Copyright
©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jun 25, 2015; 7(7): 702-713
Published online Jun 25, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i7.702
Published online Jun 25, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i7.702
Endotherapy of leaks and fistula
Mahesh Kumar Goenka, Institute of Gastro Sciences, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata 700054, India
Usha Goenka, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata 700054, India
Author contributions: Both the authors contributed to this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest: We hereby declare that that we have no conflict of interest in relation to this review article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Mahesh Kumar Goenka, MD, DM, FACG, FASGE, Director, Institute of Gastro Sciences, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, 58 Canal Circular Road, Kolkata 700054, India. mkgkolkata@gmail.com
Telephone: +91-33-23203040 Fax: +91-33-23205218
Received: October 28, 2014
Peer-review started: November 1, 2014
First decision: February 7, 2015
Revised: March 5, 2015
Accepted: April 1, 2015
Article in press: April 7, 2015
Published online: June 25, 2015
Processing time: 252 Days and 14.2 Hours
Peer-review started: November 1, 2014
First decision: February 7, 2015
Revised: March 5, 2015
Accepted: April 1, 2015
Article in press: April 7, 2015
Published online: June 25, 2015
Processing time: 252 Days and 14.2 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Gastrointestinal (GI) leaks and fistula are increasingly recognized in our day to day practice. While these patients were earlier managed by surgical interventions, more and more such patients are now considered for endoscopic therapy. Endotherapy for GI leaks include endoclips (through the scope and over the scope), covered stents, fibrin glue, suture devices and more recently introduced endoscopic vacuum therapy using bioactive sponge. Since the experience with these modalities is limited, there are hardly any clear guidelines to treat these difficult patients. This review article deals with endotherapy of GI leaks and fistula and presents an updated experience as well some guidance to select appropriate modality.