Vezakis A, Fragulidis G, Polydorou A. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related perforations: Diagnosis and management. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 7(14): 1135-1141 [PMID: 26468337 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i14.1135]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Antonios Vezakis, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Academic Department of Surgery and Endoscopy Unit, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 76 Vas. Sofias Ave., Athens 11528, Greece. avezakis@hotmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Oct 10, 2015; 7(14): 1135-1141 Published online Oct 10, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i14.1135
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related perforations: Diagnosis and management
Antonios Vezakis, Georgios Fragulidis, Andreas Polydorou
Antonios Vezakis, Georgios Fragulidis, Andreas Polydorou, Academic Department of Surgery and Endoscopy Unit, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
Author contributions: Vezakis A, Fragulidis G and Polydorou A equally contributed to conception and design, acquisition of data, drafting, revision and final approval of the article.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No author has conflict of interest related to the manuscript.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Antonios Vezakis, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Academic Department of Surgery and Endoscopy Unit, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 76 Vas. Sofias Ave., Athens 11528, Greece. avezakis@hotmail.com
Telephone: +30-210-7286152 Fax: +30-213-0270352
Received: April 27, 2015 Peer-review started: April 30, 2015 First decision: July 25, 2015 Revised: July 31, 2015 Accepted: September 7, 2015 Article in press: September 8, 2015 Published online: October 10, 2015
Core Tip
Core tip: Perforation is one of the most feared complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy. The incidence of ERCP-related perforations is low (0.39%) with an associated mortality of 7.8%. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is responsible for 41% of perforations and endoscope manipulations for 26%. The mechanism, site and extent of injury, suggested by clinical and radiographic findings, should guide towards operative or non-operative management. Classification into types permits a tailored approach to management. Whilst surgery is usually indicated in patients with type I injuries, patients with type II or III injuries should be treated initially non-operatively. A minority of them will finally require surgical intervention.
