Sharma M, Somani P, Rameshbabu CS, Sunkara T, Rai P. Stepwise evaluation of liver sectors and liver segments by endoscopic ultrasound. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 10(11): 326-339 [PMID: 30487943 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v10.i11.326]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Malay Sharma, MD, Doctor, Department of Gastroenterology, Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital, Saket, Meerut 25001, Uttar Pradesh, India. sharmamalay@hotmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Malay Sharma, Piyush Somani, Department of Gastroenterology, Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital, Meerut 25001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Piyush Somani, Department of Gastroenterology, Thumbay Hospital, Dubai 415555, United Arab Emirates
Chittapuram Srinivasan Rameshbabu, Department of Anatomy, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar 251001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Tagore Sunkara, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Brooklyn Hospital Center, Clinical Affliate of The Mount Sinai Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
Praveer Rai, Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
Author contributions: Sharma M wrote the manuscript; Somani P, Rameshbabu CS, Sunkara T, and Rai P edited the manuscript; Sharma M, Somani P, and Rameshbabu CS designed the study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Malay Sharma, MD, Doctor, Department of Gastroenterology, Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital, Saket, Meerut 25001, Uttar Pradesh, India. sharmamalay@hotmail.com
Telephone: +91-983-7031148 Fax: +91-121-2657154
Received: May 25, 2018 Peer-review started: May 25, 2018 First decision: June 14, 2018 Revised: August 16, 2018 Accepted: October 17, 2018 Article in press: October 17, 2018 Published online: November 16, 2018 Processing time: 174 Days and 23.1 Hours
Abstract
The liver has eight segments, which are referred to by numbers or by names. The numbering of the segments is done in a counterclockwise manner with the liver being viewed from the inferior surface, starting from Segment I (the caudate lobe). Standard anatomical description of the liver segments is available by computed tomographic scan and ultrasonography. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been used for a detailed imaging of many intra-abdominal organs and for the assessment of intra-abdominal vasculature. A stepwise evaluation of the liver segments by EUS has not been described. In this article, we have described a stepwise evaluation of the liver segments by EUS. This information can be useful for planning successful radical surgeries, preparing for biopsy, portal vein embolization, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, tumour resection or partial hepatectomy, and for planning EUS guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Core tip: Standard anatomical description of the liver segments is available by computed tomographic scan and ultrasonography. A stepwise evaluation of the liver segments by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has not been described. In this article, we have described a stepwise evaluation of the liver segments by EUS. This information can be useful for planning successful radical surgeries, preparing for biopsy, portal vein embolization, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, tumour resection or partial hepatectomy, and for planning EUS guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
