Published online Apr 16, 2025. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i4.103391
Revised: February 19, 2025
Accepted: March 8, 2025
Published online: April 16, 2025
Processing time: 147 Days and 15.7 Hours
Owing to the complex and often asymptomatic presentations, the diagnosis of biliopancreatic diseases, including pancreatic and biliary malignancies, remains challenging. Recent technological advancements have remarkably improved the diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in these diseases. This review explores key advancements in diagnostic modalities, including biomarkers, imaging techniques, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies. Biomarkers, such as cancer antigen 19-9, KRAS mutations, and inflammatory markers, provide crucial insights into disease progression and treatment responses. Advanced imaging modalities include enhanced computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography-CT, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasound. AI integration in imaging and pathology has enhanced diagnostic precision through deep learning algorithms that analyze medical images, automate routine diagnostic tasks, and provide predictive analytics for personalized treatment strategies. The applications of these technologies are diverse, ranging from early cancer detection to therapeutic guidance and real-time imaging. Biomarker-based liquid biopsies and AI-assisted imaging tools are essential for non-invasive diagnostics and individualized patient management. Furthermore, AI-driven models are transforming disease stratification, thus enhancing risk assessment and decision-making. Future studies should explore standardizing biomarker validation, improving AI-driven diagnostics, and expanding the accessibility of advanced imaging technologies in resource-limited settings. The continued development of non-invasive diagnostic techniques and precision medicine approaches is crucial for optimizing the detection and management of biliopancreatic diseases. Collaborative efforts between clinicians, researchers, and industry stakeholders will be pivotal in applying these advancements in clinical practice.
Core Tip: Recent advancements in the diagnosis of biliopancreatic disease have significantly transformed clinical practice. Enhanced imaging techniques such as endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography can provide detailed anatomical insights for accurate diagnosis. Additionally, the integration of biomarkers and artificial intelligence technologies can improve early disease detection and diagnostic precision. These innovations facilitate targeted treatment strategies tailored to individual patient needs, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. As the field continues to evolve, ongoing research and collaboration among healthcare professionals will be essential to further refine the diagnostic tools and approaches for biliopancreatic diseases.