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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Apr 16, 2023; 15(4): 297-308
Published online Apr 16, 2023. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i4.297
Published online Apr 16, 2023. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i4.297
Causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in children based on endoscopic evaluation at a tertiary care center in Bahrain
Hasan M Isa, Fatema A Alkharsi, Department of Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 26671, Bahrain
Hasan M Isa, Department of Pediatrics, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
Hana A Ebrahim, Kamel J Walwil, Jumana A Diab, Department of Pediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
Nafelah M Alkowari, Department of Pediatrics, King Hamad University Hospital, Muharraq 24343, Bahrain
Author contributions: Isa HM was the main contributor in study design, literature review, data analysis, drafting manuscript, and over-sight for all phases of the project and the final approval of the version to be published; Alkharsi FA was responsible for literature review, data collection, drafting and revising manuscript; Ebrahim HA, Walwil KJ and Diab JA were responsible for literature review, data collection and revising manuscript; Alkowari NM was responsible for literature review, drafting and revising manuscript; All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was ethically approved by the Research and Research Ethics Committee, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government hospitals, Kingdom of Bahrain (IRB number: 6170122, January 17, 2022).
Informed consent statement: Consent was not needed as the study was retrospective without exposure to the patients’ data.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the Authors have no conflict of interest related to the manuscript.
Data sharing statement: Data are available upon reasonable request.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hasan M Isa, MBChB, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain.
Received: December 17, 2022
Peer-review started: December 17, 2022
First decision: January 12, 2023
Revised: January 23, 2023
Accepted: March 17, 2023
Article in press: March 17, 2023
Published online: April 16, 2023
Processing time: 117 Days and 13.3 Hours
Peer-review started: December 17, 2022
First decision: January 12, 2023
Revised: January 23, 2023
Accepted: March 17, 2023
Article in press: March 17, 2023
Published online: April 16, 2023
Processing time: 117 Days and 13.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: The incidence, clinical presentation, cause, and outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in children in Bahrain are unknown. We observed a significant increase in the annual incidence of GIB. Lower GIB (LGIB) was more common than upper GIB (UGIB). The most common cause of LGIB was inflammatory bowel disease. The most common cause of UGIB was gastritis. Causes of GIB varied with patient’s age and differed from that reported in other countries. No mortality was observed in any patient. These findings are essential to tailor management based on the most common causes and patient age.