Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Feb 16, 2025; 17(2): 100722
Published online Feb 16, 2025. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i2.100722
Published online Feb 16, 2025. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i2.100722
Table 1 The basic characteristics of three groups, n (%)
| P group | 0.1EP group | 0.15EP group | P value | |
| Age (years) | 52.1 ± 11.4 | 49.6 ± 13.6 | 52.2 ± 12.9 | 0.213 |
| Sex | 0.686 | |||
| Male | 60 (54.5) | 59 (53.6) | 54 (49.1) | |
| Female | 50 (45.5) | 51 (46.4) | 56 (50.9) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 1.8 | 22.8 ± 2.0 | 22.8 ± 1.9 | 0.601 |
| MBP (mmHg) | 93.3 ± 13.9 | 90.4 ± 11.3 | 92.6 ± 11.4 | 0.183 |
| HR (bpm) | 74.8 ± 10.4 | 76.6 ± 11.6 | 74.8 ± 10.3 | 0.360 |
| SpO2 | 98.4 ± 1.3 | 98.6 ± 1.2 | 98.5 ± 1.0 | 0.389 |
| Smoking | 0.799 | |||
| Smokers | 37 (33.6) | 31 (28.1) | 36 (32.7) | |
| Previous smokers | 10 (9.1) | 15 (13.6) | 12 (10.9) | |
| Nonsmokers | 63 (57.3) | 64 (58.2) | 62 (56.4) | |
| ASA | 0.851 | |||
| 1 | 54 (49.1) | 47 (42.7) | 49 (44.5) | |
| 2 | 46 (41.8) | 54 (49.1) | 50 (45.5) | |
| 3 | 10 (9.1) | 9 (8.2) | 11 (10.0) |
Table 2 Comparison of adverse events in three groups, n (%)
| P group | 0.1EP group | 0.15EP group | P value | |
| Hypotension | 48 (36.4) | 32 (29.1)a | 13 (11.8)b,c | < 0.001 |
| Bradycardia Respiratory depression | 27 (24.5) | 15 (13.6)a | 9 (8.2)b | 0.002 |
| Slight | 34 (30.9) | 18 (16.3)a | 12 (10.9)b | 0.001 |
| Severe | 17 (15.5) | 11 (10.0) | 5 (4.5)b | 0.026 |
| Injection pain | < 0.001 | |||
| 0 score | 54 (49.1) | 73 (66.4)a | 89 (80.1)b,c | |
| 1 score | 33 (30.0) | 28 (25.5) | 19 (17.3)b | |
| 2 score | 19 (17.3) | 7 (6.4)a | 2 (1.8)b | |
| 3 score | 4 (3.6) | 2 (1.8) | 0 | |
| Myoclonus | 0.671 | |||
| 0 grade | 108 (98.2) | 105 (95.5) | 104 (94.5) | |
| 1 grade | 2 (1.8) | 4 (3.6) | 5 (4.5) | |
| 2 grade | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | |
| 3 grade | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Nausea | 18 (16.3) | 19 (17.3) | 13 (11.8) | 0.725 |
| Vomiting | 6 (5.5) | 8 (7.3) | 7 (6.3) | 0.581 |
Table 3 Comparison of perioperative duration and recovery in three groups
| P group | 0.1EP group | 0.15EP group | P value | |
| Induction time (minute) | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.4a | 1.1 ± 0.3b | < 0.01 |
| Duration of gastroscopy (minute) | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 6.1 ± 2.3 | 6.5 ± 2.8 | 0.154 |
| Duration of colonoscopy (minute) | 14.5 ± 6.5 | 13.8 ± 6.3 | 13.6 ± 7.0 | 0.557 |
| Awakening time (minute) | 3.7 ± 2.9 | 3.3 ± 2.8 | 3.3 ± 3.3 | 0.587 |
| Recovery time (minute) | 4.8 ± 2.1 | 4.5 ± 1.6 | 3.9 ± 1.4b,c | < 0.01 |
Table 4 Comparison of satisfaction in patients, endoscopists and anesthesiologists, n (%)
| P group | 0.1EP group | 0.15EP group | P value | |
| Patients | < 0.001 | |||
| Excellent | 72 (65.5) | 77 (70.0) | 98 (89.1)b,c | |
| General | 29 (26.4) | 28 (25.5) | 10 (9.1)b,c | |
| Bad | 9 (8.2) | 5 (4.5) | 2 (1.8)b | |
| Endoscopists | < 0.001 | |||
| Excellent | 77 (70.0) | 76 (69.1) | 95 (86.3)b,c | |
| General | 25 (22.7) | 31 (28.2) | 11 (10.0)b,c | |
| Bad | 8 (7.2) | 3 (2.7) | 4 (3.6) | |
| Anesthesiologists | < 0.001 | |||
| Excellent | 56 (50.9) | 68 (61.8) | 95 (86.3)b,c | |
| General | 43 (39.1) | 40 (36.3) | 13 (11.8)b,c | |
| Bad | 11 (10.0) | 2 (1.8)a | 2 (1.8)b |
- Citation: Luo HR, Chen AD, Lin JF, Ye P, Chen YJ, Lin MX, Chen PZ, Chen XH, Zheng XC. Effect of etomidate added to propofol target-controlled infusion in bidirectional endoscopy: A randomized clinical trial. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2025; 17(2): 100722
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v17/i2/100722.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v17.i2.100722