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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Feb 16, 2022; 14(2): 63-76
Published online Feb 16, 2022. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v14.i2.63
Peroral cholangioscopy: Update on the state-of-the-art
Amith Subhash, James L Buxbaum, James H Tabibian
Amith Subhash, Department of Gastroenterology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV 89102, United States
James L Buxbaum, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, NV 90033, United States
James H Tabibian, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA 91342, United States
James H Tabibian, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, NV 90095, United States
Author contributions: Subhash A, Buxbaum JL, and Tabibian JH have all been involved in drafting the manuscript and/or making critical revisions; Subhash A, Buxbaum JL, and Tabibian JH meet the criteria for authorship established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and approve the final manuscript for publication.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: James H Tabibian, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, 2B-182 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342, United States. jtabibian@dhs.lacounty.gov
Received: June 30, 2021
Peer-review started: June 30, 2021
First decision: July 29, 2021
Revised: August 25, 2021
Accepted: January 17, 2022
Article in press: January 17, 2022
Published online: February 16, 2022
Processing time: 224 Days and 15.5 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Cholangioscopy is an endoscopic technique that was first developed in the 1970s as a minimally-invasive modality for the evaluation of various biliopancreatic pathologies. Since the advent of the digital single-operator cholangioscopy (D-SOC) in 2015 as well as other, complementary advancements in the field, diagnostic and therapeutic applications have further expanded. Herein, we discuss the various current applications of cholangioscopy, with a focus on D-SOC, and areas of ongoing research to better understand potential future directions.