Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Dec 16, 2021; 13(12): 571-592
Published online Dec 16, 2021. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v13.i12.571
Published online Dec 16, 2021. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v13.i12.571
Choledochoscopy: An update
Tsinrong Lee, Thomas Zheng Jie Teng, Vishal G Shelat, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
Vishal G Shelat, Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
Author contributions: Lee T, Teng TZJ and Shelat VG contributed to this paper; Shelat VG designed the overall concept and supervised the writing of the manuscript; Lee T, Teng TZJ and Shelat VG contributed to the writing and editing of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Tsinrong Lee, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore. leet0043@e.ntu.edu.sg
Received: March 20, 2021
Peer-review started: March 20, 2021
First decision: July 17, 2021
Revised: July 23, 2021
Accepted: November 15, 2021
Article in press: November 15, 2021
Published online: December 16, 2021
Processing time: 268 Days and 9.7 Hours
Peer-review started: March 20, 2021
First decision: July 17, 2021
Revised: July 23, 2021
Accepted: November 15, 2021
Article in press: November 15, 2021
Published online: December 16, 2021
Processing time: 268 Days and 9.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: The role of choledochoscopy (for extrahepatic biliary procedures) and cholangioscopy (for intrahepatic biliary procedures) is one and a half centuries old. It is a reliable tool in the visualization of indeterminate strictures and subsequent biopsy for diagnostic purposes. Furthermore, it serves as the “safety net” in therapeutic measures where endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cannot manage, such as biliary stone fragmentation and retrieving migrated equipment. With the advent of new techniques and adjuncts, its potential has further evolved to improve the procedure's accuracy. We provide a comprehensive update on the current and future potential of choledochoscopy.