• Heymann nephritis
• autoantibody
• immunology
• membranous nephropathy
• podocyte
• treatment

• Humans
• Adult
• Rats
• Animals
• Glomerulonephritis, Membranous
• Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2/therapeutic use
• Autoantibodies
• Podocytes
• Kidney/pathology

• OPRPN
• fractionated IR
• head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
• opiorphin gene family
• prognostic biomarker
• radioresistance
• submaxillary gland androgen‑regulated protein 3A
• tissue microarray

The human CD10 antigen is a single pass, type II transmembrane, 100 kD cell surface glycoprotein belonging to peptidase M13 family. Identified in common acute lymphoblastic leukemia as a cancer specific antigen, CD10 is a cell surface ectoenzyme widely expressed on different types of cells. Earlier, it was used only as a cell surface marker to identify and differentiate between haematological malignancies. Later, reported to be present in various malignancies, it is thought to play significant role in cancer development and progression. Regulated expression of CD10 is necessary for angiogenesis and so forth. However its expression level is found to be deregulated in different cancers. In some cancers, it acts as tumor suppressor and inhibits tumor progression whereas in others it has tumor promoting tendency. However, its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. This review summarises structural features, functions, and probable role of CD10 in cancer development.

In the present review we have analyzed the clinical applications of endoscopic ultrasound-guided-fine-needle-aspiration (EUS-FNA) and the methodological aspects obtained by cell-block procedure (CBP) in the diagnostic approach to the gastrointestinal neoplastic pathology. CBP showed numerous advantages in comparison to the cytologic routine smears; in particular, better preservation of cell architecture, achievement of routine haematoxylin-eosin staining equivalent to histological slides and possibility to perform immunohistochemistry or molecular analyses represented the most evident reasons to choose this method. Moreover, by this approach, the differential diagnosis of solid gastrointestinal neoplasias may be more easily achieved and the background of contaminant non-neoplastic gastrointestinal avoided. Finally, biological samples collected by EUS-FNA CBP-assisted should be investigated in order to identify and quantify further potential molecular markers.

• Endoscopic ultrasound-guided-fine-needle-aspiration
• Cell-block procedure
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Immunohistochemistry
• Diagnosis

• CD10
• EUS-FNA
• GI contaminants
• carcinoembryonic antigen
• cytology
• endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration
• immunohistochemistry
• pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

• Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis
• Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/chemistry
• Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
• Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration
• Endosonography
• Humans
• Neprilysin/analysis
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/chemistry
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
• Pancreatic Neoplasms

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) proteins, and the clinical significance of the two proteins in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (IHCC).

Expression patterns and subcellular localizations of NEP and DPP IV proteins in 186 primary IHCC and 60 noncancerous liver tissue specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry.

Both the expression of NEP and DPP IV proteins in IHCC tissues were significantly higher than those in noncancerous liver tissues (both P<0.001). Of 186 patients with IHCC, 128 (68.82%) highly expressed both NEP and DPP IV proteins. In addition, the coexpression of NEP and DPP IV proteins was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage (P=0.009), positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.016) and distant metastasis (P=0.013), and the presence of recurrence (P=0.027). Moreover, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that IHCC patients with high NEP expression, high DPP IV expression, and combined overexpression of NEP and DPP IV proteins all had poorer overall survival and early recurrence after surgery. Furthermore, Cox analysis suggested that NEP expression, DPP IV expression, and combined expression of NEP and DPP IV proteins were all independent prognostic markers for overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with IHCC.

Our data suggest, for the first time, that both the expression of NEP and DPP IV proteins may be upregulated in human IHCC tissues and the combined expression of NEP and DPP IV proteins may play important roles in progression and prognosis of patients with IHCC.

• clinicopathological characteristics
• prognosis
• tumor progression

The aim of this study was to examine the expression of CD10 and CD15 in tumor cells, stromal cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells during colorectal carcinoma (CRC) development and to investigate their expression levels between the tumor center and invasive front and compare them to clinicopathological parameters in invasive CRC.

We performed immunohistochemical staining for CD10, CD15, and E-cadherin in 42 cases of CRC, 49 of tubular adenoma, 15 of hyperplastic polyp, and 17 of non-neoplastic colon.

CD10 was expressed in tumor cells (tCD10), stromal cells (sCD10) and infiltrating inflammatory cells (iCD10), and CD15 was expressed in tumor cells (tCD15) and infiltrating inflammatory cells (iCD15). Their expressions were progressively increased during CRC development and the iCD10 expression level was significantly correlated with the iCD15 expression level in invasive CRC. Invasive front revealed a higher expression level of iCD10 and iCD15 than the tumor center. Moreover, the iCD15 expression level of invasive front was significantly correlated with the degree of tumor budding and tCD15 in whole tissue sections was closely associated with tumor depth.

The present study suggests that the expression of CD10 and CD15 is associated with the development and progression of CRC.

• Antigens, CD15
• Colorectal neoplasms
• Neprilysin

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human cancers, with more than 200 000 deaths worldwide every year. Despite recent efforts, conventional treatment approaches, such as surgery and classic chemotherapy, have only slightly improved patient outcomes. More effective and well-tolerated therapies are required to reverse the current poor prognosis of this type of neoplasm. Among new agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are now being tested. HDACIs have multiple biological effects related to acetylation of histones and many non-histone proteins that are involved in regulation of gene expression, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and angiogenesis. HDACIs induce cell cycle arrest and can activate the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in different cancer cell lines. In the present review, the main mechanisms by which HDACIs act in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, as well as their antiproliferative effects in animal models are presented. HDACIs constitute a promising treatment for pancreatic cancer with encouraging anti-tumor effects, at well-tolerated doses.

• Pancreatic cancer
• Histone deacetylases
• Histone deacetylase inhibitors
• Experimental studies

CD10, a membrane-bound zinc-dependent metallopeptidase, is normally expressed in many tissues. Accordingly, the derangement of CD10 expression may be related to development or progression in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study is to examine any association between CD10 expression and clinicopathological parameters in bladder transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) and the relationship between expression of E-cadherin and CD10.

Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CD10 and E-cadherin in tissues of 94 TCCs and 10 non-neoplastic bladder mucosa.

Positive immunoreactivity for CD10 was observed in non-neoplastic urothelium at a proportion of 80% and TCCs were observed at a rate of 23%. A positive rate of CD10 expression was observed in 10% of total cases of a low grade tumor and in 35% of those of a high grade tumor. It was also observed in 15% of pTa tumors, 13% of pT1 tumors, and 48% of pT2 tumors. In addition, CD10 expression showed reciprocal correlation with expression of membranous E-cadherin in tumors.

CD10 is again expressed at a certain stage during the neoplastic process of TCCs and could play some roles intheir carcinogenesis.

• Bladder transitional cell carcinomas
• Cadherins
• Neprilysin

The secretin-stimulated endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT) allows for the safe collection of gastroduodenal and pancreatic fluid from the duodenum. We test the hypothesis that these endoscopically collected fluids have different proteomes. As such, we aim to show that the ePFT method can be used to collect fluid enriched in pancreatic proteins to test for pancreatic function.

Gastroduodenal and pancreatic fluid were collected sequentially from chronic pancreatitis patients undergoing an ePFT. Proteins from each fluid type were extracted using previously published optimized methods and subjected to GeLC-MS/MS analysis for protein identification and bioinformatics analysis.

Mass spectrometry analysis identified proteins that were exclusive in either gastroduodenal (46) or pancreatic fluid (234). Subsequent quantitative analysis revealed proteins that were differentially abundant with statistical significance. As expected, proteolytic enzymes and protease inhibitors were among the differentially detected proteins. The proteases pepsinogens and gastrin were enriched in gastroduodenal fluid, while common pancreatic enzymes (e.g., aminopeptidase N, chymotrypsin C, elastase-3A, trypsin, and carboxypeptidase A1, and elastase 2B) were found in greater abundance in pancreatic fluid. Similarly for protease inhibitors, members of the cystatin family were exclusive to gastroduodenal fluid, while serpins A11, B4, and D1 were exclusive to pancreatic fluid.

We have shown that ePFT collection coupled with mass spectrometry can be used to identify differentially detected proteins in gastroduodenal and pancreatic fluids. The data obtained using GeLC-MS/MS techniques provide further evidence supporting the feasibility of using ePFT-collected fluid to study specific diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as chronic pancreatitis.

• diseases/alzheimer disease
• diseases/cancer
• diseases/cancer/oncogene
• diseases/cancer/therapy
• histones/deacetylase
• oncogene
• tumor/marker
• tumor/therapy

• Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/antagonists & inhibitors
• Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics
• Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism
• Anticonvulsants/pharmacology
• Cell Proliferation/drug effects
• Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
• Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
• Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Down-Regulation
• Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
• Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
• Humans
• Immunoenzyme Techniques
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Protease Nexins
• RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
• Receptors, Cell Surface/antagonists & inhibitors
• Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
• Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
• Tumor Cells, Cultured
• Valproic Acid/pharmacology