Published online Apr 16, 2024. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v16.i4.206
Peer-review started: December 28, 2023
First decision: January 19, 2024
Revised: January 29, 2024
Accepted: March 18, 2024
Article in press: March 18, 2024
Published online: April 16, 2024
Processing time: 104 Days and 17.8 Hours
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in humans. Prior research has shown that identifying premalignant stage lesions (adenomas) of CRC by colonoscopy and subsequent endoscopic resection can prevent disease progression and reduce CRC-associated morbidity and mortality. Angiogenesis, the secondary growth of blood vessels, plays an important role in the development of tumors. The surface capillaries of colorectal tumors often show morphological changes, such as heterogeneity in vessel diameter or density and loss of hierarchical structure.
Although the importance of tumor angiogenesis is well known, conventional endoscopic images cannot be used to show these changes in capillaries due to inadequate resolution. No studies have yet been conducted on changes in microcirculatory hemodynamics of colorectal adenomas in vivo under endoscopy. In clinical practice, we found that a novel high-resolution magnifying colonoscope (Fujifilm EC-760ZP) with blue-laser imaging (BLI) clearly revealed the mucosal surface capillary network in vivo and in real time.
In this study, we observed the superficial microcirculation of colorectal adenomas using the novel magnifying colonoscope with BLI and quantitatively analyzed the changes in hemodynamic parameters, thus providing a new insight into early colorectal tumors.
From October 2019 to January 2020, 11 patients were screened for colon adenomas with the novel high-resolution magnification endoscope with BLI. Video images were recorded and processed with Adobe Premiere, Adobe Photoshop and Image-pro Plus software. Four microcirculation parameters: Microcirculation vessel density, mean vessel width with width standard deviation, and blood flow velocity, were calculated respectively for adenoma and the surrounding normal mucosa.
A total of 16 adenomas were identified. Compared with the normal surrounding mucosa, the superficial vessel density in the adenomas was decreased; the mean vessel width and vessel width deviation were both increased; and blood flow slowed down in the adenomas.
The novel high-resolution magnification endoscope with BLI can be a tool for the in vivo study of adenoma superficial microcirculation. The superficial vessel density in the adenoma was decreased, with more irregularity and slower blood flow.
High-resolution magnifying endoscopy can be used to quantitatively analyze the microcirculation on the surface of the colorectal adenomas. It provide the possibility of active recognition of colorectal lesions with AI technology under endoscopy.