Minireviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Aug 16, 2017; 9(8): 368-377
Published online Aug 16, 2017. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v9.i8.368
Evolution of stereoscopic imaging in surgery and recent advances
Katie Schwab, Ralph Smith, Vanessa Brown, Martin Whyte, Iain Jourdan
Katie Schwab, Ralph Smith, Vanessa Brown, Iain Jourdan, Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit, Post Graduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, United Kingdom
Martin Whyte, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Schwab K wrote the initial paper; Smith R, Brown V, Whyte M and Jourdan I contributed to revisions and creation of the final version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Iain Jourdan, Consultant Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgeon and Senior Tutor, Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit, Post Graduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Manor Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, United Kingdom. iainjourdan@hotmail.com
Telephone: +44-1483-688691 Fax: +44-1483-688633
Received: January 28, 2017
Peer-review started: February 12, 2017
First decision: April 18, 2017
Revised: May 21, 2017
Accepted: June 30, 2017
Article in press: July 3, 2017
Published online: August 16, 2017
Processing time: 195 Days and 0.4 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: Capture of true stereopsis from the operative field is crucial for the subsequent projection of a high quality stereoptic image. The latest three-dimensional (3D) systems using dual channel stereoendoscopes and passive polarizing stereoscopic projection generate high quality 3D images for minimally invasive surgery. There is subjective and objective laboratory based evidence supporting use of 3D vs two-dimensional for surgeons of all experience. However, their clinical application has yet to be addressed with Level 1 evidence.