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Takeshita K, Hijioka S, Nagashio Y, Maruki Y, Kawasaki Y, Maehara K, Murashima Y, Okada M, Ikeda G, Yamada N, Takasaki T, Agarie D, Hara H, Hagiwara Y, Okamoto K, Yamashige D, Ohba A, Kondo S, Morizane C, Ueno H, Saito Y, Ohe Y, Okusaka T. Diagnostic Ability of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Tissue Acquisition Using 19-Gauge Fine-Needle Biopsy Needle for Abdominal Lesions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030450. [PMID: 36766558 PMCID: PMC9914510 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Attempts at performing endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) with a 19G needle are increasing because histological diagnosis and comprehensive genomic profiling are a necessity. However, the diagnostic ability of the 19G fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needle, especially the third-generation FNB needle, is unclear and has been retrospectively reviewed. The 19G TopGain needle was used in 147 patients and 160 lesions between September 2020 and December 2021. The technical success rate of the biopsies was 99.4% (159/160). The early adverse event rate was 4.1% (6/147), and moderate or severe adverse event rate occurrence was 2.0% (3/147). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the 19G TopGain needle for 157 lesions with a confirmed diagnosis were 96.7%, 100%, and 96.8%, respectively. Rescue EUS-TA using the 19G TopGain needle was performed for nine lesions, and a successful diagnosis was made in six of these lesions (66.7%). The diagnostic ability of EUS-TA using the third-generation 19G TopGain needle was favorable. However, the use of 19G FNB needles may increase adverse events. Therefore, EUS-TA with a 19G FNB needle is mainly indicated in lesions where comprehensive genomic profiling may be necessary or the diagnosis could not be determined via EUS-TA using the 22G needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Takeshita
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Cancer Medicine, Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Susumu Hijioka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3542-2511
| | - Yoshikuni Nagashio
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuta Maruki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kosuke Maehara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yumi Murashima
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mao Okada
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Go Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yamada
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Daiki Agarie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Hara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuya Hagiwara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kohei Okamoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamashige
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohba
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kondo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Cancer Medicine, Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Pausawasdi N, Hongsrisuwan P, Chalermwai WV, Butt AS, Maipang K, Charatchareonwitthaya P. The diagnostic performance of combined conventional cytology with smears and cell block preparation obtained from endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for intra-abdominal mass lesions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263982. [PMID: 35320282 PMCID: PMC8942242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the primary method for tissue acquisition of intra-abdominal masses. However, the main limitation of cytology alone is the lack of tissue architecture and inadequate samples. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of combined conventional cytology and cell block preparation obtained from EUS-FNA of intra-abdominal masses without Rapid On-site Evaluation (ROSE). METHODS Cytologic smears and cell block slides of 166 patients undergoing EUS-FNA during 2010-2015 were reviewed by an experienced cytopathologist blinded to clinical data. RESULTS 125 patients had neoplastic lesions. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was the most common etiology (35.5%), followed by lymph node metastasis (27.7%). The mean mass size was 2.5±1.3 cm. The mean number of passes was 1.9±1.28. Tissue adequacy for conventional cytology and cell block preparation was 78.9% and 78.1%, respectively. Factors associated with tissue adequacy were assessed. For cytology, lesions of > 2.1 cm, masses in the pancreatic body or tail, malignancy, and pancreatic cancer were positively associated with adequate cellularity. For cell block preparation, lesions of > 3 cm and malignancy were associated with increased tissue adequacy. The conventional cytology alone had a sensitivity of 68.5%, a specificity of 95.7%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of 0.821. The cell block preparation alone had a sensitivity of 65.4%, a specificity of 96%, and an AUROC of 0.807. The combined conventional cytology and cell block preparation performed significantly better than either method alone (p<0.05), as demonstrated by an increased AUROC of 0.853. Furthermore, cell block detected malignancy in 9.3% of cases where the cytologic smears failed to identify malignant cells. CONCLUSIONS The combined conventional cytology and cell block preparation increased the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA compared to either method alone. This approach should be implemented in routine practice, especially where ROSE is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonthalee Pausawasdi
- Siriraj GI Endoscopy Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Penprapai Hongsrisuwan
- Siriraj GI Endoscopy Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wipapat Vicki Chalermwai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amna Subhan Butt
- Siriraj GI Endoscopy Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kotchakon Maipang
- Siriraj GI Endoscopy Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phunchai Charatchareonwitthaya
- Siriraj GI Endoscopy Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lundy J, Gao H, Berry W, Masoumi-Moghoddam S, Jenkins BJ, Croagh D. Targeted transcriptome and KRAS mutation analysis improve the diagnostic performance of EUS-FNA biopsies in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5900-5911. [PMID: 34400416 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) carries a poor prognosis, and current diagnostic tests have suboptimal sensitivity. Incorporating standard cytology with targeted transcriptomic and mutation analysis may improve the accuracy of diagnostic biopsies, thus reducing the burden of repeat procedures and delays to treatment initiation. METHODS We reviewed the accuracy of 308 EUS-FNA PDAC biopsies using a large multicenter clinical and biospecimen database, then performed RNA sequencing on 134 EUS-FNA biopsies spanning all stages of disease. We identified a transcriptomic diagnostic gene signature which was validated using external datasets and 60 further diagnostic EUS-FNAs. KRAS ddPCR analysis was performed and correlated with signature gene expression. RESULTS The sensitivity of EUS-FNA cytology in diagnosing solid pancreatic masses in our retrospective cohort (n=308) was 78.6% (95% CI 73.2 to 83.2%). KRAS mutation analysis and our custom transcriptomic signature significantly improved upon the diagnostic accuracy of standard cytology to 91.3% in external validation sets and 91.6% in our validation cohort (n=60). Exploratory ddPCR analysis of KRAS mutant allele fraction (MAF%) correlated with signature performance and may represent a novel surrogate marker of tumour cellularity in EUS-FNA biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support EUS-FNA biopsies as a feasible tissue source for integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of PDAC across all tumour stages, including cases with non-diagnostic cytology. Our transcriptome-derived genetic signature in combination with tissue KRAS mutation analysis significantly improves upon the diagnostic accuracy of current standard procedures, and has potential clinical utility in improving the speed and accuracy of diagnosis for patients presenting with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Lundy
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hugh Gao
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Berry
- Cancer Treatment and Discovery Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samar Masoumi-Moghoddam
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Croagh
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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van Riet PA, Erler NS, Bruno MJ, Cahen DL. Comparison of fine-needle aspiration and fine-needle biopsy devices for endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling of solid lesions: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy 2021; 53:411-423. [PMID: 32583392 DOI: 10.1055/a-1206-5552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition is extensively used, but the optimal sampling device is still a matter of debate. We performed meta-analyses on studies comparing fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needles, and studies comparing different FNB needles. METHODS Online databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of at least 50 cases with a suspected solid pancreatic or nonpancreatic lesion that compared FNA with FNB needles. Outcome measures included diagnostic accuracy, adequacy, number of passes, presence of tissue cores, and adverse events. We also performed meta-regression analysis on the effect of FNB design on diagnostic accuracy. Quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS 18 RCTs comparing FNA with FNB needles were included. FNB provided a higher pooled diagnostic accuracy (87 % vs. 80 %; P = 0.02) and tissue core rate (80 % vs. 62 %; P = 0.002), and allowed diagnosis with fewer passes (P = 0.03), in both pancreatic and nonpancreatic lesions. A total of 93 studies were included comparing different FNB devices. Pooled diagnostic accuracy was higher for forward-facing bevel needles than for the reverse bevel needle. In this analysis, study quality was low and heterogeneity was high (I2 = 80 %). CONCLUSION FNB outperformed FNA when sampling pancreatic and nonpancreatic lesions. Forward-facing bevel FNB needles seemed to outperform the reverse bevel FNB needle, but the low quality of evidence prevents us from making strong recommendations on the optimal FNB design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla A van Riet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole S Erler
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Djuna L Cahen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sanaei O, Fernández-Esparrach G, De La Serna-Higuera C, Carrara S, Kumbhari V, El Zein MH, Ismail A, Ginès A, Sendino O, Montenegro A, Repici A, Rahal D, Brewer Gutierrez OI, Moran R, Yang J, Parsa N, Paiji C, Aghaie Meybodi M, Shin EJ, Lennon AM, Kalloo AN, Singh VK, Canto MI, Khashab MA. EUS-guided 22-gauge fine needle biopsy versus single-incision with needle knife for the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions: a randomized controlled trial. Endosc Int Open 2020; 8:E266-E273. [PMID: 32118100 PMCID: PMC7035036 DOI: 10.1055/a-1075-1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims EUS-FNA has suboptimal accuracy in diagnosing gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors (SETs). EUS-guided 22-gauge fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) and single-incision with needle knife (SINK) were proposed to increase accuracy of diagnosis. This study aimed to prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and safety of EUS-FNB with SINK in patients with upper gastrointestinal SETs. Patients and methods All adult patients referred for EUS evaluation of upper gastrointestinal SETs ≥ 15 mm in size were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomized to undergo EUS-FNB or SINK. Lesions were sampled with a 22-gauge reverse beveled core needle in the EUS-FNB group and by a conventional needle-knife sphincterotome and biopsy forceps in the SINK group. Patients were blinded to the technique used. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy. Secondary outcomes included adverse events, histological yield and procedure duration. Study enrollment was terminated early due to poor recruitment. Results A total of 56 patients (31 male (55.37 %); mean age, 67.41 ± 12.70 years) were randomized to either EUS-FNB (n = 26) or SINK (n = 30). Technical success was 96.15 % and 96.66 %, respectively. The majority of lesions were gastrointestinal stromal tumors (51.78 %). No significant difference was found between EUS-FNB and SINK in terms of diagnostic accuracy for a malignant or benign disease (76 % vs. 89.28 %, respectively; P = 0.278). The rate of adverse events (none severe) was also comparable (7.69 % vs. 10 %, respectively; P = 1.0) including two abdominal pain episodes in the EUS-FNB group compared to two delayed bleeding (one requiring hospitalization and radiologic embolization) and 1 abdominal pain in the SINK group. Conclusion EUS-FNB and SINK are equally effective techniques for upper gastrointestinal SETs sampling. SINK can be associated with mild to moderate delayed bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Sanaei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Glòria Fernández-Esparrach
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, ICMDiM, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Carrara
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Vivek Kumbhari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mohamad H. El Zein
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Amr Ismail
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Angels Ginès
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, ICMDiM, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Sendino
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, ICMDiM, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Montenegro
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, ICMDiM, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Daoud Rahal
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Olaya I. Brewer Gutierrez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert Moran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Juliana Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nasim Parsa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher Paiji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mohamad Aghaie Meybodi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Eun Ji Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anne Marie Lennon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anthony N. Kalloo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Vikesh K. Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Marcia Irene Canto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mouen A. Khashab
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Ashat M, Soota K, Klair JS, Gupta S, Jensen C, Murali AR, Jesudoss R, El-Abiad R, Gerke H. Modified Endoscopic Ultrasound Needle to Obtain Histological Core Tissue Samples: A Retrospective Analysis. Clin Endosc 2020; 53:471-479. [PMID: 32019294 PMCID: PMC7403022 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2019.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration is very effective for providing specimens for cytological evaluation. However, the ability to provide sufficient tissue for histological evaluation has been challenging due to the technical limitations of dedicated core biopsy needles. Recently, a modified EUS needle has been introduced to obtain tissue core samples for histological analysis. We aimed to determine (1) its ability to obtain specimens for histological assessment and (2) the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) using this needle.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed consecutive cases of FNB using modified EUS needles for 342 lesions in 303 patients. The cytology and histological specimens were analyzed. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated.
Results Adequate cytological and histological assessment was possible in 293/342 (86%) and 264/342 (77%) lesions, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of the cytological specimen was 294/342 (86%) versus 254/342 (74%) for the histological specimen (p<0.01). Diagnostic accuracy of the combined cytological and histological assessment was 323/342 (94.4%), which was significantly higher than that of both histology alone (p<0.001) and cytology alone (p=0.001).
Conclusions EUS-FNB with the modified EUS needle provided histologic tissue cores in the majority of cases and achieved excellent diagnostic accuracy with few needle passes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Ashat
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kaartik Soota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jagpal S Klair
- Digestive Disease Institute, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chris Jensen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Arvind R Murali
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Randhir Jesudoss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rami El-Abiad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Henning Gerke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Adler DG, Muthusamy VR, Ehrlich DS, Parasher G, Thosani NC, Chen A, Buscaglia JM, Appannagari A, Quintero E, Aslanian H, Taylor LJ, Siddiqui A. A multicenter evaluation of a new EUS core biopsy needle: Experience in 200 patients. Endosc Ultrasound 2019; 8:99-104. [PMID: 29623911 PMCID: PMC6482605 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_53_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We present a multicenter study of a new endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) needle (Acquire, Boston Scientific, Natick, MA). The aim of the study was to analyze the needle's clinical performance when sampling solid lesions and to assess the safety of this device. METHODS We performed a multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing EUS-FNB during July 1-November 15, 2016. RESULTS Two hundred patients (121 males and 79 females) underwent EUS-FNB of solid lesions with the Acquire needle. Lesions included solid pancreatic masses (n = 109), adenopathy (n = 45), submucosal lesions (n = 34), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 8), liver lesions (n = 6), and other (n = 8). Mean lesion size was 30.6 mm (range: 3-100 mm). The mean number of passes per target lesion was 3 (range: 1-7). Rapid onsite cytologic evaluation (ROSE) by a cytologist was performed in all cases. Tissue obtained by EUS-FNB was adequate for evaluation and diagnosis by ROSE in 197/200 cases (98.5%). Data regarding the presence or absence of a core of tissue obtained after EUS-FNB were available in 145/200 procedures. In 131/145 (90%) of cases, a core of tissue was obtained. Thirteen out of 200 patients (6.5%) underwent some form of repeat EUS-based tissue acquisition after EUS-FNB with the Acquire needle. There were no adverse events. CONCLUSION Overall, this study showed a high rate of tissue adequacy and production of a tissue core with this device with no adverse events seen in 200 patients. Comparative studies of different FNB needles are warranted in the future to help identify which needle type and size is ideal in different clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G. Adler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - V. Raman Muthusamy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dean S. Ehrlich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gulshan Parasher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nirav C. Thosani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Buscaglia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anoop Appannagari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Eduardo Quintero
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Harry Aslanian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Linda Jo Taylor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
EUS-guided tissue acquisition technique plays an essential role for evaluation of gastrointestinal tumors. Several components affect the yield of EUS-guided tissue acquisition outcomes such as sampling techniques, use of ROSE (rapid onsite evaluation), training and experience, and needle designs. In this review we discuss advancement in EUS-guided fine needle sampling.
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Jiang H, Guo J, Wang K, Zhu H, Chen J, Xu C, Wang D, Jin Z. 22-Gauge biopsy needles have a better histological diagnostic yield in the discrimination of specific pancreatic solid neoplasms. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:101-107. [PMID: 30731044 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1564362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To overcome the limitations of using cytological specimen alone for the diagnosis of challenging pancreatic lesions, biopsy needles have been developed to procure histological specimens during EUS, especially for the discrimination of several specific pancreatic tumors requiring adequate histological samples. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of EUS-guided 22-gauge (G) fine needle aspiration (FNA) needles and 22G fine needle biopsy (FNB) needles for sampling pancreatic masses. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of all EUS-guided sampling performed between November 2012 and April 2016. 422 cases sampled with a 22G FNA needle (N = 254) or a 22G FNB needle (N = 168) were recruited for this study. The specimen quality analyses, technical characteristics, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs) for the pancreatic masses were reviewed and compared. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the procurement of adequate histological specimens (75.0% vs. 79.5%; p = .277) or the presence of diagnostic histological specimens (71.3% vs. 77.4%; p = .155) between FNA and FNB groups, respectively. There were also no significant differences in the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPVs, or NPVs of the cytological, histological, and overall analyses for FNA and FNB groups in the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy. However, 22G biopsy needles demonstrated a better histological diagnostic yield in the discrimination of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma pancreatic neoplasms than 22G FNA needles (69.8% vs. 57.9%, p = .033). CONCLUSIONS 22G FNB needle demonstrated a better histological diagnostic yield in the differentiation between pancreatic adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma pancreatic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Jiang
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Changhai Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiefang Guo
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Changhai Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Changhai Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Huiyun Zhu
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Changhai Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Jie Chen
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Changhai Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Can Xu
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Changhai Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Dong Wang
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Changhai Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhendong Jin
- a Department of Gastroenterology , Changhai Hospital , Shanghai , China
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Kandel P, Tranesh G, Nassar A, Bingham R, Raimondo M, Woodward TA, Gomez V, Wallace MB. EUS-guided fine needle biopsy sampling using a novel fork-tip needle: a case-control study. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 84:1034-1039. [PMID: 27018087 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS EUS-guided fine needle biopsy (FNB) sampling and FNA are important methods for obtaining core tissues and cytologic aspirates. To improve the specimen quality for pathologic evaluation, a novel EUS-FNB Shark Core (SC) needle has been designed to acquire core tissue during EUS procedures. We compared the histology yield of EUS-FNB sampling using the SC needle (EUS-FNB-SC) to EUS-FNA in patients who had solid pancreatic and nonpancreatic lesions. METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study design. Between July 2012 and July 2015 all patients who had EUS-FNB-SC and EUS-FNA were reviewed through a hospital EUS database. Consecutive samples from EUS-FNB-SCs were matched in a 1:3 ratio by lesion site (eg, pancreatic head) and needle gauge (ie, 19 gauge, 22 gauge, 25 gauge) to recent random samples of EUS-FNA. The procedures were performed with rapid onsite evaluation. For study purposes specimen slides were evaluated by 2 cytopathologists for histologic yield using a standard scoring system (0 = no material, 1-2 = cytologic, 3-5 = histologic). The main objectives were to assess the histologic yield of the samples and compare the median number of passes required to obtain core tissue by using EUS-FNB-SC and EUS-FNA needles. RESULTS Of the 156 patients included in study, 25% patients (n = 39) were in the EUS-FNB-SC group and 75% (n = 117) in the EUS-FNA group. According to standard scoring criteria for histology, the median histology score for EUS-FNA was 2 (sufficient for cytology but not histology) and for EUS-FNB-SC was 4 (sufficient for adequate histology). Ninety-five percent of the specimens obtained from the EUS-FNB-SC group were of sufficient size for histologic screening, compared with 59% from the EUS-FNA group (P = .01). The median number of passes required to achieve a sample was significantly lower in the EUS-FNB-SC group compared with the EUS-FNA group (2 passes vs 4 passes, P = .001). There was significant difference in the median number of passes to all lesion sites and needle gauges. CONCLUSIONS The histology yield was significantly higher using the EUS-FNB-SC needle compared with the EUS-FNA needle. Additionally, fewer passes were required to obtain histology cores when using EUS-FNB-SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujan Kandel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ghassan Tranesh
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Aziza Nassar
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Russell Bingham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Massimo Raimondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy A Woodward
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria Gomez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael B Wallace
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Jung YS, Lee H, Kim K, Sohn JH, Kim HJ, Park JH. Using Forceps Biopsy after Small Submucosal Dissection in the Diagnosis of Gastric Subepithelial Tumors. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1768-1774. [PMID: 27709855 PMCID: PMC5056209 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.11.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current tissue sampling techniques for subepithelial tumors (SETs) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have limited diagnostic efficacy. We evaluated the diagnostic yield and safety of forceps biopsies after small endoscopic submucosal dissection (SESD biopsies) in the diagnosis of gastric SETs. A total of 42 patients with gastric SETs > 10 mm were prospectively enrolled between May 2013 and October 2014. A dual knife was used to incise the mucosa and submucosa and forceps biopsies were then introduced deep into the lesion. To compare SESD biopsies with EUS-FNA, we used the retrospective data of 30 EUS-FNA cases. The diagnostic yield of SESD biopsies was comparable to that of EUS-FNA (35/42, 83.3% vs. 24/30, 80.0%, P = 0.717). The mean procedure time of SESD biopsies was shorter than that of EUS-FNA (10 vs. 37 minutes, P < 0.001). There were no procedure-related adverse events in the both group. The pathological diagnoses in SESD biopsies group included 15 leiomyomas, 7 GISTs, 10 heterotopic pancreases, 2 lipomas, and one other lesion. SESD biopsies are an easy, effective and safe technique for the diagnosis of gastric SETs and its diagnostic yield is comparable to that of EUS-FNA. This technique may be a reliable alternative to conventional EUS-FNA (Clinical trial registration No. KCT0000730).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Sohn
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Comparing endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) versus fine needle biopsy (FNB) in the diagnosis of solid lesions: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:198. [PMID: 27071386 PMCID: PMC4830051 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Linear endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) allows the visualization, identification, and characterization of the extent of lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and adjacent structures. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) facilitates a more accurate diagnosis of mediastinal, intra-abdominal, and pancreatic lesions through the collection of the cytological material under direct visualization. Recent reports suggest that histological samples can be obtained by EUS-FNA with a reverse, bevel-tipped needle (the ProCore needle) to collect the core samples (fine needle biopsy, FNB), thereby adding a new dimension to the diagnostic usefulness of this technique. Certain neoplasms, such as lymphoma and stromal tumors, can be assessed by EUS-FNB to confirm the diagnosis. Here, we aimed to carry out a prospective, multicenter, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial to compare EUS-FNB and EUS-FNA. Methods/design A total of 408 patients will be enrolled from five endoscopic centers. Patients will be divided into two groups: (1) group A, which is the EUS regular needle group (EUS-FNA) and (2) group B, which is the EUS ProCore needle group (EUS-FNB). Patients in group A will be examined with a 22G EchoTip Ultra needle, and patients in group B, with a 22G EchoTip ProCore needle. For all included patients, four EUS-guided passes will be made in each lesion. In the first and second pass, a slow-pull suction method of the stylet will be done. The third and fourth pass will use manual suction of 5 cc. The primary objective is to compare the diagnostic yield of malignancy by EUS-FNA versus EUS-FNB. Discussion The trial will compare samples obtained by EUS-FNA versus EUS-FNB for the diagnostic yield of solid lesions. The efficacy of these two sampling methods will be assessed on various lesions, which may provide insights into developing practice guidelines for their future indications. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov, NCT02327065.
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13
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Yang Y, Li L, Qu C, Liang S, Zeng B, Luo Z. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle core biopsy for the diagnosis of pancreatic malignant lesions: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22978. [PMID: 26960914 PMCID: PMC4785370 DOI: 10.1038/srep22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle core biopsy (EUS-FNB) has been used as an effective method of diagnosing pancreatic malignant lesions. It has the advantage of providing well preserved tissue for histologic grading and subsequent molecular biological analysis. In order to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNB for pancreatic malignant lesions, studies assessing EUS-FNB to diagnose solid pancreatic masses were selected via Medline. Sixteen articles published between 2005 and 2015, covering 828 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The summary estimates for EUS-FNB differentiating malignant from benign solid pancreatic masses were: sensitivity 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82–0.87); specificity 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93–1.00); positive likelihood ratio 8.0 (95% CI 4.5–14.4); negative likelihood ratio 0.17 (95% CI 0.10–0.26); and DOR 64 (95% CI 30.4–134.8). The area under the sROC curve was 0.96. Subgroup analysis did not identify other factors that could substantially affect the diagnostic accuracy, such as the study design, location of study, number of centers, location of lesion, whether or not a cytopathologist was present, and so on. EUS-FNB is a reliable diagnostic tool for solid pancreatic masses and should be especially considered for pathology where histologic morphology is preferred for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changmin Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuwen Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bolun Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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DeWitt J, Cho CM, Lin J, Al-Haddad M, Canto MI, Salamone A, Hruban RH, Messallam AA, Khashab MA. Comparison of EUS-guided tissue acquisition using two different 19-gauge core biopsy needles: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, and blinded study. Endosc Int Open 2015; 3:E471-8. [PMID: 26528504 PMCID: PMC4612231 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1392222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The optimal core biopsy needle for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is unknown. The principle aim of this study is to compare outcomes of EUS-fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) with a new 19-gauge EUS histology needle (ProCore, Cook Medical Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States) to a conventional 19-gauge Tru-Cut biopsy (EUS-TCB) needle (19G, Quick-Core, Cook Medical Inc.). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients referred for EUS who require possible histologic biopsy were prospectively randomized to EUS-FNB or EUS-TCB. With the initial needle, ≤ 3 biopsies were obtained until either technical failure or an adequate core was obtained. Patients with suspected inadequate biopsies were crossed over to the other needle and similarly ≤ 3 passes were obtained until adequate cores or technical failure occurred. Technical success, diagnostic histology, accuracy and complication rates were evaluated. RESULTS Eighty-five patients (mean 58 years; 43 male) were randomized to FNB (n = 44) and TCB (n = 41) with seven patients excluded. Procedure indication, biopsy site, mass size, number of passes, puncture site, overall technical success and adverse events were similar between the two groups. FNB specimens had a higher prevalence of diagnostic histology (85 % vs. 57 %; P = 0.006), accuracy (88 % vs. 62 %; P = 0.02), mean total length (19.4 vs. 4.3 mm; P = 0.001), mean complete portal triads from liver biopsies (10.4 vs. 1.3; P = 0.0004) and required fewer crossover biopsies compared to those of TCB (2 % vs. 65 %; P = 0.0001). Overall technical success and complication rates were comparable. CONCLUSION EUS-FNB using a 19-gauge FNB needle is superior to 19-gauge EUS-TCB needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John DeWitt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indiana University Health Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States,Corresponding author John DeWitt, MD, FASGE, FACG, Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyIndiana University Medical Center550 N. University Blvd., UH 4100Indianapolis, IN 46202United States1-317-278-8144
| | - Chang-Min Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indiana University Health Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Jingmei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University Health Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Mohammad Al-Haddad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indiana University Health Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Marcia Irene Canto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ashley Salamone
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Messallam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mouen A. Khashab
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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15
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Soh JS, Lee HS, Lee S, Bae J, Lee HJ, Park SH, Yang DH, Kim KJ, Ye BD, Myung SJ, Yang SK, Kim JH, Byeon JS. The clinical usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration and biopsy for rectal and perirectal lesions. Intest Res 2015; 13:135-44. [PMID: 25931998 PMCID: PMC4414755 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2015.13.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration and/or biopsy (EUS-FNA/B) have been used to diagnose subepithelial tumors (SETs) and extraluminal lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Our group previously reported the usefulness of EUS-FNA/B for rectal and perirectal lesions. This study reports our expanded experience with EUS-FNA/B for rectal and perirectal lesions in terms of diagnostic accuracy and safety. We also included our new experience with EUS-FNB using the recently introduced ProCore needle. METHODS From April 2009 to March 2014, EUS-FNA/B for rectal and perirectal lesions was performed in 30 consecutive patients. We evaluated EUS-FNA/B performance by comparing histological diagnoses with final results. We also investigated factors affecting diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Among 10 patients with SETs, EUS-FNA/B specimen results revealed a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 4 patients and malignant lymphoma in 1 patient. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA/B was 50% for SETs (5/10). Among 20 patients with non-SET lesions, 8 patients were diagnosed with malignant disease and 7 were diagnosed with benign disease based on both EUS-FNA/B and the final results. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA/B for non-SET lesions was 75% (15/20). The size of lesions was the only factor related to diagnostic accuracy (P=0.027). Two complications of mild fever and asymptomatic pneumoperitoneum occurred after EUS-FNA/B. CONCLUSIONS The overall diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA/B for rectal and perirectal lesions was 67% (20/30). EUS-FNA/B is a clinically useful method for cytological and histological diagnoses of rectal and perirectal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seung Soh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Su Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seohyun Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungho Bae
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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EUS-guided tissue acquisition: an evidence-based approach (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 80:939-59.e7. [PMID: 25434654 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Kim EY. Fine-needle biopsy: should this be the first choice in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition? Clin Endosc 2014; 47:425-8. [PMID: 25325002 PMCID: PMC4198559 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2014.47.5.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition is an indispensable technique for the diagnosis of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and adjacent structures. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is known for its high accuracy and low complication rate. However, the outcome of EUS-FNA highly depends on several factors such as the location and characteristics of the lesion, endosonographer's experience, technique of sampling and sample preparation, type and size of the needle used, and presence of a cytopathologist for rapid on-site examination. EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy is useful to obtain core tissue samples with relatively fewer passes. Aspiration of core tissue with preserved architecture is beneficial for the diagnosis of certain diseases and the performance of ancillary testing such as tumor molecular profiling. Issues related to needle size, type, and their acquired samples for cytologic and histologic evaluation are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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18
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Kim GH, Cho YK, Kim EY, Kim HK, Cho JW, Lee TH, Moon JS. Comparison of 22-gauge aspiration needle with 22-gauge biopsy needle in endoscopic ultrasonography-guided subepithelial tumor sampling. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:347-54. [PMID: 24325591 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.867361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) may facilitate tissue sampling for histopathological diagnosis of subepithelial tumors (SETs) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, immunohistochemistry is not always feasible using EUS-FNA samples due to the low quality of specimens often obtained by aspiration. This study aimed to compare the use of 22-gauge (G) EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) with 22G EUS-FNA for core sampling used for histopathological examination, including immunohistochemistry, in patients with GI SETs. METHODS. Twenty-eight patients with GI SETs ≥2 cm in size were prospectively enrolled at five university hospitals in Korea between January and June 2013. They were randomized to undergo either EUS-FNB or EUS-FNA. RESULTS. A total of 22 patients was finally analyzed in this study: 10 and 12 patients underwent EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB, respectively. Compared to the EUS-FNA group, the EUS-FNB group had a significantly lower median number of needle passes to obtain macroscopically optimal core samples (4 vs. 2, p = 0.025); higher yield rates of macroscopically and histologically optimal core samples with three needle passes (30% vs. 92%, p = 0.006; 20% vs. 75%, p = 0.010, respectively); and a higher diagnostic sufficiency rate (20% vs. 75%, p = 0.010). No technical difficulties were encountered in either group. CONCLUSIONS. This study shows that EUS-FNB has a better ability to obtain histological core samples and a higher diagnostic sufficiency rate than EUS-FNA and that EUS-FNB is a feasible, safe, and preferable modality for adequate core sampling for histopathological diagnosis of GI SETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , Korea
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Shin EJ, Khashab M. The role of endoscopy in the treatment, management, and personalization of pancreatic cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2013; 37:293-300. [PMID: 24331185 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kedia P, Gaidhane M, Kahaleh M. Technical Advances in Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)-Guided Tissue Acquisition for Pancreatic Cancers: How Can We Get the Best Results with EUS-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration? Clin Endosc 2013; 46:552-62. [PMID: 24143320 PMCID: PMC3797943 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is one of the least invasive and most effective modality in diagnosing pancreatic adenocarcinoma in solid pancreatic lesions, with a higher diagnostic accuracy than cystic tumors. EUS-FNA has been shown to detect tumors less than 3 mm, due to high spatial resolution allowing the detection of very small lesions and vascular invasion, particularly in the pancreatic head and neck, which may not be detected on transverse computed tomography. Furthermore, this minimally invasive procedure is often ideal in the endoscopic procurement of tissue in patients with unresectable tumors. While EUS-FNA has been increasingly used as a diagnostic tool, most studies have collectively looked at all primary pancreatic solid lesions, including lymphomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, whereas very few studies have examined the diagnostic utility of EUS-FNA of pancreatic ductal carcinoma only. As with any novel and advanced endoscopic procedure that may incorporate several practices and approaches, endoscopists have adopted diverse techniques to improve the tissue procurement practice and increase diagnostic accuracy. In this article, we present a review of literature to date and discuss currently practiced EUS-FNA technique, including indications, technical details, equipment, patient selection, and diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kedia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Kim JH, Chung JW, Ha M, Rim MY, Lee JJ, An J, Kim YJ, Kim KO, Kwon KA, Park DK, Kim YS, Choi DJ. A feasible modified biopsy method for tissue diagnosis of gastric subepithelial tumors. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4752-4757. [PMID: 23922473 PMCID: PMC3732848 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i29.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of a modified technique for the histological diagnosis of subepithelial tumors (SETs).
METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent a modified technique for the histological diagnosis of gastric SETs, consisting of a mucosal incision with a fixed flexible snare (MIF) and deep-tissue biopsy under conventional endoscopic view, from January 2012 to January 2013 was performed. Eleven patients with gastric SETs 10-30 mm in diameter and originating from the third or fourth layer on endoscopic ultrasonography were included.
RESULTS: The mean age was 59.8 (range, 45-76) years, and 5 patients were male. The mean size of the SETs was 21.8 (range, 11-30) mm. The number of biopsy specimens was 6.3 (range 5-8). The mean procedure time was 9.0 min (range, 4-17 min). The diagnostic yield of MIF biopsies was 90.9% (10/11). The histological diagnoses were leiomyoma (4/11, 36.4%), aberrant pancreas (3/11, 27.3%), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (2/11, 18.2%), an inflammatory fibrinoid tumor (1/11, 9.1%); one result was non-diagnostic (1/11, 9.1%). There were six mesenchymal tumors; the specimens obtained in each case were sufficient for an immunohistochemical diagnosis. There was no major bleeding, but one perforation occurred that was successfully controlled by endoscopic clipping.
CONCLUSION: The MIF biopsy was simple to perform, safe, and required a shorter procedure time, with a high diagnostic yield for small SETs.
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Fujii LL, Chari ST, El-Youssef M, Takahashi N, Topazian MD, Zhang L, Levy MJ. Pediatric pancreatic EUS-guided trucut biopsy for evaluation of autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77:824-8. [PMID: 23433594 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L Fujii
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Kobara H, Mori H, Fujihara S, Nishiyama N, Kobayashi M, Kamata H, Masaki T. Bloc biopsy by using submucosal endoscopy with a mucosal flap method for gastric subepithelial tumor tissue sampling (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77:141-5. [PMID: 23021164 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Tharian B, Tsiopoulos F, George N, Pietro SD, Attili F, Larghi A. Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration: Technique and applications in clinical practice. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 4:532-44. [PMID: 23293723 PMCID: PMC3536850 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v4.i12.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its initial report in 1992, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has now been incorporated into the diagnostic and staging algorithm for the evaluation of benign and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and of adjacent organs. Its introduction constitutes a major breakthrough in the endoscopic field and has gradually transformed EUS from a pure imaging modality into a more interventional. In addition, the possibility of collecting samples, providing a definitive cytological and/or histological evidence of the presence of malignancy, has strongly contributed to changing EUS from a subjective, highly operator dependant procedure into a more objective one. This article will review the instrumentation, technique and the most important clinical applications of EUS-FNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Tharian
- Benjamin Tharian, Fotios Tsiopoulos, Nayana George, Salvatore Di Pietro, Fabia Attili, Alberto Larghi, Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
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25
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Randomized trial comparing the 22-gauge aspiration and 22-gauge biopsy needles for EUS-guided sampling of solid pancreatic mass lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76:321-7. [PMID: 22658389 PMCID: PMC4148209 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.03.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To overcome limitations of cytology, biopsy needles have been developed to procure histologic samples during EUS. OBJECTIVE To compare 22-gauge (G) FNA and 22G biopsy needles (FNB) for EUS-guided sampling of solid pancreatic masses. DESIGN Randomized trial. SETTING Tertiary-care medical center. PATIENTS This study involved 56 patients with solid pancreatic masses. INTERVENTION Sampling of pancreatic masses by using 22G FNA or 22G FNB devices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Compare the median number of passes required to establish the diagnosis, diagnostic sufficiency, technical performance, complication rates, procurement of the histologic core, and quality of the histologic specimen. RESULTS A total of 28 patients were randomized to the FNA group and 28 to the FNB group. There was no significant difference in median number of passes required to establish the diagnosis (1 [interquartile range 1-2.5] vs 1 [interquartile range 1-1]; P = .21), rates of diagnostic sufficiency (100% vs 89.3%; P = .24), technical failure (0 vs 3.6%; P = 1.0), or complications (3.6% for both) between FNA and FNB needles, respectively. Patients in whom diagnosis was established in passes 1, 2, and 3 were 64.3% versus 67.9%, 10.7% versus 17.9%, and 25% versus 3.6%, respectively, for FNA and FNB cohorts. There was no significant difference in procurement of the histologic core (100% vs 83.3%; P = .26) or the presence of diagnostic histologic specimens (66.7% vs 80%; P = .66) between FNA and FNB cohorts, respectively. LIMITATIONS Only pancreatic masses were evaluated. CONCLUSION Diagnostic sufficiency, technical performance, and safety profiles of FNA and FNB needles are comparable. There was no significant difference in yield or quality of the histologic core between the 2 needle types.
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26
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Varadarajulu S, Fockens P, Hawes RH. Best practices in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10:697-703. [PMID: 22475740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration has evolved to become an indispensable tool for tissue acquisition in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. The technique is useful for biopsy of mucosal and submucosal lesions in which prior endoscopic biopsies have been nondiagnostic; to sample peri-intestinal structures such as lymph nodes; and to sample masses in the pancreas, liver, adrenal glands, gallbladder, and bile duct. Also, with the advent of neoadjuvant therapies for diseases such as pancreatic cancer, most patients require a tissue diagnosis before initiating treatment. This review provides a perspective on technical issues that are key for best practices in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Varadarajulu
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA.
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Ramesh J, Varadarajulu S. How can we get the best results with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration? Clin Endosc 2012; 45:132-7. [PMID: 22866253 PMCID: PMC3401616 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2012.45.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has evolved to become an indispensable tool for tissue acquisition. While the overall diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA is greater than 90% for lung cancer staging, it is lower for pancreatic mass lesions. Several factors such as location of the tumor, disease characteristics and procedural techniques determine the outcomes of EUS-FNA. In this review we evaluate the various technical factors that are keys to attaining optimal procedural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapal Ramesh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shyam Varadarajulu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the contemporary management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), including endoscopy, surgery, and systemic therapy, highlighting the aspects unique to small intestinal tumors. RECENT FINDINGS Tumor size, mitotic count, and site of origin are the three key prognostic factors, with mitotic count being the single strongest predictor of recurrence. Tumors arising in the small bowel have worse prognosis than those of comparable size and mitotic count arising in other organs. Endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided, fine-needle aspiration are key components in the diagnosis of GIST. The role of endoscopy in surveillance and resection remain investigational. Surgery, either open or laparoscopic, remains the only curative option, but recurrence rates are high. Adjuvant therapy with imatinib mesylate improves recurrence-free survival rates and may improve overall survival (OS) with longer duration of treatment. Neoadjuvant imatinib may play an important role in the management of patients with locally advanced disease. For patients with advanced disease, first-line imatinib and second-line sunitinib malate have improved progression-free and OS rates. Systemic treatment should be continued life-long or until treatment failure. SUMMARY Advances in the last decade have dramatically changed the management and prognosis of patients with primary and advanced GIST.
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29
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Chandrasekhara V, Ginsberg GG. Endoscopic management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2012; 13:532-9. [PMID: 21931997 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-011-0224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Subepithelial lesions are increasingly being identified with improved endoscopic imaging technologies. Many of these lesions are now recognized as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Recent advances in immunohistochemistry have allowed for reliable differentiation of GISTs from other subepithelial tumors, thereby significantly improving our understanding of these lesions. The wealth of recent information and continual evolution in our understanding of GISTs has exposed some knowledge gaps pertaining to the optimal management of these lesions. In this article, we review the endoscopic management of GISTs as it relates to the identification, diagnosis and management of these lesions based on the best available literature and our own clinical experience to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Chandrasekhara
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, GI Division, 3 Ravdin, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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30
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Stavropoulos SN, Im GY, Jlayer Z, Harris MD, Pitea TC, Turi GK, Malet PF, Friedel DM, Grendell JH. High yield of same-session EUS-guided liver biopsy by 19-gauge FNA needle in patients undergoing EUS to exclude biliary obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 75:310-8. [PMID: 22248599 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2011.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EUS-guided liver biopsy by Trucut yields variable specimen adequacy at high cost, limiting its utility. A modified EUS-guided technique with reliable adequacy could be a viable alternative to standard techniques in cost-effective clinical settings. OBJECTIVE To describe our experience with EUS-guided liver biopsy by 19-gauge FNA, non-Trucut, needle in a cost-effective setting: patients with abnormal liver test results of unclear etiology referred for EUS to exclude biliary obstruction in whom an unrevealing EUS would have prompted a next-step liver biopsy by the referring physician. DESIGN Prospective case series. SETTING Tertiary-care teaching hospital. PATIENTS Consecutive patients with abnormal liver tests referred for EUS. INTERVENTIONS EUS-guided liver biopsy by 19-gauge FNA needle (non-Trucut). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Diagnostic yield, specimen adequacy, and complications. An adequate specimen was defined as a length of 15 mm or longer and 6 or more complete portal tracts (CPTs). RESULTS Between July 2008 and July 2011, 22 of 31 consecutive patients meeting inclusion criteria underwent unrevealing EUS with same-session EUS-guided liver biopsy by 19-gauge FNA needle. A median of 2 FNA passes (range 1-3) yielded a median specimen length of 36.9 mm (range 2-184.6 mm) with a median of 9 CPTs (range 1-73 CPTs). EUS-guided liver biopsies yielded a histologic diagnosis and adequate specimens in 20 of 22 patients (91%). Expanded experience led to improved specimen adequacy. There were no complications. LIMITATION Small study size. CONCLUSIONS EUS-guided liver biopsy by using a 19-gauge FNA needle appears to be feasible and safe and provides excellent diagnostic yield and specimen adequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros N Stavropoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
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31
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Clinical impact of EUS-guided Trucut biopsy results on decision making for patients with gastric subepithelial tumors ≥ 2 cm in diameter. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74:1010-8. [PMID: 21889136 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2011.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative pathologic diagnosis of a gastric subepithelial tumor (SET) may improve clinical decision making. However, the clinical impact of EUS-guided Trucut biopsy (EUS-TCB) data on decision making in patients with a gastric SET has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of EUS-TCB information on the clinical management of patients with a gastric SET. DESIGN Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Sixty-five patients with gastric SETs 2 cm or larger in diameter. INTERVENTION EUS-TCB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The number of patients for whom treatment plans were changed because of EUS-TCB results. RESULTS Nine SETs were not punctured by the TCB needle because of technical problems, and we were unable to obtain adequate subepithelial tissue from 19 SETs. Treatment plans were changed for 18 of 65 patients (27.7%). The changes were avoiding unnecessary resection (7 benign SETs ≥ 3 cm in diameter), scheduling for definitive treatment (6 GI stromal tumors and 1 carcinoid tumor), and modifying the surgical field (3 large GI stromal tumors and 1 carcinoma). When we assessed treatment plans relative to tumor location, we found that avoiding unnecessary resection was associated with the presence of cardiac SETs. LIMITATIONS Retrospective study with a small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS EUS-TCB changed or influenced management decisions in 18 of 65 patients (27.7%) with gastric SETs. Patients could receive proper and tailored surgery, medical treatment, or surveillance according to size and location of SETs with EUS-TCB.
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de la Serna-Higuera C, Pérez-Miranda M, Díez-Redondo P, Gil-Simón P, Herranz T, Pérez-Martín E, Ochoa C, Caro-Patón A. EUS-guided single-incision needle-knife biopsy: description and results of a new method for tissue sampling of subepithelial GI tumors (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74:672-6. [PMID: 21872716 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2011.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic efficacy of current tissue sampling techniques for upper GI subepithelial tumors (SETs) appears to be limited. Better tissue acquisition techniques are needed to improve the diagnostic yield in this setting. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine the safety and diagnostic yield of EUS-guided needle-knife incision and forceps biopsy (SINK biopsy) of upper GI SETs. DESIGN Retrospective database review. SETTING Academic tertiary-care referral center. PATIENTS This study involved 14 consecutive patients referred for EUS evaluation of upper GI SETs with previous unsuccessful attempts at tissue diagnosis by conventional forceps biopsy. INTERVENTION EUS-guided needle-knife incision and forceps biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The safety and diagnostic yield of this method, compared with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), when possible. RESULTS SINK biopsy provided tissue samples that were sufficient for definite histologic diagnosis in 13 of 14 cases (diagnostic yield 92.8%). There were 8 gastric GI stromal tumors. In 7 of 8, the size of SINK specimens allowed immunohistochemical analysis, and the evaluation of malignant potential was carried out by means of mitotic index determination in 5 cases (71.42%). SINK biopsies determined the pathological diagnosis of all (4 of 4) nonmesenchymal lesions. Eight patients underwent both EUS-FNA and SINK, with final histologic diagnosis determined in 6 of 8 cases (75%) by SINK versus 1 of 8 cases (12.5%) by EUS-FNA (Fisher exact test, P = .023). There were no procedure-related complications. LIMITATIONS A single-center, retrospective analysis with small sample size. CONCLUSION SINK biopsy appears to be an easy, safe, and effective technique for determining the definitive pathological diagnosis, evaluation of the malignant potential, and planning management of SETs. It could be a reliable alternative to conventional FNA, providing larger samples that improve the histologic yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de la Serna-Higuera
- Division of Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, Río Hortega Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
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33
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Larghi A, Verna EC, Ricci R, Seerden TC, Galasso D, Carnuccio A, Uchida N, Rindi G, Costamagna G. EUS-guided fine-needle tissue acquisition by using a 19-gauge needle in a selected patient population: a prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74:504-10. [PMID: 21872709 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to obtain tissue samples for histological examination during EUS has theoretical advantages over cytology alone. OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the feasibility and yield of EUS-guided fine-needle tissue acquisition (EUS-FNTA) with a large-gauge needle in patients in whom we expected histology to be more useful than cytology to reach a definitive diagnosis. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENTS Consecutive patients with subepithelial lesions, esophagogastric wall thickening, mediastinal and abdominal masses/lymphadenopathy of unknown origin, or pancreatic lesions after nondiagnostic FNA. INTERVENTIONS EUS-FNTA with a 19-gauge needle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Feasibility and yield of EUS-FNTA. RESULTS A total of 120 patients with a mean age of 61 ± 14.6 years and mean lesion size of 38 ± 25 mm (range 8-140 mm) were enrolled. FNTA was successfully performed in all but 1 patient (98.9%), and adequate samples for histological examination were obtained in 116 of the 119 patients (97.5%) in whom EUS-FNTA was technically successful. A mean of 2.8 ± 0.8 passes per patient were performed. At the time of current follow-up, a definitive diagnosis was available in 117 of the 120 patients (97.5%), with only 8 false-negative results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNTA in the 117 patients with a definitive diagnosis were 91.8%, 100%, 100%, 71.4%, and 93.2%, respectively. LIMITATIONS Single-center study with limited power. CONCLUSIONS EUS-FNTA by using a large-gauge needle has a high yield and promising diagnostic accuracy and could be used when histology may be more useful than cytology to reach a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Larghi
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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34
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Keswani RN, Nayar R, Mahajan A, Komanduri S. Touch preparation of jumbo forceps biopsies allows rapid adequacy assessment of subepithelial GI masses. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74:411-4. [PMID: 21620400 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2011.03.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh N Keswani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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35
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Jenssen C, Dietrich CF. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and trucut biopsy in gastroenterology - An overview. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2009; 23:743-59. [PMID: 19744637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biopsies are reliable, safe and effective techniques in obtaining samples for cytological or histological examinations either as a primary procedure or in cases where other biopsy techniques have failed. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA), as well as endoscopic ultrasound-guided trucut biopsy (EUS-TCB), has proven to be of significant value in the diagnostic evaluation of benign and malignant diseases, as well as in staging of the malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and of adjacent organs. The diagnostic yield of EUS-guided biopsies depends on site, size and characteristics of target tissues as well as technical and procedural factors (type of needle, biopsy technique and material processing). Other weighting factors include expertise, training and interaction between the endosonographer and cytopathologist. Rapid on-site cytological evaluation has proven to be successful in optimising the diagnostic efficiency of EUS-FNA. A sensible alternative is to collect specimens for histological and immunohistochemical investigations in addition to the cytological smears. EUS-FNA using a 22-gauge needle is successful in harvesting core biopsies in approximately three out of four cases. Therefore, the use of 19-gauge needles for EUS-FNA or EUS-TCB may only be necessary in selected cases. The reproducibility of cytopathological diagnosis among pathologists with special experience in assessing material obtained by EUS-guided biopsies is very high. False-positive diagnosis of malignancy in EUS-guided biopsy is rare. False-negative diagnosis appears with variable frequency depending on the target tissue, technical factors and expertise of the endosonographer and cytopathologist. There are numerous challenges and pitfalls in the differential diagnostic classification of benign and malignant lesions. These problems are related to the characteristics of samples obtained by EUS-guided biopsy, as well as to the multiple diagnoses with similar or overlapping cytological or histological characteristics. The high prognostic and therapeutic relevance of the cytopathological diagnoses resulting from EUS-guided biopsy calls for a shared responsibility of an endosonographer and a cytopathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenssen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany
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36
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Kipp BR, Pereira TC, Souza PC, Gleeson FC, Levy MJ, Clayton AC. Comparison of EUS-guided FNA and Trucut biopsy for diagnosing and staging abdominal and mediastinal neoplasms. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:549-56. [PMID: 19217057 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate endoscopic ultrasound Trucut biopsy (TCB) specimens and compare these findings to fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens for the diagnosis of neoplasia. FNA and TCB specimens were reviewed in blinded fashion by a cytopathologist from patients (N = 93) who had EUS-guided FNA and TCB specimens collected between July 2000 and January 2005. Specimens were categorized as nondiagnostic, negative, suspicious for stromal neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy, positive for stromal neoplasm, or positive for malignancy. Standard final diagnosis based on clinical and/or pathologic follow-up was available for 86 of 93 patients. The final diagnoses comprised malignancy (n = 55), stromal neoplasm (n = 19), and benign findings (n = 12). The combination of FNA and TCB results combined were significantly (P < 0.001) more sensitive that FNA alone for the detection of both malignancy (78% vs. 55%) and stromal neoplasia (79% vs. 19%) without a significant change in overall specificity (92% vs. 100%, P = 1.00). A positive FNA specimen with a negative/nondiagnostic TCB result was established in seven patients with malignancy. A positive TCB diagnosis with a negative/nondiagnostic FNA result was noted in five patients with malignancy. A suspicious FNA result was upgraded to positive in conjunction with TCB specimen evaluation in eight patients with malignancy. The results of this study suggest that TCB is a useful adjunctive technique when used in tandem with FNA for malignancy and stromal neoplasia detection. Additional data are needed to firmly establish practice guidelines for the use of EUS-guided TCB specimens in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Kipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
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37
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Mizuno N, Bhatia V, Hosoda W, Sawaki A, Hoki N, Hara K, Takagi T, Ko SBH, Yatabe Y, Goto H, Yamao K. Histological diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis using EUS-guided trucut biopsy: a comparison study with EUS-FNA. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44:742-50. [PMID: 19434362 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-009-0062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided trucut biopsy (TCB) for diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). METHODS Fourteen patients with suspected AIP based on imaging studies underwent both EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and EUS-TCB for diagnosis of AIP and exclusion of pancreatic cancer (PC). According to the revised Japanese clinical diagnostic criteria, AIP was diagnosed in eight while the remaining six patients had pancreatitis of other etiologies. Pathologically, AIP was defined as lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP), and sub-divided into two types: definite LPSP (d-LPSP) showing fulspectrum of LPSP and probable LPSP (p-LPSP) without obliterative phlebitis or abundant (>10 cells/hpf) IgG4-positive plasmacytes infiltration. RESULTS PC was excluded in all patients. EUS-FNA resulted in three of eight patients with AIP were reported as p-LPSP, one was reported as normal, and 4 were inconclusive. One of six with non-autoimmune pancreatitis was diagnosed as p-LPSP on EUS-FNA, one as idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP) and four were inconclusive. By using EUS-TCB, all AIP patients were diagnosed as LPSP (4 d-LPSP and 4 p-LPSP). Of the six patients with non-autoimmune pancreatitis, three were diagnosed as LPSP (1 d-LPSP and 2 p-LPSP) and three showed ICP on TCB. No complications were identified in any patient with either EUS-FNA or TCB. CONCLUSION EUS-TCB is a safe and accurate procedure for obtaining a histological diagnosis in patients with suspected AIP. EUS-TCB can serve as a rescue technique in cases of AIP lacking typical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumasa Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, and Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan.
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Möller K, Papanikolaou IS, Toermer T, Delicha EM, Sarbia M, Schenck U, Koch M, Al-Abadi H, Meining A, Schmidt H, Schulz HJ, Wiedenmann B, Rösch T. EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic masses: high yield of 2 passes with combined histologic-cytologic analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 70:60-9. [PMID: 19394012 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) is an established tissue-acquisition technique, with most studies concentrating on cytologic analyses of specimens, with only few data existing on histologic assessment. OBJECTIVE To assess the sensitivity of a combined analysis of histologic followed by cytologic tissue diagnosis. DESIGN A retrospective 3-center study. METHODS In consecutive patients undergoing FNA of solid pancreatic masses, core specimens were harvested for histology; residual tissue was examined cytologically. Only unequivocally positive results were regarded as malignant. Criterion standards were positive results from EUS-FNA or other histologic findings, or, if negative, clinical follow-up data (minimum 12 months). RESULTS Among 192 patients (110 men; mean age 63 years) with mostly pancreatic-head masses (72.4%), overall, adequate tissue was obtained in 98.9% of all cases, with a mean of 1.88 needle passes and an overall sensitivity of 82.9% (95% CI, 76.0%-88.5%). Histology and subsequent cytology provided adequate tissue and sensitivities of 86.5% and 60%, and 92.7% and 68.1%, respectively. Excluding cases with inadequate specimens, sensitivities rose by 4% to 10%. Histology showed a trend for superiority over cytology only in characterizing nonadenocarcinoma tumor types. No differences in sensitivity were found between the centers involved. LIMITATIONS Retrospective design, different processing of cytologic specimens. CONCLUSIONS At EUS-FNA in pancreatic masses, combined histologic-cytologic analysis achieved a sensitivity of more than 80%, despite a low number of needle passes and may thus save time. Histology alone did not reach higher sensitivity than cytology. In particular situations, eg, rare tumors, histology may still be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Möller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Oskar-Ziethen Hospital Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
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Hwang CY, Lee SS, Song TJ, Moon SH, Lee D, Park DH, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim MH. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in diagnosis of pancreatic and peripancreatic lesions: a single center experience in Korea. Gut Liver 2009; 3:116-21. [PMID: 20431733 PMCID: PMC2852702 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2009.3.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Although endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has been introduced and its use has been increasing in Korea, there have not been many reports about its performance. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of EUS-FNA without on-site cytopathologist in establishing the diagnosis of solid pancreatic and peripancreatic masses from a single institution in Korea. Methods Medical records of 139 patients who underwent EUS-FNA for pancreatic and peripancreatic solid mass in the year 2007, were retrospectively reviewed. By comparing cytopathologic diagnosis of FNA with final diagnosis, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined, and factors influencing the accuracy as well as complications were analyzed. Results One hundred twenty out of 139 cases had final diagnosis of malignancy. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EUS-FNA were 82%, 89%, and 83%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 46%, respectively. As for factors influencing the accuracy of FNA, lesion size was marginally significant (p-value 0.08) by multivariate analysis. Conclusions EUS-FNA performed without on-site cytopathologist was found to be accurate and safe, and thus EUS-FNA should be a part of the standard management algorithm for pancreatic and peripancreatic mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yun Hwang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract and are frequently detected on routine endoscopy. Although only approximately 10-30% of GISTs are clinically malignant, all may have some degree of malignant potential. Preoperative determination of malignancy risk can be estimated from tumor size and location, but reliable histopathologic criteria are not currently available. Given such biological uncertainty, accurate diagnosis is essential to differentiate these lesions from other truly benign, subepithelial tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration has emerged as an important procedure to secure a tissue diagnosis of a GIST. When encountering GISTs, gastroenterologists are faced with challenging management decisions, especially in the face of small, incidentally discovered lesions. The majority of localized GISTs are managed via surgical resection, although a select few may be observed using serial endoscopic ultrasound examinations. This Review provides a general overview of GISTs, with an emphasis on their endoscopic diagnosis, the management of localized disease, and the management of incidentally discovered GISTs.
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Gerke H, Rizk MK, Vanderheyden AD, Jensen CS. Randomized study comparing endoscopic ultrasound-guided Trucut biopsy and fine needle aspiration with high suction. Cytopathology 2009; 21:44-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2009.00656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The additional value of EUS-guided Tru-cut biopsy to EUS-guided FNA in patients with mediastinal lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 69:1045-51. [PMID: 19249038 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE EUS-guided FNA is a sensitive method to obtain cytologic specimens from solid lesions in close proximity to the GI tract. Although FNA provides cells for analysis, large-caliber Tru-cut biopsy (EUS-TCB) needles obtain samples that can be used for additional histopathologic analysis. We assessed the additional diagnostic yield of EUS-TCB in patients with solid mediastinal lesions in whom EUS-FNA was performed. PATIENTS AND DESIGN In the period from July 2003 to July 2007, all patients with mediastinal lesions accessible to EUS-FNA and EUS-TCB were evaluated. In all patients, a mean of 3 passes of EUS-FNA was followed by EUS-TCB. Cytologic and histologic specimens were evaluated by 2 pathologists blinded for patient condition. A final diagnosis was obtained by combining all information present (EUS-FNA and EUS-TCB results, mediastinoscopy, bronchoscopy [if performed], and other investigations). RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA, EUS-TCB, and the combination of both techniques was 93%, 90%, and 98%, respectively (not significant). In EUS-FNA-negative patients, EUS-TCB provided a final diagnosis in an additional 3 patients (5%). Malignant disease found by EUS-FNA could be specified by EUS-TCB in 15 patients (25% of patients). The granulomatous disease established by cytologic samples of clinically suspected tuberculosis could be specified by EUS-TCB in 2 patients (3%). In 1 patient (2%), both FNA and TCB were inconclusive. LIMITATIONS Retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA and EUS-TCB is comparable. We recommend limiting the use of EUS-TCB to specific cases in which EUS-FNA is not conclusive.
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Wahnschaffe U, Ullrich R, Mayerle J, Lerch MM, Zeitz M, Faiss S. EUS-guided Trucut needle biopsies as first-line diagnostic method for patients with intestinal or extraintestinal mass lesions. Surg Endosc 2009; 23:2351-5. [PMID: 19263153 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-009-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a well-established technique to obtain cytological specimens, but it does not permit the extraction of histological tissue-core samples, which, if available, may increase the yield and accuracy of the histopathological diagnosis. This prospective study was designed to assess the yield and diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Trucut needle biopsy (TNB) as first-line diagnostic method for suspected malignant lesions identified by upper gastrointestinal EUS. METHODS In a prospective case series, 24 consecutive patients (14 women; median age, 68 (range, 38-84) years) with suspected malignancy underwent EUS-TNB with a 19-gauge needle. EUS was performed with a linear scanning echo endoscope. When the EUS-TNB device did not collect adequate samples, subsequent EUS-FNA was performed. The presence or absence of malignancy was confirmed by postoperative histopathology or diagnostic imaging follow-up for at least 9 months. RESULTS Adequate tissue specimens were obtained in 20 of 24 (83%) patients by TNB. An accurate diagnosis was achieved in 19 of 20 (95%) patients in whom TNB was successful with a sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 100%, respectively. In 11 patients malignant disease was found, whereas 8 patients showed benign lesions on TNB-obtained histopathology. Thirteen patients underwent additional EUS-FNA. The diagnosis by TNB was confirmed in seven of nine (78%) patients with additional FNA. In three of four patients with inadequate TNB, the diagnosis was established by FNA. The overall accuracy of EUS-TNB was 79% (19/24) for all patients and 92% (22/24) with subsequent FNA. The positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of a malignant lesion by EUS-TNB were 57.9% and 88.9%, respectively. Neither method had any procedure-related complications. CONCLUSIONS EUS-guided TNB is a safe and accurate technique to obtain core specimen for histopathologic diagnosis in patients with suspected malignancies on upper gastrointestinal EUS. FNA can serve as rescue technique and should be performed if TNB fails to obtain adequate tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wahnschaffe
- Department of Medicine A, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Nutrition and Nephrology University Hospital, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Strasse 23a, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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Thomas T, Kaye PV, Ragunath K, Aithal G. Efficacy, safety, and predictive factors for a positive yield of EUS-guided Trucut biopsy: a large tertiary referral center experience. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104:584-591. [PMID: 19262518 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2008.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endoscopic ultrasound-guided trucut biopsy (EUS-TCB) technique has the advantage of obtaining tissue for histological examination rather than for cytology alone. However, the diagnostic yield may depend on factors related to both technical aspects and the lesions sampled. Safety of EUS-TCB is yet to be established in a large number of procedures. The aim of the study was to determine factors predicting a positive diagnostic yield, and safety for EUS-TCB in a large tertiary referral center-based service. METHODS All patients were referred for EUS-guided tissue sampling as a part of their diagnostic workup. Linear-array echoendoscope (GF-2000-OL5, KeyMed) with a 19-gauge trucut needle (Quick-Core, Wilson-Cook) was used by two operators to obtain tissue samples. Clinical data, details of the EUS-TCB, post-procedure complications, and histology were prospectively collected between May 2002 and February 2008. RESULTS In total, 247 patients (143 men) aged 57-73 (median 66) had EUS-TCB performed. Lesions sampled were in the pancreas (113), esophagogastric wall (34), and extra-pancreatic areas (100) (lymph nodes: 52). The maximum diameter of the lesion/wall thickness ranged from 0.6 to 5.4 cm (median 3). One to five passes were made (median 3) to obtain tissue cores 2-18 mm (median 10) in length. The procedure failed in 6% of cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 75%. The overall complication rate was 2% (bronchopneumonia, minor hemoptysis, minor hematemesis, mucosal tear, retropharyngeal abscess) with no procedure-related deaths. Site of lesion (pancreatic vs. extra-pancreatic, P<0.032), site of biopsy (stomach vs. duodenum vs. esophagus, P<0.001), and number of passes (< or =2 vs.>2, P<0.013) were predictors of a positive diagnostic yield in univariate analysis. However, only the site of biopsy (P<0.001, 95% CI: 0.58-2.32) and number of passes (P=0.05) were independent predictors in multinominal logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic yield of EUS-TCB is higher when lesion is approached through the stomach and better when more than two passes were made. In this large series, the complication rate of 2% associated with EUS-TCB was similar to that reported with EUS-fine needle aspiration technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Thomas
- Wolfson Digestive Diseases Centre and Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Săftoiu A, Vilmann P. Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2009; 37:1-17. [PMID: 18932265 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer remains a difficult task, and multiple imaging tests have been proposed over the years. The aim of this review is to describe the current role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for the diagnosis and staging of patients with pancreatic cancer. A detailed search of MEDLINE between 1980 and 2007 was performed using the following keywords: pancreatic cancer, endoscopic ultrasound, diagnosis, and staging. References of the selected articles were also browsed and consulted. Despite progress made with other imaging methods, EUS is still considered to be superior for the detection of clinically suspected lesions, especially if the results of other cross-sectional imaging modalities are equivocal. The major advantage of EUS is the high negative predictive value that approaches 100%, indicating that the absence of a focal mass reliably excludes pancreatic cancer. The introduction of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration allows a preoperative diagnosis in patients with resectable cancer, as well as a confirmation of diagnosis before chemoradiotherapy for those that are not. This comprehensive review highlighted the diagnostic capabilities of EUS including the newest refinements such as contrast-enhanced EUS, EUS elastography, and 3-dimensional EUS. The place of EUS-guided biopsy is also emphasized, including the addition of molecular marker techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Săftoiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Dolj, 200490, Romania
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Gleeson FC, Clayton AC, Zhang L, Clain JE, Gores GJ, Rajan E, Smyrk TC, Topazian MD, Wang KK, Wiersema MJ, Levy MJ. Adequacy of endoscopic ultrasound core needle biopsy specimen of nonmalignant hepatic parenchymal disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6:1437-40. [PMID: 19081532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The adequacy and diagnostic yield of hepatic parenchymal disease Trucut biopsy have not been determined. Therefore, our aim was to determine the adequacy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Trucut liver biopsy for histopathologic evaluation to include the number of complete portal tracts contained per millimeter of acquired tissue. METHODS A single institution retrospective review was made of 9 prospectively identified patients who underwent a transgastric left liver lobe EUS-guided Trucut biopsy during a 36-month period. RESULTS Adequate diagnostic material, to include complete portal tract number evaluation (median, 7) and connective tissue staining, was acquired to establish a histopathologic diagnosis in all 9 cases. Sixty-three complete portal tracts were established, resulting in 0.4 portal tracts per millimeter of tissue acquired. Findings established by EUS Trucut left liver lobe biopsy included mild steatosis (n = 4), cryptogenic cirrhosis (n = 2), chronic ductopenic biliary tract disease (n = 1), portal fibrosis with ductular proliferation (n = 1), and alcoholic cirrhosis with hemosiderosis (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS EUS-guided Trucut left liver lobe biopsy yields suitable aggregate tissue for diagnostic purposes to establish the presence of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferga C Gleeson
- Fiterman Centre for Digestive Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Vanderheyden AD, Proctor KA, Rizk MK, Silva RG, Jensen CS, Gerke H. The value of touch imprint cytology in EUS-guided Trucut biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68:44-50. [PMID: 18355821 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2007.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EUS-guided Trucut biopsy (TCB) enables the acquisition of tissue cores for histologic assessment. Touch imprint cytology (TIC) can be performed at the time of a biopsy to assess the adequacy of the sample; however, limited information is available on the diagnostic value of TIC of these specimens. OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of TIC compared with a TCB. PATIENTS AND DESIGN Consecutive EUS-guided TCB and TIC (n = 109) were retrospectively and independently reviewed by a surgical pathologist (for the TCB) and a cytopathologist (for TIC) blinded to the final diagnoses. SETTING University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Diagnostic accuracy of a TCB, TIC, and combined TCB + TIC. RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of a TCB was 92.7% (95% CI, 83.1%-97.3%), TIC was 82.6% (95% CI, 74.3%-88.6%), and TCB + TIC was 95.4% (95% CI, of 89.4%-98.3%). The diagnostic accuracy of a TCB alone was superior to TIC alone (P = .038); a TCB was diagnostic in 14 cases that were nondiagnostic by TIC. The addition of TIC allowed for the identification of 3 malignancies (2.8%) that were not identified on TCB alone. In 22 cases, TIC was considered diagnostic, but a TCB provided additional specific diagnostic information. LIMITATIONS Retrospective study and relatively low numbers. CONCLUSIONS TIC is a valuable tool for use in a EUS-guided TCB; TIC is independently diagnostically accurate, which allows for confidence in a rapid preliminary diagnosis, and it provides additional diagnostic value when combined with TCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Vanderheyden
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Matsubara J, Okusaka T, Morizane C, Ikeda M, Ueno H. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous pancreatic tumor biopsy in pancreatic cancer: a comparison with metastatic liver tumor biopsy, including sensitivity, specificity, and complications. J Gastroenterol 2008; 43:225-32. [PMID: 18373165 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-007-2142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to investigate the diagnostic value and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous pancreatic tumor biopsy (pancreatic biopsy) in patients with suspected unresectable pancreatic cancer, and to compare the data with those obtained by metastatic liver tumor biopsy (liver metastases biopsy). METHODS Data were collected retrospectively from 388 patients (398 procedures) for whom a final diagnosis was available and who underwent ultrasound-guided pancreatic or liver metastases biopsy with a 21-gauge needle (core biopsy) or a 22-gauge needle (fine-needle aspiration biopsy: FNAB). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of pancreatic and liver metastases biopsies were evaluated. Biopsy-related complications were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Data from 271 pancreatic and 112 liver metastases biopsy procedures were available. For pancreatic core biopsy and FNAB, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 93%, 100%, and 93%, and 86%, 100%, and 86%, respectively, all of which were comparable to those of liver metastases biopsy. The complication rate in pancreatic biopsy was 21.4%, including a 4.4% incidence of post-biopsy ephemeral fever. The complication rate in liver metastases biopsy was 38.7%, including an 8.0% incidence of ephemeral fever. Fever and infection occurred more frequently among patients who underwent liver metastases biopsy (4.4% vs. 11%: P = 0.038). In pancreatic biopsy cases, a prebiopsy high serum total bilirubin level was a statistically significant predictor of ephemeral fever. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-guided percutaneous pancreatic biopsy is an effective and safe modality for confirming the pathologic diagnosis in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Matsubara
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Abstract
The finding of a mass lesion in the upper gastrointestinal tract at endoscopy with apparent normal overlying mucosa is common. The differential diagnosis of such lesions is broad and includes those of intramural or extramural origin. Endoscopic ultrasound provides accurate imaging of subepithelial mass lesions and characterizes them according to size, echogenicity, and origin including the histologic layer if the lesion is intramural which narrows the differential diagnosis. Endoscopic ultrasound allows a guided tissue sample to be obtained for histologic confirmation which is especially important for hypoechoic lesions arising from the 3rd or 4th echogenic layers. The purpose of this article is to review the diagnosis of the more common subepithelial mass lesions with an emphasis on endoscopic ultrasound and the subsequent management or monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Humphris
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Prospective pilot evaluation of a new needle prototype for endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration: comparison of cytology and histology yield. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 20:342-8. [PMID: 18334879 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3282f2a5cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with the adjunct of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration has become an important diagnostic modality in gastroenterologic oncology. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration mainly relies on cytology; data are scarce that compare cytology and histology. While testing a 22-gauge prototype needle, we prospectively compared the yield for both. METHODS Forty-two consecutive patients (27 male, 15 female; mean age 59.2 years, range: 17-90 years) were included. In each patient we aimed to make two needle passes, and if the material acquired appeared insufficient macroscopically (no in-room cytopathology was available), further passes were done. The material was sent for cytological and histological assessment. RESULTS A median number of two passes (range: 2-3) were uneventfully performed for pancreatic lesions (n=30), mediastinal and other lymph nodes/masses (n=8) and various other lesions (n=4) and yielded adequate material for cytology, histology or at least one of the two investigations in 62, 67 and 74% of patients, respectively. No false positive results were found (specificity 100%). Sensitivities were 58.6 and 65.5%, respectively, for cytology and histology alone; combined assessment increased sensitivity to 79.3%. When adjusted values were calculated, based only on those cases with adequate material, sensitivity was 89.5% for cytology and 85.7% for histology, and increased to 100% with combined assessment. CONCLUSION The new needle achieves sensitivities similar to those previously reported with no significant differences in sensitivity between cytology and histology. More effective tissue acquisition methods must be sought to improve overall results.
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