Endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions in special situations

Table 1 Clinical details of case series on endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage

Ref.	Technical success	Clinical success	Complications
Shah et al[21] (n = 25)	Pancreatography, 100% Pancreatic rendezvous, 50% Pancreatic duct intervention, 71%	N/A	10.5% (pneumoperitoneum, severe pancreatitis)
Ergun et al[22] (n = 20)	Pancreaticogastrostomy, 79% Rendezvous, 100%	Long-term, 72% Mean FU time = 7 mo FU range: 3 mo to 120 mo	10% (bleeding, peripancreatic collection) Long-term: Stent dysfunction 50% (plastic stents in all cases)
Will et al[23] (n = 12)	Pancreaticogastrotomy and rendezvous, 69%	73.2% FU range: 1 mo to 72 mo	42.9% (bleeding, perforation, pain)
Tessier et al[24] (n = 36)	Pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticobulbostomy, 92%	69.4% Mean FU time = 14.5 mo FU range: 4 mo to 55 mo	13.2% (fluid collection, hematoma)
Fujii et al[25] (n = 43)	Pancreaticogastrostomy, (antegrade: 18, retrograde: 14) overall: 74%	83% Mean FU time = 23 mo	Major: 6% (bleeding, perforation), overall: 24%
Barkay et al[26] (n = 21)	Pancreatography, 86% Pancreatic duct drainage, 48%	70% Mean FU time = 1 yr	2% (peri-pancreatic abscess, guidewire shearing)

N/A: Data not available; FU: Follow-up.

Table 2 Clinical details of case series on endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage due to surgically altered anatomy

Ref.	Etiology	Procedure (technical success rate, %)	Complications
Iwashita et al[28] (n = 7)	Stone (n = 5) Stricture (n = 1) Malignant (n = 1)	Stone removal, 100% Dilation, 100% Stent placement, 100% (SEMS)	Minor: 28%
Itoi et al[29] (n = 14)	Stone (n = 14)	Single session clearance, 60% Overall clearance, 71.4%	None

SEMS: Self-expandable metallic stent.

Table 3 Case series on endoscopic ultrasound-guided abscess drainage

Ref.	Location of abscesses/size	Route of drainage	Complete resolution/complications
Mandai et al[40] (n = 4)	Post-operative abscess/4.5 cm to 7.0 cm	TG	100%/none
Hadithi et al[41] (n = 8)	Perirectal (n = 6), Perisigmoid (n = 2)/4.0 cm to 9.0 cm	TR	100%/none
Puri et al[42] (n = 30)	Periprostatic (n = 4) Perirectal (n = 19) Perisigmoid (n = 7)/2.5 cm to 5.4 cm	TR/TS	93.4%/none Re-intervention 16.5%
Varadarajulu et al[43] (n = 25)	Perirectal (n = 19), Perisigmoid (n = 6)/5.0 cm to 6.9 cm	TR/TS	96%/none Re-intervention 3%
Wehrmann et al[44] (n = 20)	Para-esophageal (n = 15)/> 2 cm	TE	95%/mortality 7%

N/A: Data not available; TG: Transgastric route; TR: Transrectal route; TS: Transigmoid route; TE: Transesophageal route.

Table 4 Case series on endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions in gastrointestinal oncology

Ref.	Diseases	Therapeutic interventions	Clinical response rate	Complications
Pai et al[70] (n = 8)	Pancreatic cyst (n = 6) Pancreatic NET (n = 2)	RFA	100% Complete, 20%	20% (pain)
Park do et al[71] (n = 11)	Pancreatic NET (n = 11)	Alcohol injection volume: 0.5 mL to 7.0 mL Mass size: 9 mm to 19 mm	61.50% Single session, 53.3%	36.30% (pancreatitis, pain)
DeWitt et al[72] (n = 22)	Pancreatic cyst (n = 22)	Alcohol + Paclitaxel Cyst size: 15 mm to 43 mm	Complete, 50% No response, 25%	13% (pancreatitis, peritonitis)
Oh et al[73] (n = 14)	Pancreatic cyst (n = 14)	Alcohol + Paclitaxel Mass size: 17 mm to 52 mm	Complete, 78%, No response, 7%	7% (pancreatitis)
Wang et al[74] (n = 23)	Pancreatic cancer (n = 23)	I125 seed	Partial pain control at 12 wk, 77.8%	12.50% (constipation, nausea/vomiting)

RFA: Radio frequency ablation; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor.