from radiation, chemotherapy and also from other antibiotics. The biofilm barrier is known to cause challenges for CRC patients undergoing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaijayanthi Saravanan
- MGM Advanced Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidhyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinoj Gopalakrishnan
- MGM Advanced Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidhyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajan Vaithianathan
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidhyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowmya Srinivasan
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidhyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jandl B, Dighe S, Gasche C, Makristathis A, Muttenthaler M. Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0013323. [PMID: 38995034 PMCID: PMC11391705 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Yan Z, Yeo J. Competing mechanisms in bacterial invasion of human colon mucus probed with agent-based modeling. Biophys J 2024; 123:1838-1845. [PMID: 38824388 PMCID: PMC11630638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a vast community of microorganisms, termed the gut microbiota. Large colonies can pose a health threat, but the gastrointestinal mucus system protects epithelial cells from microbiota invasion. The human colon features a bilayer of mucus lining. Due to imbalances in intestinal homeostasis, bacteria may successfully penetrate the inner mucus layer, which can lead to severe gut diseases. However, it is hard to tease apart the competing mechanisms that lead to this penetration. To probe the conditions that permit bacteria penetration into the inner mucus layer, we develop an agent-based model consisting of bacteria and an inner mucus layer subject to a constant flux of nutrient fields feeding the bacteria. We find that there are three important variables that determine bacterial invasion: the bacterial reproduction rate, the contact energy between bacteria and mucus, and the rate of bacteria degrading the mucus. Under healthy conditions, all bacteria are naturally eliminated by the constant removal of mucus. In diseased states, imbalances between the rates of bacterial degradation and mucus secretion lead to bacterial invasion at certain junctures. We conduct uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis to compare the relative impact between these parameters. The contact energy has the strongest influence on bacterial penetration, which, in combination with bacterial degradation rate and growth rate, greatly accelerates bacterial invasion of the human gut mucus lining. Our findings will serve as predictive indicators for the etiology of intestinal diseases and highlight important considerations when developing gut therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Yan
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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Liu Q, Wang X, Engstrand L, Sadr-Azodi O, Fall K, Brusselaers N. Maintenance proton pump inhibitor use and risk of colorectal cancer: a Swedish retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079591. [PMID: 38960460 PMCID: PMC11227764 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA) associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in a large nationwide cohort. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING This research was conducted at the national level, encompassing the entire population of Sweden. PARTICIPANTS This study utilised Swedish national registries to identify all adults who had ≥180 days of cumulative PPI use between July 2005 and December 2012, excluding participants who were followed up for less than 1 year. A total of 754 118 maintenance PPI users were included, with a maximum follow-up of 7.5 years. INTERVENTIONS Maintenance PPI use (cumulative≥180 days), with a comparator of maintenance histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the risk of CRA, presented as standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the impact of indications, tumour locations, tumour stages and the duration of follow-up. A multivariable Poisson regression model was fitted to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs of PPI versus H2RA use. RESULTS Maintenance PPI users exhibited a slightly elevated risk of CRA compared to the general population (SIR 1.10, 95% CI=1.06 to 1.13) for both men and women. Individuals aged 18-39 (SIR 2.79, 95% CI=1.62 to 4.47) and 40-49 (SIR 2.02, 95% CI=1.65 to 2.45) had significantly higher risks than the general population. Right-sided CRA showed a higher risk compared to the general population (SIR 1.26, 95% CI=1.20 to 1.32). There was no significant difference in the risk of CRA between maintenance PPI users and maintenance H2RA users (IRR 1.05, 95% CI=0.87 to 1.27, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maintenance PPI use may be associated with an increased risk of CRA, but a prolonged observation time is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Omid Sadr-Azodi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Capio Saint Göran Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nele Brusselaers
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Global Health Institute, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
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Yi R, Yang B, Zhu H, Sun Y, Wu H, Wang Z, Lu Y, He YW, Tian J. Quorum-Sensing Signal DSF Inhibits the Proliferation of Intestinal Pathogenic Bacteria and Alleviates Inflammatory Response to Suppress DSS-Induced Colitis in Zebrafish. Nutrients 2024; 16:1562. [PMID: 38892496 PMCID: PMC11173708 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of gut microbiota is an important factor leading to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diffusible signal factor (DSF) is a novel quorum-sensing signal that regulates bacterial growth, metabolism, pathogenicity, and host immune response. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of DSF in a zebrafish colitis model induced by sodium dextran sulfate (DSS). The results showed that intake of DSF can significantly improve intestinal symptoms in the zebrafish colitis model, including ameliorating the shortening of the intestine, reducing the increase in the goblet cell number, and restoring intestinal pathological damage. DSF inhibited the upregulation of inflammation-related genes and promoted the expression of claudin1 and occludin1 to protect the tightness of intestinal tissue. The gut microbiome analysis demonstrated that DSF treatment helped the gut microbiota of the zebrafish colitis model recover to normal at the phylum and genus levels, especially in terms of pathogenic bacteria; DSF treatment downregulated the relative abundance of Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus, and it was confirmed in microbiological experiments that DSF could effectively inhibit the colonization and infection of these two pathogens in the intestine. This study suggests that DSF can alleviate colitis by inhibiting the proliferation of intestinal pathogens and inflammatory responses in the intestine. Therefore, DSF has the potential to become a dietary supplement that assists in the antibiotic and nutritional treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiya Yi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Y.); (B.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Y.); (B.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Y.); (B.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Y.); (B.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hailan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Y.); (B.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Y.); (B.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Y.); (B.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Development Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Y.); (B.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
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11
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Wang S, Kou GJ, Zhao XH, Huang G, Wang JX, Tian L, Zuo XL, Li YQ, Wang JY, Yu YB. Altered mucosal bacteria and metabolomics in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:25. [PMID: 38678229 PMCID: PMC11056063 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of pigmented spots, gastrointestinal polyps and increased susceptibility to cancers. Currently, most studies have investigated intestinal microbiota through fecal microbiota, and there are few reports about mucosa-associated microbiota. It remains valuable to search for the key intestinal microbiota or abnormal metabolic pathways linked to PJS. AIM This study aimed to assess the structure and composition of mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with PJS and to explore the potential influence of intestinal microbiota disorders and metabolite changes on PJS. METHODS The bacterial composition was analyzed in 13 PJS patients and 12 controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) for bacteria. Differential analyses of the intestinal microbiota were performed from the phylum to species level. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS) was used to detect the differentially abundant metabolites of PJS patients and controls to identify different metabolites and metabolic biomarkers of small intestinal mucosa samples. RESULTS High-throughput sequencing confirmed the special characteristics and biodiversity of the mucosa microflora in patients with PJS. They had lower bacterial biodiversity than controls. The abundance of intestinal mucosal microflora was significantly lower than that of fecal microflora. In addition, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and other pathways were significantly different from those of controls, which were associated with the development of the enteric nervous system, intestinal inflammation and development of tumors. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the mucosa-associated microbiota and metabolite profile of subjects with PJS, which may be meaningful to provide a structural basis for further research on intestinal microecology in PJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Jun Kou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue-Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Bo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Chai L, Shank EA, Zaburdaev V. Where bacteria and eukaryotes meet. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0004923. [PMID: 38289062 PMCID: PMC10882991 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00049-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The international workshop "Interdisciplinary life of microbes: from single cells to multicellular aggregates," following a virtual preassembly in November 2021, was held in person in Dresden, from 9 to 13 November 2022. It attracted not only prominent experts in biofilm research but also researchers from broadly neighboring disciplines, such as medicine, chemistry, and theoretical and experimental biophysics, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Focused brainstorming sessions were the special feature of the event and are at the heart of this commentary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liraz Chai
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elizabeth A. Shank
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vasily Zaburdaev
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
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Olovo CV, Wiredu Ocansey DK, Ji Y, Huang X, Xu M. Bacterial membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341670. [PMID: 38666762 PMCID: PMC11057571 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating condition of relapsing and remitting inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Conventional therapeutic approaches for IBD have shown limited efficacy and detrimental side effects, leading to the quest for novel and effective treatment options for the disease. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanosized lipid particles secreted by lysis or blebbing processes from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These vesicles, known to carry bioactive components, are facsimiles of the parent bacterium and have been implicated in the onset and progression, as well as in the amelioration of IBD. This review discusses the overview of MVs and their impact in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD. We further discuss the technical challenges facing this research area and possible research questions addressing these challenges. We summarize recent advances in the diverse relationship between IBD and MVs, and the application of this knowledge as a viable and potent therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxiang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Yang S, Li X, Cang W, Mu D, Ji S, An Y, Wu R, Wu J. Biofilm tolerance, resistance and infections increasing threat of public health. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:233-247. [PMID: 37933277 PMCID: PMC10625689 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.11.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms can cause chronic infection. In the clinical setting, the biofilm-related infections usually persist and reoccur; the main reason is the increased antibiotic resistance of biofilms. Traditional antibiotic therapy is not effective and might increase the threat of antibiotic resistance to public health. Therefore, it is urgent to study the tolerance and resistance mechanism of biofilms to antibiotics and find effective therapies for biofilm-related infections. The tolerance mechanism and host reaction of biofilm to antibiotics are reviewed, and bacterial biofilm related diseases formed by human pathogens are discussed thoroughly. The review also explored the role of biofilms in the development of bacterial resistance mechanisms and proposed therapeutic intervention strategies for biofilm related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Xinfei Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Weihe Cang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Delun Mu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Shuaiqi Ji
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Yuejia An
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
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Guo H, Fu X, He J, Wang R, Yan M, Wang J, Dong P, Huang L, Zhang D. Gut bacterial consortium enriched in a biofloc system protects shrimp against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:230. [PMID: 37858205 PMCID: PMC10585862 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shrimp cultured in a biofloc system (BFS) have a lower disease incidence than those farmed in a water exchange system (WES). Although a number of studies have reported that the gut bacterial community induced by BFS is highly associated with shrimp disease resistance, the causal relationship remains unknown. Here, the promotive roles of gut bacterial community induced by BFS in pathogenic Vibrio infection resistance and its potential micro-ecological and physiological mechanisms were investigated by gut bacterial consortium transplantation and synthetic community (SynCom) construction. RESULTS The BFS induced a more stable and resistant gut bacterial community, and significantly enriched some beneficial bacterial taxa, such as Paracoccus, Ruegeria, Microbacterium, Demequina, and Tenacibaculum. Transplantation of a gut bacterial consortium from BFS shrimp (EnrichBFS) greatly enhanced the stability of the bacterial community and resistance against pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus infection in WES shrimp, while transplantation of a gut bacterial consortium from WES shrimp significantly disrupted the bacterial community and increased pathogen susceptibility in both WES and BFS shrimp. The addition of EnrichBFS in shrimp postlarvae also improved the pathogen resistance through increasing the relative abundances of beneficial bacterial taxa and stability of bacterial community. The corresponding strains of five beneficial bacterial taxa enriched in BFS shrimp were isolated to construct a SynComBFS. The addition of SynComBFS could not only suppress disease development, but also improve shrimp growth, boost the digestive and immune activities, and restore health in diseased shrimp. Furthermore, the strains of SynComBFS well colonized shrimp gut to maintain a high stability of bacterial community. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals an important role for native microbiota in protecting shrimp from bacterial pathogens and provides a micro-ecological regulation strategy towards the development of probiotics to ameliorate aquatic animal diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Xuezhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jikun He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mengchen Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Pengsheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Demin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Maddela NR, Abiodun AS, Zhang S, Prasad R. Biofouling in Membrane Bioreactors-Mitigation and Current Status: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5643-5668. [PMID: 36418712 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biological fouling as termed biofouling is caused by varied living organisms and is difficult to eliminate from the environment thus becoming a major issue during membrane bioreactors. Biofouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is a crucial problem in increasing liquid pressure due to reduced pore diameter, clogging of the membrane pores, and alteration of the chemical composition of the water which greatly limits the growth of MBRs. Thus, membrane biofouling and/or microbial biofilms is a hot research topic to improve the market competitiveness of the MBR technology. Though several antibiofouling strategies (addition of bioflocculant or sponge into MBRs) came to light, biological approaches are sustainable and more practicable. Among the biological approaches, quorum sensing-based biofouling control (so-called quorum quenching) is an interesting and promising tool in combating biofouling issues in the MBRs. Several review articles have been published in the area of membrane biofouling and mitigation approaches. However, there is no single source of information about biofouling and/or biofilm formation in different environmental settings and respective problems, antibiofilm strategies and current status, quorum quenching, and its futurity. Thus, the objectives of the present review were to provide latest insights on mechanism of membrane biofouling, quorum sensing molecules, biofilm-associated problems in different environmental setting and antibiofilm strategies, special emphasis on quorum quenching, and its futurity in the biofilm/biofouling control. We believe that these insights greatly help in the better understanding of biofouling and aid in the development of sustainable antibiofouling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Maddela
- Departmento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - Aransiola Sesan Abiodun
- Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India.
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Cheng T, Xu C, Shao J. Updated immunomodulatory roles of gut flora and microRNAs in inflammatory bowel diseases. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1015-1031. [PMID: 36385416 PMCID: PMC9668223 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a heterogeneous intestinal inflammatory disorder, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Existing studies have shown that the pathogenesis of IBD is closely related to the host's genetic susceptibility, intestinal flora disturbance and mucosal immune abnormalities, etc. It is generally believed that there are complicated interactions between host immunity and intestinal microflora/microRNAs during the occurrence and progression of IBD. Intestinal flora is mainly composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses and helminths. These commensals are highly implicated in the maintenance of intestinal microenvironment homeostasis alone or in combination. MiRNA is an endogenous non-coding small RNA with a length of 20 to 22 nucleotides, which can perform a variety of biological functions by silencing or activating target genes through complementary pairing bonds. A large quantity of miRNAs are involved in intestinal inflammation, mucosal barrier integrity, autophagy, vesicle transportation and other small RNA alterations in IBD circumstance. In this review, the immunomodulatory roles of gut flora and microRNAs are updated in the occurrence and progression of IBD. Meanwhile, the gut flora and microRNA targeted therapeutic strategies as well as other immunomodulatory approaches including TNF-α monoclonal antibodies are also emphasized in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 433 Room, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 433 Room, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 433 Room, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Gowen R, Gamal A, Di Martino L, McCormick TS, Ghannoum MA. Modulating the Microbiome for Crohn's Disease Treatment. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:828-840. [PMID: 36702360 PMCID: PMC10152883 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The central role of the gut microbiota in the regulation of health and disease has been convincingly demonstrated. Polymicrobial interkingdom interactions between bacterial (the bacteriome) and fungal (the mycobiome) communities of the gut have become a prominent focus for development of potential therapeutic approaches. In addition to polymicrobial interactions, the complex gut ecosystem also mediates interactions between the host and the microbiota. These interactions are complex and bidirectional; microbiota composition can be influenced by host immune response, disease-specific therapeutics, antimicrobial drugs, and overall ecosystems. However, the gut microbiota also influences host immune response to a drug or therapy by potentially transforming the drug's structure and altering bioavailability, activity, or toxicity. This is especially true in cases where the gut microbiota has produced a biofilm. The negative ramifications of biofilm formation include alteration of gut permeability, enhanced antimicrobial resistance, and alteration of host immune response effectiveness. Natural modulation of the gut microbiota, using probiotic and prebiotic approaches, may also be used to affect the host microbiome, a type of "natural" modulation of the host microbiota composition. In this review, we discuss potential bidirectional interactions between microbes and host, and we describe the changes in gut microbiota induced by probiotic and prebiotic approaches as well as their potential clinical consequences, including biofilm formation. We outline a systematic approach to designing probiotics capable of altering the host microbiota in disease states, using Crohn's disease as a model chronic disease. Understanding how the effective changes in the microbiome may enhance treatment efficacy may unlock the possibility of modulating the gut microbiome to improve treatment using a natural approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Gowen
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ahmed Gamal
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Luca Di Martino
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud A Ghannoum
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Zhang Z, Zhao L, Zhou X, Meng X, Zhou X. Role of inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress in hypertension: New insights and potential therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1098725. [PMID: 36703963 PMCID: PMC9871625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1098725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is regarded as the most prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which have become a primary cause of death, and recent research has demonstrated that chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Both innate and adaptive immunity are now known to promote the elevation of blood pressure by triggering vascular inflammation and microvascular remodeling. For example, as an important part of innate immune system, classically activated macrophages (M1), neutrophils, and dendritic cells contribute to hypertension by secreting inflammatory cy3tokines. In particular, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) produced by activated T lymphocytes contribute to hypertension by inducing oxidative stress injury and endothelial dysfunction. However, the regulatory T cells and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) may have a protective role in hypertension. Although inflammation is related to hypertension, the exact mechanisms are complex and unclear. The present review aims to reveal the roles of inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress in the initiation and evolution of hypertension. We envisage that the review will strengthen public understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension and may provide new insights and potential therapeutic strategies for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Meng
- *Correspondence: Xianliang Zhou, ; Xu Meng,
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Jalalifar S, Mirzaei R, Motallebirad T, Razavi S, Talebi M. The Emerging Role of Probiotics and their Derivatives against Biofilm-Producing MRSA: A Scoping Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4959487. [PMID: 36605101 PMCID: PMC9810406 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4959487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main bacterial pathogens causing chronic infections, mainly because of its capacity to produce biofilm. Biofilm production is one of the underlying strategies for antibacterial drug resistance. Accordingly, preventing and attenuating biofilm production has become an emerging approach to controlling persistent infections. Therefore, this scoping review is aimed at surveying the published literature describing the usage of probiotics and their derivatives against biofilm-producing MRSA. Methods Updated literature searches were conducted across seven electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify all original published articles about probiotics against MRSA. In this regard, studies were summarized and analyzed in the present review. Results In the reviewed studies, various microorganisms and compounds were used as probiotics as follows: Lactobacillus species (8 studies), Enterococcus species (4 studies), Bacillus species (2 studies), Streptomyces species (2 studies), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1 study), Corynebacterium accolens (1 study), and Lactococcus lactis derived Nisin (3 studies). Based on our comprehensive search, 21 studies with eligibility criteria were included in the present review including 12 studies on clinical strains, 6 studies on ATCC, 2 studies simultaneously on clinical and standard strains, and finally 1 study on food sample. Conclusions Our study showed that there was an increasing trend in the number of publications reporting probiotics against biofilm-producing MRSA. The results of this scoping review could use to guide the undertaking of the subsequent systematic reviews. In summary, probiotics with antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties can use as an embedded agent in food products or as a biopharmaceutical in the prevention and treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Jalalifar
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Motallebirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Madhogaria B, Bhowmik P, Kundu A. Correlation between human gut microbiome and diseases. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2022; 1:180-191. [PMID: 38077626 PMCID: PMC10699709 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Human gut microbiome is a major source of human bacterial population and a significant contribution to both positive and harmful effects. Due to its involvement in a variety of interactions, gut microorganisms have a great impact on our health throughout our lives. The impact of gut microbial population is been studied intensively in last two decades. Extensive literature survey focusing developments in the field were searched in English language Electronic Databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Pubag, Google books, and Research Gate were mostly used to understand the role of human gut mirobiome and its role in different human diseases. Gut microbiome in healthy subjects differs from those who suffer from diseases. Type 2 diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic liver disease, and cardiometabolic diseases have all been linked to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Pathogenesis of many disorders is also linked to changes in gut microbiota. Other diseases like cancer, arithritis, autism, depression, anxiety, sleep disorder, HIV, hypertension, and gout are also related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. We focus in this review on recent studies looking into the link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and disease etiology. Research on how gut microbiota affects host metabolism has been changed in past decades from descriptive analyses to high throughput integrative omics data analysis such as metagenomics and metabolomics. Identification of molecular mechanisms behind reported associations is been carried out in human, animals, and cells for measure of host physiology and mechanics. Still many the mechanisms are not completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkha Madhogaria
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, West Bengal EM-4 Sector-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Bhowmik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Adamas University, Barrackpore-Barasat Road, 24 Paragnas North, Jagannathpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Atreyee Kundu
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, West Bengal EM-4 Sector-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
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22
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Nadalian B, Nadalian B, Houri H, Shahrokh S, Abdehagh M, Yadegar A, Ebrahimipour G. Phylogrouping and characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from colonic biopsies and fecal samples of patients with flare of inflammatory bowel disease in Iran. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:985300. [PMID: 36106322 PMCID: PMC9464868 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.985300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still poorly understood, Escherichia coli has been described as a potential causative microorganism in IBD pathogenesis and also disease progression, offering a potential therapeutic target for disease management. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the pathotypes, phylogenetic groups, and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from patients with IBD in Iran. Methods Fecal and biopsy colonic samples were collected from IBD patients experiencing flare-up episodes referred to Taleghani hospital in Tehran, Iran, between August 2020 and January 2021. Identification of E. coli strains was performed based on biochemical and molecular methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Phylogrouping and pathotyping of each isolate were carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assays. Results A total of 132 non-duplicate E. coli strains were isolated from 113 IBD patients, including 96 ulcerative colitis (UC), and 17 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. In our study, 55% of CD-related E. coli and 70.5% of UC-related isolates were non-susceptible to at least three or more unique antimicrobial classes, and were considered as multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. E. coli strains exhibited a high level of resistance to cefazolin, ampicillin, tetracycline, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and cefotaxime. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) were the most prevalent pathotypes, and groups B2 and D were the predominant phylogroups. Conclusion In the present study, we found that E. coli strains that colonize the gut of Iranian patients with IBD most frequently belonged to phylogenetic groups B2 and D. We also conclude that E. coli isolates from IBD patients have been revealed to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics, in which most of them harbored strains that would be categorized as MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Nadalian
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Nadalian
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Houri
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdehagh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abbas Yadegar, ;
| | - Gholamhossein Ebrahimipour
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Gholamhossein Ebrahimipour,
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Kang GU, Park S, Jung Y, Jee JJ, Kim MS, Lee S, Lee DW, Shin JH, Koh H. Exploration of Potential Gut Microbiota-Derived Biomarkers to Predict the Success of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort in Korea. Gut Liver 2022; 16:775-785. [PMID: 35975640 PMCID: PMC9474483 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Although fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been proven as one of the promising treatments for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), potential prognostic markers regarding the clinical outcomes of FMT remain elusive. Methods We collected fecal samples of 10 participants undergoing FMT to treat UC and those from the corresponding donors. We categorized them into two groups: responders and nonresponders. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was conducted on the samples to explore bacterial composition. Results Analyzing the gut microbiota of patients who showed different outcomes in FMT presented a distinct microbial niche. Source tracking analysis showed the nonresponder group had a higher rate of preservation of donor microbiota, underscoring that engraftment degrees are not one of the major drivers for the success of FMT. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes bacteria were significantly depleted (p<0.003), and three genera, including Enterococcus, Rothia, and Pediococcus, were enriched in the responder group before FMT (p=0.003, p=0.025, and p=0.048, respectively). Furthermore, we applied a machine learning algorithm to build a prediction model that might allow the prediction of FMT outcomes, which yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.844. Notably, the microbiota-based model was much better at predicting outcomes than the clinical features model (area under the ROC curve=0.531). Conclusions This study is the first to suggest the significance of indigenous microbiota of recipients as a critical factor. The result highlights that bacterial composition should be evaluated before FMT to select suitable patients and achieve better efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Ung Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sowon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeongyun Jung
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jai J Jee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Sueng Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071315. [PMID: 35889034 PMCID: PMC9319314 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are two pathologies that share a bidirectional causal nexus, as CDI is known to have an aggravating effect on IBD and IBD is a known risk factor for CDI. The colonic involvement in IBD not only renders the host more prone to an initial CDI development but also to further recurrences. Furthermore, IBD flares, which are predominantly set off by a CDI, not only create a need for therapy escalation but also prolong hospital stay. For these reasons, adequate and comprehensive management of CDI is of paramount importance in patients with IBD. Microbiological diagnosis, correct evaluation of clinical status, and consideration of different treatment options (from antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation to monoclonal antibodies) carry pivotal importance. Thus, the aim of this article is to review the risk factors, diagnosis, and management of CDI in patients with IBD.
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25
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Murray ER, Kemp M, Nguyen TT. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Taxonomic Alterations and Potential Avenues for Interventions. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:595-607. [PMID: 35202456 PMCID: PMC9035085 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiota-gut-brain axis encompasses a bidirectional communication system that allows the gut to influence the brain via neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic signaling. Differences in the gut microbiome have been associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's Disease (ad). Understanding these ad-associated alterations may offer novel insight into the pathology and treatment of ad. METHOD We conducted a narrative review of clinical studies investigating the gut microbiome in ad, organizing the results by phyla to understand the biological contributions of the gut microbial community to ad pathology and clinical features. We also reviewed randomized clinical trials of interventions targeting the microbiome to ameliorate ad symptoms and biomarkers. RESULTS Alpha diversity is reduced in patients with ad. Within Firmicutes, taxa that produce beneficial metabolites are reduced in ad, including Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, and Eubacterium. Within Bacteroidetes, findings were mixed, with studies showing either reduced or increased abundance of Bacteroides in mild cognitive impairment or ad patients. Proteobacteria that produce toxins tend to be increased in ad patients, including Escherichia/Shigella. A Mediterranean-ketogenic dietary intervention significantly increased beneficial short-chain fatty acids and taxa that were inversely correlated with changes in ad pathological markers. Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. improved cognitive function and reduced inflammatory and metabolic markers in patients with ad. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome may provide insight into ad pathology and be a novel target for intervention. Potential therapeutics include probiotics and dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Murray
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mylon Kemp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tanya T Nguyen
- Corresponding author at: Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0664, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Tel.: +(858)-246-5347; fax: +(858)-543-5475.E-mail address: (T.T. Nguyen)
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Abstract
Hypertension is a worldwide problem with major impacts on health including morbidity and mortality, as well as consumption of health care resources. Nearly 50% of American adults have high blood pressure, and this rate is rising. Even with multiple antihypertensive drugs and aggressive lifestyle modifications, blood pressure is inadequately controlled in about 1 of 5 hypertensive individuals. This review highlights a hypothesis for hypertension that suggests alternative mechanisms for blood pressure elevation and maintenance. A better understanding of these mechanisms could open avenues for more successful treatments. The hypothesis accounts for recent understandings of the involvement of gut physiology, gut microbiota, and neuroinflammation in hypertension. It includes bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and gut epithelium in the gut-brain axis that is involved in regulation of autonomic nervous system activity and blood pressure control. Dysfunction of this gut-brain axis, including dysbiosis of gut microbiota, gut epithelial dysfunction, and deranged input to the brain, contributes to hypertension via inflammatory mediators, metabolites, bacteria in the circulation, afferent information alterations, etc resulting in neuroinflammation and unbalanced autonomic nervous system activity that elevates blood pressure. This in turn negatively affects gut function and its microbiota exacerbating the problem. We focus this review on the gut-brain axis hypothesis for hypertension and possible contribution to racial disparities in hypertension. A novel idea, that immunoglobulin A-coated bacteria originating in the gut with access to the brain could be involved in hypertension, is raised. Finally, minocycline, with its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, is evaluated as a potential antihypertensive drug acting on this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Richards
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bruce R Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Mediators of the initiation, development, and recurrence of periodontitis include the oral microbiome embedded in subgingival plaque and the host immune response to a dysbiosis within this dynamic and complex microbial community. Although mediators have been studied extensively, researchers in the field have been unable to fully ascribe certain clinical presentations of periodontitis to their nature. Emergence of high-throughput sequencing technologies has resulted in better characterization of the microbial oral dysbiosis that extends beyond the extensively studied putative bacterial periodontopathogens to a shift in the oral virome composition during disease conditions. Although the biological dark matter inserted by retroviruses was once believed to be nonfunctional, research has revealed that it encodes historical viral-eukaryotic interactions and influences host development. The objective of this review is to evaluate the proposed association of herpesviruses to the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease and survey the highly abundant prokaryotic viruses to delineate their potential roles in biofilm dynamics, as well as their interactions with putative bacterial periodontopathogens and eukaryotic cells. The findings suggest that potential novel periodontal therapies targeting or utilizing the oral virome can alleviate certain clinical presentations of periodontitis. Perhaps it is time to embrace the viral dark matter within the periodontal environment to fully comprehend the pathogenesis and systemic implications of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Martínez
- Orofacial Sciences DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Orofacial Sciences DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Life Science DentistryThe Nippon Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Orofacial Sciences DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Bhattarai A, Kowalczyk W, Tran TN. A literature review on large intestinal hyperelastic constitutive modeling. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 88:105445. [PMID: 34416632 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impacts, traumas and strokes are spontaneously life-threatening, but chronic symptoms strangle patient every day. Colorectal tissue mechanics in such chronic situations not only regulates the physio-psychological well-being of the patient, but also confirms the level of comfort and post-operative clinical outcomes. Numerous uniaxial and multiaxial tensile experiments on healthy and affected samples have evidenced significant differences in tissue mechanical behavior and strong colorectal anisotropy across each layer in thickness direction and along the length. Furthermore, this study reviewed various forms of passive constitutive models for the highly fibrous colorectal tissue ranging from the simplest linearly elastic and the conventional isotropic hyperelastic to the most sophisticated second harmonic generation image based anisotropic mathematical formulation. Under large deformation, the isotropic description of tissue mechanics is unequivocally ineffective which demands a microstructural based tissue definition. Therefore, the information collected in this review paper would present the current state-of-the-art in colorectal biomechanics and profoundly serve as updated computational resources to develop a sophisticated characterization of colorectal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroj Bhattarai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Saarland, Germany
| | | | - Thanh Ngoc Tran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Saarland, Germany.
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New Evidence for Artemisia absinthium L. Application in Gastrointestinal Ailments: Ethnopharmacology, Antimicrobial Capacity, Cytotoxicity, and Phenolic Profile. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9961089. [PMID: 34335850 PMCID: PMC8324356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9961089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae) is traditionally used for gastrointestinal ailments and disorders linked to numerous risk factors including microbial infections. We aimed to provide contemporary evidence for its ethnopharmacological use and determine its antimicrobial capacity and mode of action, cytotoxicity, and phenolic constituents. Ethnopharmacological survey was conducted using semistructured interviews. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm capacities were determined by microdilution/crystal violet assay, respectively. Modes of action tested include estimation of exopolysaccharide production (congo red binding assay) and interference with membrane integrity (crystal violet uptake and nucleotide leakage assay). Cytotoxicity was determined using crystal violet assay. Polyphenolic profiling was done by advanced liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS). Artemisia absinthium in Serbia is traditionally used for gastrointestinal disorders, among others. Further study revealed high antifungal capacity of herb ethanolic extract towards range of Candida species (MIC 0.5–1 mg/mL) along with promising antibacterial activities (MIC 0.25–4 mg/mL). Interference with membrane integrity could be observed as a possible antimicrobial mechanism. Antibiofilm potential can be considered as high (towards C. krusei) to limited (towards P. aeruginosa) and moderate based on reduction in exopolysaccharide content. In concentrations up to 400 µg/mL, no cytotoxicity was observed towards HaCaT and HGF-1 cell lines. Polyphenolic analysis revealed twenty-one different constituents. A. absinthium usage as a gastrointestinal ailment remedy has been confirmed in vitro by its antimicrobial capacity towards microorganisms whose presence is linked to the diseases and associated complications and noncytotoxic nature of the natural product. The observed activities could be attributed to the present phenolic compounds.
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Hetemäki I, Jian C, Laakso S, Mäkitie O, Pajari AM, de Vos WM, Arstila TP, Salonen A. Fecal Bacteria Implicated in Biofilm Production Are Enriched and Associate to Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With APECED - A Pilot Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668219. [PMID: 34367134 PMCID: PMC8339580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Aims APECED is a rare autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the Autoimmune Regulator gene. A significant proportion of patients also have gastrointestinal symptoms, including malabsorption, chronic diarrhea, and obstipation. The pathological background of the gastrointestinal symptoms remains incompletely understood and involves multiple factors, with autoimmunity being the most common underlying cause. Patients with APECED have increased immune responses against gut commensals. Our objective was to evaluate whether the intestinal microbiota composition, predicted functions or fungal abundance differ between Finnish patients with APECED and healthy controls, and whether these associate to the patients' clinical phenotype and gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods DNA was isolated from fecal samples from 15 patients with APECED (median age 46.4 years) together with 15 samples from body mass index matched healthy controls. DNA samples were subjected to analysis of the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, imputed metagenomics using the PICRUSt2 algorithm, and quantitative PCR for fungi. Extensive correlations of the microbiota with patient characteristics were determined. Results Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that both alpha- and beta-diversity were altered in patients with APECED compared to healthy controls. The fraction of Faecalibacterium was reduced in patients with APECED while that of Atopobium spp. and several gram-negative genera previously implicated in biofilm formation, e.g. Veillonella, Prevotella, Megasphaera and Heamophilus, were increased in parallel to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis in imputed metagenomics. The differences in gut microbiota were linked to patient characteristics, especially the presence of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions Gut microbiota of patients with APECED is altered and enriched with predominantly gram-negative bacterial taxa that may promote biofilm formation and lead to increased exposure to LPS in the patients. The most pronounced alterations in the microbiota were associated with more severe gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iivo Hetemäki
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Laakso
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - T. Petteri Arstila
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Zeng XY, Li M. Looking into key bacterial proteins involved in gut dysbiosis. World J Methodol 2021; 11:130-143. [PMID: 34322365 PMCID: PMC8299906 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in health and has been linked to many diseases. With the rapid accumulation of pyrosequencing data of the bacterial composition, the causal-effect relationship between specific dysbiosis features and diseases is now being explored. The aim of this review is to describe the key functional bacterial proteins and antigens in the context of dysbiosis related-diseases. We subjectively classify the key functional proteins into two categories: Primary key proteins and secondary key proteins. The primary key proteins mainly act by themselves and include biofilm inhibitors, toxin degraders, oncogene degraders, adipose metabolism modulators, anti-inflammatory peptides, bacteriocins, host cell regulators, adhesion and invasion molecules, and intestinal barrier regulators. The secondary key proteins mainly act by eliciting host immune responses and include flagellin, outer membrane proteins, and other autoantibody-related antigens. Knowledge of key bacterial proteins is limited compared to the rich microbiome data. Understanding and focusing on these key proteins will pave the way for future mechanistic level cause-effect studies of gut dysbiosis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumors, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Jia PP, Junaid M, Wen PP, Yang YF, Li WG, Yang XG, Pei DS. Role of germ-free animal models in understanding interactions of gut microbiota to host and environmental health: A special reference to zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116925. [PMID: 33744636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous pieces of evidence documented the importance of gut microbiota in regulating human health and evaluating the toxicity of environmental pollutants, which are closely related to the host health in various aspects, including nutrition, energy translation, metabolism, pathogen resistance, and immune function. A variety of environmental factors can disrupt gut microbiota and their functions, and inevitably cause immune diseases, obesity and diabetes. However, deciphering the inner mechanisms involved in the functional interaction of gut microbes with host health is still needed extensive investigations. This review focused on the essential roles of intestinal microbes in host-related diseases and highlighted the development and applications of germ-free (GF) animal models, mainly zebrafish. Moreover, the generation, immunity characters, advantages and challenges of GF zebrafish models were also summarized. Importantly, the composition and isolation of zebrafish gut bacteria for further application and toxicity evaluation of aquatic environmental pollutants were also discussed. In conclusion, GF zebrafish play irreplaceable roles in understanding the potential functions and responses of customized microbiota towards human and environmental health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ping-Ping Wen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xian-Guang Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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Schulze A, Mitterer F, Pombo JP, Schild S. Biofilms by bacterial human pathogens: Clinical relevance - development, composition and regulation - therapeutical strategies. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2021; 8:28-56. [PMID: 33553418 PMCID: PMC7841849 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.02.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Notably, bacterial biofilm formation is increasingly recognized as a passive virulence factor facilitating many infectious disease processes. In this review we will focus on bacterial biofilms formed by human pathogens and highlight their relevance for diverse diseases. Along biofilm composition and regulation emphasis is laid on the intensively studied biofilms of Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp., which are commonly used as biofilm model organisms and therefore contribute to our general understanding of bacterial biofilm (patho-)physiology. Finally, therapeutical intervention strategies targeting biofilms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Schulze
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- A.S. and F.M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Fabian Mitterer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- A.S. and F.M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Joao P. Pombo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence Biohealth – University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Ishikawa T, Omori T, Kikuchi K. Bacterial biomechanics-From individual behaviors to biofilm and the gut flora. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041504. [PMID: 33163845 PMCID: PMC7595747 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria inhabit a variety of locations and play important roles in the environment and health. Our understanding of bacterial biomechanics has improved markedly in the last decade and has revealed that biomechanics play a significant role in microbial biology. The obtained knowledge has enabled investigation of complex phenomena, such as biofilm formation and the dynamics of the gut flora. A bottom-up strategy, i.e., from the cellular to the macroscale, facilitates understanding of macroscopic bacterial phenomena. In this Review, we first cover the biomechanics of individual bacteria in the bulk liquid and on surfaces as the base of complex phenomena. The collective behaviors of bacteria in simple environments are next introduced. We then introduce recent advances in biofilm biomechanics, in which adhesion force and the flow environment play crucial roles. We also review transport phenomena in the intestine and the dynamics of the gut flora, focusing on that in zebrafish. Finally, we provide an overview of the future prospects for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Qi Y, Zang SQ, Wei J, Yu HC, Yang Z, Wu HM, Kang Y, Tao H, Yang MF, Jin L, Zen K, Wang FY. High-throughput sequencing provides insights into oral microbiota dysbiosis in association with inflammatory bowel disease. Genomics 2020; 113:664-676. [PMID: 33010388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing worldwide, the etiology remains elusive. Investigating oral microbiota dysbiosis is essential to understanding IBD pathogenesis. Our study evaluated variations in salivary microbiota and identified potential associations with IBD. The saliva microbiota of 22 IBD patients and 8 healthy controls (HCs) was determined using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and analyzed using QIIME2. A distinct saliva microbiota dysbiosis in IBD, characterized by alterations in microbiota biodiversity and composition, was identified. Saccharibacteria (TM7), Absconditabacteria (SR1), Leptotrichia, Prevotella, Bulleidia, and Atopobium, some of which are oral biofilm-forming bacteria, were significantly increased. Moreover, levels of inflammatory cytokines associated with IBD were elevated and positively correlated with TM7 and SR1. Functional variations include down-regulation of genetic information processing, while up-regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum in IBD. Our data implicate salivary microbiota dysbiosis involving in IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng-Qi Zang
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Chuan Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Min Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao-Fang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Zen
- School of life sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang-Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China..
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Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Ileoanal Pouches May Contribute to Clinical Symptoms, Particularly Stool Frequency, Independent of Endoscopic Disease Activity. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 10:1-7. [PMID: 31117112 PMCID: PMC6602764 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pouchitis is a common complication after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). However, there is a poor correlation between symptoms and endoscopic appearance of the pouch, and many patients can have debilitating symptoms in the absence of overt inflammation. It is unknown whether these clinical symptoms are independently associated with the microbiota. The objective of this work was to examine whether the individual clinical components of the pouch activity scoring systems are associated with specific microbiota. METHODS Pouch biopsies from 233 patients (50% male, 100% IPAA/ulcerative colitis) post-IPAA were included. Clinical phenotyping was performed, and patients were classified using both clinical and endoscopic components of the Pouch Activity Scale. Scoring for symptoms examined 24-hour stool frequency, urgency, incontinence, and rectal bleeding as described by the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index Score. RESULTS In the absence of inflammation, an increase in stool frequency reported over 24 hours was associated with a decrease in Bacteroidetes relative abundance, and this was the strongest association found. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis in inflamed groups showed that an increase in 24-hour stool frequency was associated with an increase in biofilm formation. DISCUSSION These findings indicate that in patients with IPAA, the composition of mucosa-associated microbiota of the pouch may contribute to clinical symptoms, particularly stool frequency, independent of endoscopic disease activity.
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Yang X, Lu D, Zhuo J, Lin Z, Yang M, Xu X. The Gut-liver Axis in Immune Remodeling: New insight into Liver Diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2357-2366. [PMID: 32760203 PMCID: PMC7378637 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.46405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota consists of a dynamic multispecies community of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoans, playing a fundamental role in the induction, training, and function of the host immune system. The liver is anatomically and physiologically linked to the gut microbiota via enterohepatic circulation, specifically receiving intestine-derived blood through the portal vein. The gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis of the gut-liver axis. A shift in gut microbiota composition can result in activation of the mucosal immune response causing homeostasis imbalance. This imbalance results in translocation of bacteria and migration of immune cells to the liver, which is related to inflammation-mediated liver injury and tumor progression. In this review, we outline the role of the gut microbiota in modulating host immunity and summarize novel findings and recent advances in immune-based therapeutics associated with the gut-liver axis. Moving forward, a deep understanding of the microbiome-immune-liver axis will provide insight into the basic mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis affecting liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianyong Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zuyuan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Modan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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38
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Liu CZ, Chen W, Wang MX, Wang Y, Chen LQ, Zhao F, Shi Y, Liu HJ, Dou XB, Liu C, Chen H. Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and American ginseng mixture: A Chinese herbal formulation for gut microbiota modulation. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:446-459. [PMID: 32503736 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A mixture of D. officinale and American ginseng has been shown to enhance cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, and monocyte/macrophage functions in mice. Here, the effects of a D. officinale and American ginseng mixture on the structure of gut microbial community in dogs were examined using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The data revealed that while the mixture did not change the diversity of gut microbial community significantly, differences among individuals were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the mixture-responsive operational taxonomic units (OTUs) exhibited a phase-dependent expression pattern. Fifty-five OTUs were found to exhibit a mixture-induced expression pattern, among which one third were short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera and the others were probiotic genera included Lactobacillus spp., Sutterella, Alistipes, Anaerovorax, Bilophila, Coprococcus, Gordonibacter, Oscillibacter, among others. By contrast, 36% of the OTUs exhibiting a mixture-repressed expression pattern were disease-associated microorganisms, and six genera, namely Actinomyces, Escherichia/Shigella, Fusobacterium, Slackia, Streptococcus and Solobacterium, were associated with cancer. In addition, five genera were closely associated with diabetes, namely Collinsella, Rothia, Howardella, Slackia and Intestinibacter. Our results indicate that this D. officinale and American ginseng mixture may be used as a prebiotic agent to enhance SCFA-producing genera and prevent gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhi Liu
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hangzhou Huqing yu tang Traditional Chinese Medicine Mordernize Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Mei-Xia Wang
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Hangzhou Huqing yu tang Traditional Chinese Medicine Mordernize Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ya Shi
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hui-Jun Liu
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Dou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Sun Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Huan Chen
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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Herath M, Hosie S, Bornstein JC, Franks AE, Hill-Yardin EL. The Role of the Gastrointestinal Mucus System in Intestinal Homeostasis: Implications for Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:248. [PMID: 32547962 PMCID: PMC7270209 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus is integral to gut health and its properties may be affected in neurological disease. Mucus comprises a hydrated network of polymers including glycosylated mucin proteins. We propose that factors that influence the nervous system may also affect the volume, viscosity, porosity of mucus composition and subsequently, gastrointestinal (GI) microbial populations. The gut has its own intrinsic neuronal network, the enteric nervous system, which extends the length of the GI tract and innervates the mucosal epithelium. The ENS regulates gut function including mucus secretion and renewal. Both dysbiosis and gut dysfunction are commonly reported in several neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease as well in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism. Since some microbes use mucus as a prominent energy source, changes in mucus properties could alter, and even exacerbate, dysbiosis-related gut symptoms in neurological disorders. This review summarizes existing knowledge of the structure and function of the mucus of the GI tract and highlights areas to be addressed in future research to better understand how intestinal homeostasis is impacted in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madushani Herath
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne Hosie
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisa L Hill-Yardin
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Colquhoun C, Duncan M, Grant G. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Host-Microbial-Environmental Interactions in Dysbiosis. Diseases 2020; 8:E13. [PMID: 32397606 PMCID: PMC7348996 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are world-wide health problems in which intestinal dysbiosis or adverse functional changes in the microbiome are causative or exacerbating factors. The reduced abundance and diversity of the microbiome may be a result of a lack of exposure to vital commensal microbes or overexposure to competitive pathobionts during early life. Alternatively, many commensal bacteria may not find a suitable intestinal niche or fail to proliferate or function in a protective/competitive manner if they do colonize. Bacteria express a range of factors, such as fimbriae, flagella, and secretory compounds that enable them to attach to the gut, modulate metabolism, and outcompete other species. However, the host also releases factors, such as secretory IgA, antimicrobial factors, hormones, and mucins, which can prevent or regulate bacterial interactions with the gut or disable the bacterium. The delicate balance between these competing host and bacteria factors dictates whether a bacterium can colonize, proliferate or function in the intestine. Impaired functioning of NOD2 in Paneth cells and disrupted colonic mucus production are exacerbating features of CD and UC, respectively, that contribute to dysbiosis. This review evaluates the roles of these and other the host, bacterial and environmental factors in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Grant
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.C.); (M.D.)
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Balakrishnan S, Ibrahim KS, Duraisamy S, Sivaji I, Kandasamy S, Kumarasamy A, Kumar NS. Antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles of Myristica fragrans seed extract against MDR Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from asymptomatic typhoid carriers and typhoid patients. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2844-2856. [PMID: 31836973 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, Salmonella infection poses a major public health problem. Here, we report antibiofilm activity and quorum sensing inhibition of aqueous seeds extract of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) isolated from typhoid patients and asymptomatic carriers. S. Typhi isolates revealed higher percentage (46%) of biofilm production identified by tissue culture plate (TCP) than Congo red agar (CRA) and tube adherence (TA) methods. The inhibition of biofilm-producing MDR S. Typhi isolates and pigment production of Chromobacterium violaceum (indicator bacteria) demonstrated the quorum sensing potential of nutmeg. The aqueous seed extract of nutmeg exhibited 87% of antibiofilm activity, while the biosynthesized AgNPs showed 99.1% of antibiofilm activity. Molecular docking studies of bioactive compounds of nutmeg against transcriptional regulatory protein RcsB and sensor kinase protein RcsC revealed interaction with the target proteins. It is proposed that biosynthesized AgNPs could be used as one of the effective candidates in treating asymptomatic typhoid carriers or typhoid patients and to control the subsistence of biofilm-producing S. Typhi strains or other pathogenic bacteria in the environment or industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Balakrishnan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar Campus, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Kalibulla Syed Ibrahim
- PG and Research Department of Botany, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Senbagam Duraisamy
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Ilakkia Sivaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Muthayammal College of Arts & Science, Rasipuram, Tamil Nadu, 637408, India
| | - Selvam Kandasamy
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Tamil Nadu, 637501, India
| | - Anbarasu Kumarasamy
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
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Does Soil Contribute to the Human Gut Microbiome? Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090287. [PMID: 31450753 PMCID: PMC6780873 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil and the human gut contain approximately the same number of active microorganisms, while human gut microbiome diversity is only 10% that of soil biodiversity and has decreased dramatically with the modern lifestyle. We tracked relationships between the soil microbiome and the human intestinal microbiome. We propose a novel environmental microbiome hypothesis, which implies that a close linkage between the soil microbiome and the human intestinal microbiome has evolved during evolution and is still developing. From hunter-gatherers to an urbanized society, the human gut has lost alpha diversity. Interestingly, beta diversity has increased, meaning that people in urban areas have more differentiated individual microbiomes. On top of little contact with soil and feces, hygienic measures, antibiotics and a low fiber diet of processed food have led to a loss of beneficial microbes. At the same time, loss of soil biodiversity is observed in many rural areas. The increasing use of agrochemicals, low plant biodiversity and rigorous soil management practices have a negative effect on the biodiversity of crop epiphytes and endophytes. These developments concur with an increase in lifestyle diseases related to the human intestinal microbiome. We point out the interference with the microbial cycle of urban human environments versus pre-industrial rural environments. In order to correct these interferences, it may be useful to adopt a different perspective and to consider the human intestinal microbiome as well as the soil/root microbiome as 'superorganisms' which, by close contact, replenish each other with inoculants, genes and growth-sustaining molecules.
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Aguilera-Correa JJ, Madrazo-Clemente P, Martínez-Cuesta MDC, Peláez C, Ortiz A, Sánchez-Niño MD, Esteban J, Requena T. Lyso-Gb3 modulates the gut microbiota and decreases butyrate production. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12010. [PMID: 31427622 PMCID: PMC6700068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficient activity of α-galactosidase A, leading to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids such as globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3). The gastrointestinal symptoms of this disease may be disabling, and the life expectancy of affected patients is shortened by kidney and heart disease. Our hypothesis was that lyso-Gb3 may modify the gut microbiota. The impact of a clinically relevant concentration of lyso-Gb3 on mono- or multispecies bacterial biofilms were evaluated. A complex bacterial community from the simulated transverse colon microbiota was studied using quantitative PCR to estimate different bacterial group concentrations and a HPLC was used to estimate short-chain fatty acids concentrations. We found that lyso-Gb3 increased the biofilm-forming capacity of several individual bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis and significantly increased the growth of B. fragilis in a multispecies biofilm. Lyso-Gb3 also modified the bacterial composition of the human colon microbiota suspension, increasing bacterial counts of B. fragilis, among others. Finally, lyso-Gb3 modified the formation of short-chain fatty acids, leading to a striking decrease in butyrate concentration. Lyso-Gb3 modifies the biology of gut bacteria, favoring the production of biofilms and altering the composition and short-chain fatty-acid profile of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Jairo Aguilera-Correa
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM. Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Madrazo-Clemente
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM. Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Martínez-Cuesta
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Peláez
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Nephrology Department. IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM. Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Esteban
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM. Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Requena
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Trait-based community assembly and succession of the infant gut microbiome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:512. [PMID: 30710083 PMCID: PMC6358638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome develops over early childhood and aids in food digestion and immunomodulation, but the mechanisms driving its development remain elusive. Here we use data curated from literature and online repositories to examine trait-based patterns of gut microbiome succession in 56 infants over their first three years of life. We also develop a new phylogeny-based approach of inferring trait values that can extend readily to other microbial systems and questions. Trait-based patterns suggest that infant gut succession begins with a functionally variable cohort of taxa, adept at proliferating rapidly within hosts, which gradually matures into a more functionally uniform cohort of taxa adapted to thrive in the anoxic gut and disperse between anoxic patches as oxygen-tolerant spores. Trait-based composition stabilizes after the first year, while taxonomic turnover continues unabated, suggesting functional redundancy in the traits examined. Trait-based approaches powerfully complement taxonomy-based approaches to understanding the mechanisms of microbial community assembly and succession. Recent efforts have been made to apply ecological theory on succession to understand the dynamics of human microbiomes throughout development. Here, Guittar et al. use a trait-based approach to show how microbial traits putatively related to dispersal and environmental tolerance shift in the infant microbiome over the first three years of life.
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Buret AG, Motta JP, Allain T, Ferraz J, Wallace JL. Pathobiont release from dysbiotic gut microbiota biofilms in intestinal inflammatory diseases: a role for iron? J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:1. [PMID: 30602371 PMCID: PMC6317250 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota interacting with an intact mucosal surface are key to the maintenance of homeostasis and health. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the biofilm mode of growth of these microbiota communities, and how in turn their disruptions may cause disease. Beyond alterations of relative microbial abundance and diversity, the aim of the review is to focus on the disruptions of the microbiota biofilm structure and function, the dispersion of commensal bacteria, and the mechanisms whereby these dispersed commensals may become pathobionts. Recent findings have linked iron acquisition to the expression of virulence factors in gut commensals that have become pathobionts. Causal studies are emerging, and mechanisms common to enteropathogen-induced disruptions, as well as those reported for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and colo-rectal cancer are used as examples to illustrate the great translational potential of such research. These new observations shed new light on our attempts to develop new therapies that are able to protect and restore gut microbiota homeostasis in the many disease conditions that have been linked to microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Gerald Buret
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Institute of Digestive Health Research, INSERM UMR1220, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Allain
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jose Ferraz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - John Lawrence Wallace
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
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46
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Wang H, Wei CX, Min L, Zhu LY. Good or bad: gut bacteria in human health and diseases. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1481350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Research Center of Biological Information, Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- Department of General Design, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chuan-Xian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lu Min
- Research Center of Biological Information, Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhu
- Research Center of Biological Information, Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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