Sarraj R, Theiler L, Vakilzadeh N, Krupka N, Wiest R. Propofol sedation in routine endoscopy: A case series comparing target controlled infusion vs manually controlled bolus concept. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2024; 16(1): 11-17 [PMID: 38313457 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v16.i1.11]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Riad Sarraj, MD, Attending Doctor, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern 3010, Switzerland. riad.sarraj@insel.ch
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Case Control Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jan 16, 2024; 16(1): 11-17 Published online Jan 16, 2024. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v16.i1.11
Propofol sedation in routine endoscopy: A case series comparing target controlled infusion vs manually controlled bolus concept
Riad Sarraj, Lorenz Theiler, Nima Vakilzadeh, Niklas Krupka, Reiner Wiest
Riad Sarraj, Niklas Krupka, Reiner Wiest, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland
Lorenz Theiler, Clinic for Anesthesia, Perioperative, Emergency & Intensive Care Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau 5001, Switzerland
Nima Vakilzadeh, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
Author contributions: Sarraj R collected the dataset, wrote and designed the manuscript and figures; Vakilzadeh N provided support for the statistical analysis and figure design; Krupka N reviewed the manuscript and supported the submission; Theiler L and Wiest R designed the trial and implemented the TCI use in clinical practice and reviewed and the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Gesundheits-, Sozial-und Integrations direktion Kantonale Ethikkommission für die Forschung.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict-of-internest to disclose.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at riad.sarraj@insel.ch. patient consent was not obtained but the presented data are anonymized and risk of identification is low.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Riad Sarraj, MD, Attending Doctor, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern 3010, Switzerland. riad.sarraj@insel.ch
Received: August 17, 2023 Peer-review started: August 17, 2023 First decision: September 13, 2023 Revised: September 27, 2023 Accepted: December 6, 2023 Article in press: December 6, 2023 Published online: January 16, 2024
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Non-anaesthesiologist propofol sedation (NAPS) for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is safe and effective. Target controlled infusion (TCI) is claimed to provide an optimal sedation regimen by avoiding under or over-sedation.
Research motivation
Little is known about the differences of time of sedation and propofol dosage between nurse-administered intermittent bolus propofol sedation and TCI.
Research objectives
The aim of this study is to assess safety and performance of propofol TCI sedation in comparison with nurse-administered bolus-sedation.
Research methods
Forty-five patients undergoing endoscopy under TCI propofol sedation were prospectively included from November 2016 to May 2017 and compared to 87 patients retrospectively included that underwent endoscopy with NAPS.
Research results
Sedation using TCI for GI endoscopy reduces the dose of propofol necessary per minute of endoscopy (8.2 ± 2.7 mg/min vs 9.3 ± 3.4 mg/min; P = 0.046). Time needed to provide adequate sedation levels was lower in the control group. No differences between TCI and bolus-sedation was observed for mean total-dosage of propofol rate as well as adverse events.
Research conclusions
Sedation using TCI for GI endoscopy reduces the dose of propofol necessary per minute of endoscopy.
Research perspectives
Sedation using TCI for GI endoscopy could have an impact on propofol total dosage especially on prolonged endoscopy procedures. This may also translate into less adverse events and higher safety when using TCI in prolonged procedures.
