Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Apr 16, 2020; 12(4): 128-137
Published online Apr 16, 2020. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i4.128
Causative factors of discomfort in esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A large-scale cross-sectional study
Kenichiro Majima, Takeshi Shimamoto, Yosuke Muraki
Kenichiro Majima, Yosuke Muraki, The Department of Health Management, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa City 296-8602, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
Takeshi Shimamoto, The Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Chiba City 261-7114, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
Author contributions: Majima K contributed to the study design, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data; the writing, editing, reviewing, and final approval of the article; Shimamoto T contributed to the study design, data analysis and interpretation, reviewing and final approval of the article; Muraki Y contributed to the study design, acquisition and interpretation of the data, the editing, reviewing, and final approval of the article.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Kameda Medical Center Institutional Review Board.
Informed consent statement: Since this was a retrospective observational study using existing data and did not include invasive interventions, the requirement for informed consent from the study participants was waived by the Institutional Review Board.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for this article.
Data sharing statement: Dataset and statistical methods are available from the first author at majima.kenichiro@kameda.jp.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Kenichiro Majima, MD, Doctor, The Department of Health Management, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa City 296-8602, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. majima.kenichiro@kameda.jp
Received: December 28, 2019
Peer-review started: December 28, 2019
First decision: January 13, 2020
Revised: January 24, 2020
Accepted: March 22, 2020
Article in press: March 22, 2020
Published online: April 16, 2020
Processing time: 104 Days and 1.2 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: It is essential to reduce discomfort in esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The present study clearly identified the factors associated with discomfort in esophagogastroduodenoscopy using a large-size cross-sectional study. Young age, female sex, and current smoking were identified as the contributive factors. Smoking status was a newly identified predictor of this study. Furthermore, heavy alcohol consumption was noted to diminish the effect of the sedative(s). These factors are useful because they can be easily obtained, and we can take remedial measures for reducing discomfort.