1
|
Yamamoto H, Despott EJ, González-Suárez B, Pennazio M, Mönkemüller K. The evolving role of device-assisted enteroscopy: The state of the art as of August 2023. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 64-65:101858. [PMID: 37652651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE), balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) in particular, has become a routine endoscopic procedure which has revolutionized our approach to small-bowel disease. Evidence demonstrating the efficacy and safety of BAE spans over 22-years of experience, making it an established pillar of minimally invasive care. The robust evidence for BAE's safety and efficacy has now been incorporated into international clinical guidelines, technical reviews, benchmarking performance measures and curricula. The more recently introduced motorized spiral enteroscopy (MSE) which had replaced the previous manual version, abruptly ended its 7-year stint in clinical practice, when it was withdrawn and recalled from the market by its manufacturing company in July 2023, due to several associated serious adverse events (including fatalities). This article, written by the original developer of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and other recognized international experts and pioneers in this field, focuses mainly on the technical aspects, evolving indications, and equipment-related technological advances. Despite the very recent withdrawal of MSE from clinical practice, for completeness, this technology and its technique is still briefly covered here, albeit importantly, along with a short description of reported, associated, serious adverse events which have contributed to its withdrawal/recall from the market and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Edward J Despott
- Royal Free Unit for Endoscopy, The Royal Free Hospital and University College London (UCL) Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, London, UK
| | - Begoña González-Suárez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Pennazio
- University Division of Gastroenterology, City of Health and Science University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Klaus Mönkemüller
- Division of Gastroenterology "Prof. Carolina Olano", Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Division of Endoscopy, Ameos Teaching University Hospital, Halberstadt, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song JH, Jeon SR, Kim JS, Lee BI, Kim JO, Lee HH. Performance of Balloon-Assisted Enteroscopy for Non-ERCP Indications in Patients with Surgically Altered Gastrointestinal Anatomy. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:2545-2552. [PMID: 36790687 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Surgically altered gastrointestinal (GI) tract anatomy hinders deep enteroscopy. While enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with altered GI anatomy has been heavily investigated, the role of non-ERCP balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) has yet to be fully elucidated.Please check and confirm the author names and initials are correct. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.I have checked all you asked and have no correction. Thank you. METHODS A multicenter retrospective study of non-ERCP BAEs in patients with surgically altered GI tract anatomy at two tertiary academic hospitals was performed from January 2006 to December 2020. Altered GI tract anatomy was defined by surgical reconstruction affecting the length, angle, or overall trajectory of the endoscope during the intended approach. The main outcome measurements included technical success rate, diagnostic and therapeutic yields, and complication rate.Please check the edit made in the title of the article and correct if necessary.No more correction. Thank you. RESULTS A total of 68 patients with surgically altered GI tract anatomy underwent 56 antegrade and 24 retrograde non-ERCP BAE procedures. The technical success rate was 86.2% in both, including 83.9% via antegrade approach and 91.7% via retrograde approach. Antegrade approach in Roux-en-Y anatomy was associated with the lowest success rate of 77.8%, whereas retrograde approach in patients with colon resection resulted in the highest rate of 100%. The diagnostic and therapeutic yields of non-ERCP BAE were 79.4% and 82.9%, respectively. The diagnostic yields varied according to the procedural indications. The major complication was luminal perforation in one case (1.3%). CONCLUSIONS Non-ERCP BAE is effective and safe via both antegrade and retrograde approaches with a high technical success rate and diagnostic and therapeutic yields in patients with surgically altered GI tract anatomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hee Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Ran Jeon
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-In Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Kim
- Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Hee Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 10, 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee HH, Kim JS, Goong HJ, Lee SH, Oh EH, Park J, Kim MC, Nam K, Yang YJ, Kim TJ, Nam SJ, Moon HS, Kim JH, Kim DH, Kim SE, Jeon SR, Myung SJ. [Use of Device-Assisted Enteroscopy in Small Bowel Disease: An Expert Consensus Statement by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2023; 81:1-16. [PMID: 36695062 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) in the beginning of the 21st century has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the small intestine. In contrast to capsule endoscopy, the other main diagnostic modality of small bowel diseases, DAE has the unique advantages of allowing the observation of the region of interest in detail and enabling tissue acquisition and therapeutic intervention. As DAE becomes an essential procedure in daily clinical practice, there is an increasing need for correct guidelines on when and how it is to be performed and what technical factors should be taken into consideration. In response to these needs, the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases has developed an expert consensus statement on the performance of DAE by reviewing current evidence. This expert consensus statement particularly focuses on the indications, choice of insertion route, therapeutic intervention, complications, and relevant technical points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Shin Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Cheol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwangwoo Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young Joo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Tae Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Joo Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hee Seok Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Ran Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee HH, Kim JS, Goong HJ, Lee SH, Oh EH, Park J, Kim MC, Nam K, Yang YJ, Kim TJ, Nam SJ, Moon HS, Kim JH, Kim DH, Kim SE, Jeon SR, Myung SJ, The Small Intestine Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID). Use of device-assisted enteroscopy in small bowel disease: an expert consensus statement by the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases. Intest Res 2023; 21:3-19. [PMID: 36751042 PMCID: PMC9911273 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2022.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) in the beginning of 21st century has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the small intestine. In contrast to capsule endoscopy, the other main diagnostic modality of the small bowel diseases, DAE has the unique advantages of observing the region of interest in detail and enabling tissue acquisition and therapeutic intervention. As DAE becomes an essential procedure in daily clinical practice, there is an increasing need for correct guidelines on when and how to perform it and what technical factors should be considered. In response to these needs, the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases developed an expert consensus statement on the performance of DAE by reviewing the current evidence. This expert consensus statement particularly focuses on the indications, choice of insertion route, therapeutic intervention, complications, and relevant technical points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Shin Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Cheol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwangwoo Nam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young Joo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Tae Jun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Joo Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hee Seok Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Ran Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - The Small Intestine Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aryan M, Colvin T, Ahmed AM, Kyanam Kabir Baig KR, Peter S. Role of balloon enteroscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in those with surgically altered anatomy: A systematic review. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 14:434-442. [PMID: 36051995 PMCID: PMC9329851 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v14.i7.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is defined as persistent bleeding despite negative evaluation with both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy and can be secondary to small intestinal pathology. Standard endoscopy as well as push endoscopy can be a challenge in those with altered anatomy given inaccessible areas as well as perforation risk. Single and double balloon enteroscopy can be warranted in this patient population in instances of obscure GI bleed.
AIM To assess the safety and diagnostic efficacy of balloon enteroscopy for obscure GI bleeding in patients with surgically altered anatomy.
METHODS A search was conducted through PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase with the key words “enteroscopy,” “obscure bleeding,” and “altered anatomy,” to identify relevant articles in English with no restricted time frame. A search within the Reference Citation Analysis database was conducted to ensure inclusion of the latest high impact articles. Study types included in the review were prospective and retrospective reviews, case series, and case reports. The reference lists of these papers were also reviewed to find further papers that were applicable. The authors extracted the data from the studies that fit inclusion criteria. Data of interest included type of study, type of procedure, and type of altered anatomy, as well as the number of patients with any diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. Data was also recorded on procedure tolerance and complications. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics.
RESULTS Our literature search yielded 14 studies that were included. There were 68 procedures performed with 61 unique patients subjected to these procedures. Forty-four (65%) of the procedures were double balloon, 21 (31%) were single balloon, and 3 (4%) were classified as through the scope balloon assisted. The most common altered anatomy types included Gastric Bypass Roux-en-Y, Pylorus Sparing Whipple, Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Roux-en-Y, and Gastrojejunostomy Roux-en-Y. The procedures were successfully performed in each patient. There were 5 (7%) procedures that were complicated by perforation. Amongst the available data, the diagnostic yield was 48/59 (81%) and a therapeutic yield of 39/59 (66%). One patient was recommended surgical revision of their altered anatomy following enteroscopy.
CONCLUSION Balloon enteroscopy is a useful diagnostic modality in investigating obscure GI bleeding within those with surgically altered anatomy; however, precautions must be taken as this population may have increased perforation risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Aryan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Tyler Colvin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Ali M Ahmed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Kondal Rao Kyanam Kabir Baig
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Shajan Peter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shiozaki S, Matsugu Y, Hamaoka M, Ishimoto T. Superior mesenteric vein to the right testicular vein shunt operation for jejunal varices bleeding associated with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2022; 8:33. [PMID: 35199245 PMCID: PMC8866587 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-022-01390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Causes of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction include abdominal surgeries such as pancreaticoduodenectomy. We improved jejunal variceal bleeding due to extrahepatic portal vein occlusion after pancreaticoduodenectomy, by shunting of the testicular vein. Case presentation A 72-year-old man was diagnosed with extrahepatic bile duct cancer and underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy 5 years ago. No postoperative complications occurred, adjuvant chemotherapy using gemcitabine hydrochloride was performed, and the patient remained recurrence-free. One year and 6 months post-operation, extrahepatic portal vein stenosis appeared, but no recurrence was noted. However, 4 years and 6 months later, recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding occurred, and the patient was diagnosed with an extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Double-balloon enteroscopy showed capillary dilatation and varicose veins in the hepaticojejunostomy region, and venous bleeding from collateral blood vessels was diagnosed. A superior mesenteric vein to the right testicular vein shunt operation was performed, following which the gastrointestinal bleeding disappeared, and the anemia improved. Although transient hepatic encephalopathy occurred, conservative treatment relieved it. Double-balloon enteroscopy confirmed the disappearance of abnormal blood vessels. Conclusions A portosystemic shunt operation using the right testicular vein effectively relieved refractory variceal bleeding around the hepaticojejunostomy site in the jejunum due to an extrahepatic portal vein obstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Shiozaki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54, Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsugu
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54, Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Michinori Hamaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54, Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Transplant Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54, Ujina-Kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nehme F, Goyal H, Perisetti A, Tharian B, Sharma N, Tham TC, Chhabra R. The Evolution of Device-Assisted Enteroscopy: From Sonde Enteroscopy to Motorized Spiral Enteroscopy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:792668. [PMID: 35004760 PMCID: PMC8733321 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.792668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of capsule endoscopy in 2001 opened the last "black box" of the gastrointestinal tract enabling complete visualization of the small bowel. Since then, numerous new developments in the field of deep enteroscopy have emerged expanding the diagnostic and therapeutic armamentarium against small bowel diseases. The ability to achieve total enteroscopy and visualize the entire small bowel remains the holy grail in enteroscopy. Our journey in the small bowel started historically with sonde type enteroscopy and ropeway enteroscopy. Currently, double-balloon enteroscopy, single-balloon enteroscopy, and spiral enteroscopy are available in clinical practice. Recently, a novel motorized enteroscope has been described with the potential to shorten procedure time and allow for total enteroscopy in one session. In this review, we will present an overview of the currently available techniques, indications, diagnostic yield, and complications of device-assisted enteroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Nehme
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Saint Luke's Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City (UMKC), Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Department of Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Abhilash Perisetti
- Division of Interventional Oncology and Surgical Endoscopy (IOSE), Parkview Cancer Institute, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Benjamin Tharian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Neil Sharma
- Division of Interventional Oncology and Surgical Endoscopy (IOSE), Parkview Cancer Institute, Fort Wayne, IN, United States.,Department of Endoscopy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Tony C Tham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv Chhabra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Saint Luke's Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City (UMKC), Kansas City, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Papasavas P, Docimo S, Oviedo RJ, Eisenberg D. Biliopancreatic access following anatomy-altering bariatric surgery: a literature review. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022; 18:21-34. [PMID: 34688572 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Papasavas
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut.
| | - Salvatore Docimo
- Division of Bariatric, Foregut, and Advanced GI Surgery, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | - Dan Eisenberg
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University and Palo Alto VA Health Care Center, Palo Alto, California
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Riquoir C, Díaz LA, Chiliquinga D, Candia R, Pimentel F, Arenas A. Management of Biliopancreatic Limb Bleeding after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Case Report. Clin Endosc 2021; 54:754-758. [PMID: 34030436 PMCID: PMC8505193 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2021.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is one of the most extensive surgical treatments for obesity. The treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is complex due to the difficulty of accessing the excluded gastric antrum and duodenal bulb. There is no consensus regarding the management of this complication. While various techniques have been described to access the biliopancreatic limb, double-balloon enteroscopy is the most commonly used. If double-balloon enteroscopy is unavailable, a pediatric colonoscope may be used as an alternative; however, its use in such cases has not been described. We report the case of a 50-year-old male patient who underwent gastric bypass 13 years ago and was admitted for a second episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The initial approach using upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, and abdominal computed tomography angiography did not reveal the cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage; therefore, an endoscopic study of the biliopancreatic limb was performed using a pediatric colonoscope. A Forrest Ib ulcer was found in the duodenal bulb, and endoscopic therapy was administered. The evolution was found to be satisfactory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - David Chiliquinga
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Roberto Candia
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Fernando Pimentel
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Alex Arenas
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero Del Río, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shelnut DJ, Sims OT, Zaibaq JN, Oh H, Venkata KV, Peter S. Predictors for outcomes and readmission rates following double balloon enteroscopy: a tertiary care experience. Endosc Int Open 2018; 6:E751-E757. [PMID: 29876513 PMCID: PMC5988547 DOI: 10.1055/a-0602-3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objectives of this study are to examine clinical characteristics of patients undergoing anterograde and retrograde double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and to assess factors predicting positive diagnostic yield, therapeutic yield, and readmission. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients (n = 420) who underwent DBE at a tertiary care center between 2012 and 2016 at a tertiary referral center. Measures of central tendency and frequency distributions were used for univariate analysis. Chi-square and t-test analyses were used to compare patient characteristics. Logistic regression was used to predict outcomes of interest. RESULTS Of patients included in the study, 59 % were male with a mean age of 61.49 (SD = 15.15) Altered anatomy was noted in 14 %, while 5 % and 13 % of patients had end stage renal disease (ESRD) and current use of anticoagulation, respectively. The most common indication for DBE was obscure gastrointestinal bleed (OGIB) (33 %). Forty-nine patients had obscure and overt gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and 22 % had occult GIB with iron deficiency. The cohort's rate of positive diagnostic yield was 73 % and 35 % for therapeutic yield. The 30-day and 6-month readmission rates were both 11 %. A higher proportion of those readmitted were male (75 % vs 57 %, P = 0.027) and had longer procedural time (38.68 vs 46.57, P = 0.011). Likewise, occult GIB with iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency alone (OR = 2.45, CI: 1.233 - 4.859, P = 0.011), inpatient status (OR 2.42, CI 1.344 - 4.346, P = 0.003), and longer procedural time (OR = 1.02, CI: 1.004 - 1.029, P = 0.008) were associated positively with readmission. CONCLUSION DBE procedures have relevant efficacy for both diagnostic and therapeutic yield while evaluating small bowel disease. Readmission rates are low and more in those with GI bleed and iron deficiency with longer index procedural times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Jarrard Shelnut
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tinsley Harrison Internal Medicine Residency, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Omar T. Sims
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Social Work, College of Arts and Sciences/Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health/Center for AIDS Research/Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jenine N. Zaibaq
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tinsley Harrison Internal Medicine Residency, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hyejung Oh
- Troy University, Dothan Campus Ringgold Standard Institution, Department of Human Services & Social Work, College of Health and Human Services, Dothan, Alabama
| | | | - Shajan Peter
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moreels TG. Update in enteroscopy: New devices and new indications. Dig Endosc 2018; 30:174-181. [PMID: 28710777 DOI: 10.1111/den.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review provides an update of the currently available (proto-) types of device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE). In recent years, newly designed double- and single-balloon enteroscopes have emerged. They aim to improve insertion depth into the small bowel, and they also allow more efficient endoscopic interventions. Nowadays, almost all conventional endoscopic procedures are feasible using DAE, opening the door to new indications. Recently, more data have become available on pediatric DAE, DAE-assisted colonoscopy, and DAE in patients with altered anatomy, including DAE-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and direct cholangioscopy. Although new enteroscopes are being developed, few comparative studies are available in order to define which DAE suits best for each indication. It is the duty of the international endoscopy community to set up clinical research projects to provide answers to these open questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom G Moreels
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aoyama T, Fukumoto A, Shigita K, Asayama N, Mukai S, Nagata S. Arteriosclerosis Is a Major Predictor of Small Bowel Vascular Lesions. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:723-730. [PMID: 29372478 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-4930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies have focused on evaluating the association between the presence of small bowel vascular lesions (SBVLs) and patients' comorbidities. AIMS We sought to uncover a more fundamental indicator that may predict the presence of SBVLs by considering atherosclerosis qualitatively and quantitatively. METHODS We enrolled 79 consecutive patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding who had undergone computed tomography (CT) and capsule endoscopy or double-balloon endoscopy from January 2015 to June 2017. The SBVL frequency, type, and location, and the relationship between the presence of SBVLs and the patients' clinical characteristics were evaluated. Arterial wall calcification was assessed on unenhanced CT images, and a modified Agatston scoring system was used to determine the abdominal aorta calcium scores. RESULTS Of the 27 (34%) patients with SBVLs, 15 (19%) had type 1a, 12 (15%) had type 1b, and 2 (3%) had type 2a SBVLs. Most of the lesions were located in the jejunum. Cardiovascular disease (P = .017), chronic kidney disease (P = .025), and arteriosclerosis (P = .0036) were associated with the presence of SBVLs. Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed that arteriosclerosis (odds ratio [OR] 7.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-143.9) and superior mesenteric artery calcification (OR 16.3; 95% CI 3.64-118.6) were independent predictors of the presence of SBVLs. The modified Agatston score was significantly higher in SBVL cases than in non-SBVL cases (6384 vs. 2666, P = .0023). CONCLUSIONS Arteriosclerosis, especially increased superior mesenteric artery calcification, is associated with an increased likelihood of SBVLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, 2-1-1 Kabe-minami, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, 731-0293, Japan.
| | - Akira Fukumoto
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, 2-1-1 Kabe-minami, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, 731-0293, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Shigita
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, 2-1-1 Kabe-minami, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, 731-0293, Japan
| | - Naoki Asayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, 2-1-1 Kabe-minami, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, 731-0293, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mukai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, 2-1-1 Kabe-minami, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, 731-0293, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, 2-1-1 Kabe-minami, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, 731-0293, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yamamoto H, Ogata H, Matsumoto T, Ohmiya N, Ohtsuka K, Watanabe K, Yano T, Matsui T, Higuchi K, Nakamura T, Fujimoto K. Clinical Practice Guideline for Enteroscopy. Dig Endosc 2017; 29:519-546. [PMID: 28370422 DOI: 10.1111/den.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Management of small bowel diseases has evolved since the advent of capsule endoscopy (CE) and balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE). One of the most common indications for enteroscopy is obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), followed by small bowel stenosis, tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease. Although enteroscopes have been regarded as useful tools, correct guidelines are required to ensure that we manipulate these enteroscopes safely and efficiently in clinical practice. Herein, the Japanese Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society has developed 'Clinical Practice Guidelines for Enteroscopy' in collaboration with the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, the Japanese Gastroenterological Association, and the Japanese Association for Capsule Endoscopy. These guidelines are based on the evidence available until now, but small bowel endoscopy is a relatively new technology, so the guidelines include recommendations based on a consensus reached among experts when the evidence has not been considered sufficient. These guidelines were not designed to be disease-based, but focus on how we should use small bowel CE and BAE in everyday clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
- Japanese Society of Gastroenterology
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
- Japanese Gastroenterological Association
| | - Naoki Ohmiya
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
- Japanese Association for Capsule Endoscopy
| | - Kazuo Ohtsuka
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
- Japanese Gastroenterological Association
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Japanese Society of Gastroenterology
- Japanese Association for Capsule Endoscopy
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
- Japanese Association for Capsule Endoscopy
| | - Toshiyuki Matsui
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
- Japanese Gastroenterological Association
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
- Japanese Society of Gastroenterology
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
- Japanese Society of Gastroenterology
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Malli CP, Sioulas AD, Emmanouil T, Dimitriadis GD, Triantafyllou K. Endoscopy after bariatric surgery. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29:249-257. [PMID: 27366025 PMCID: PMC4923810 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic with significant morbidity and mortality. Weight loss results in reduction of health risks and improvement in quality of life, thus representing a goal of paramount importance. Bariatric surgery is the most efficacious choice compared to conservative alternatives including diet, exercise, drugs and behavioral modification to treat obese patients. Following bariatric operations, patients may present with upper gastrointestinal tract complaints that warrant endoscopic evaluation and the various bariatric surgery types are often linked to complications. A subset of these complications necessitates endoscopic interventions for accurate diagnosis and effective, minimal invasive treatment. This review aims to highlight the role of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery to evaluate and potentially treat surgery-related complications and upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula P. Malli
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios D. Sioulas
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Emmanouil
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - George D. Dimitriadis
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
da Rocha L, Ayub Pérez O, Arantes V. Endoscopic management of bariatric surgery complications: what the gastroenterologist should know. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
16
|
Endoscopic management of bariatric surgery complications: what the gastroenterologist should know. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2015; 81:35-47. [PMID: 26552500 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious disorder in almost the entire world. It is an important risk factor for a series of conditions that affect and threaten health. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, and in addition to the resulting weight loss, it reduces morbidity in this population. There has been a significant increase in the number of obese patients operated on. Despite the success of bariatric surgery, an important group of patients still present with major postoperative complications. In order for endoscopy to effectively contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of complications deriving from obesity surgery, the gastroenterologist must be aware of the particularities involved in bariatric surgery. The present article is a review of the resulting anatomic aspects of the main surgical techniques employed, the most common postoperative symptoms, the potential complications, and the possibilities that endoscopic diagnosis and treatment offer. Endoscopy is a growing and continuously evolving method in the treatment of bariatric surgery complications. The aim of this review is to contribute to the preparation of gastroenterologists so they can offer adequate endoscopic diagnosis and treatment to this high-risk population.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kurzynske FC, Romagnuolo J, Brock AS. Success of single-balloon enteroscopy in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82:319-24. [PMID: 25841583 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) was introduced in 2007 to diagnose and treat small-bowel disorders. No study to date has evaluated SBE in patients with surgically altered anatomy outside of ERCP. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy, yield, and safety of SBE in patients with surgically altered anatomy. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Tertiary-care academic medical center. PATIENTS All patients with altered surgical anatomy who underwent SBE at the Medical University of South Carolina from July 2007 to September 2013. INTERVENTIONS SBE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Diagnostic yield, therapeutic yield, technical success, and adverse events. RESULTS A total of 48 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 56 years (77% female). Eleven patients underwent single-balloon PEG placement, 8 single-balloon ERCP, 22 non-PEG/non-ERCP anterograde SBE, and 7 retrograde SBE. Previous surgeries included Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n=26), small-intestine resection (n=6), colon resection (n=5), Whipple procedure (n=4), choledochojejunostomy (n=3), hepaticojejunostomy (n=1), Billroth I (n=1), Billroth II (n=1), and Puestow procedure (n=1). Procedural indications were PEG tube placement (n=11), choledocholithiasis (n=2), biliary stricture (n=2), obstructive jaundice (n=1), cholangitis (n=1), ampullary mass (n=1), sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (n=1), anemia and/or bleeding (n=15), abdominal pain (n=9), radiologic evidence of obstruction (n=3), and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (n=2). The technical success rate was 73% in single-balloon PEG placement, 88% in single-balloon ERCP, 82% in other anterograde SBEs, and 86% in retrograde SBEs. No intraprocedural or postprocedural adverse events were observed. LIMITATIONS Single center, retrospective study. CONCLUSION SBE is safe and effective in patients with surgically altered anatomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Kurzynske
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph Romagnuolo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew S Brock
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|