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©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Hepatol. Mar 8, 2017; 9(7): 391-400
Published online Mar 8, 2017. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i7.391
Published online Mar 8, 2017. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i7.391
Table 1 Demographics, comorbid conditions and disease characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma patients, by race
Patient characteristics | Total (n = 195) | Hispanic (n = 44) | African-American (n = 61) | White (n = 90) | P1 |
Demographics | |||||
Age (yr, mean ± SD) | 59.7 ± 9.8 | 62.5 ± 12.5 | 58.7 ± 10.2 | 58.9 ± 7.7 | |
Female (n, %) | 38, 19.5 | 11, 25.0 | 17, 27.9 | 10, 11.1 | aHW, AW |
Insurance (n, %) | |||||
Medicare/medicaid | 120, 61.5 | 31, 70.5 | 36, 59.0 | 53, 58.9 | |
Private | 67, 34.4 | 12, 27.3 | 22, 36.1 | 33, 36.7 | |
None | 8, 4.1 | 1, 2.3 | 3, 4.9 | 4, 4.4 | |
BMI > 24.9 (n, %) | 137, 70.3 | 31, 70.5 | 44, 72.1 | 62, 68.9 | |
Metabolic syndrome3 (n, %) | 27, 14.1 | 8, 18.2 | 3, 4.9 | 16, 18.4 | aHA, AW |
Comorbid conditions | |||||
Hyperlipidemia (n, %) | 31, 25.4 | 16, 55.2 | 5, 13.2 | 10, 18.2 | bHW, HA |
On dialysis (n, %) | 7, 3.6 | 5, 11.4 | 0, 0 | 2, 2.3 | bHNH2 |
Diabetes mellitus 2 (n, %) | 91, 46.7 | 29, 65.9 | 19, 31.1 | 43, 47.8 | bHA, aAW |
History smoking (n, %) | 126, 65 | 16, 36.3 | 43, 70.5 | 67, 75.2 | bHW, HA; aAW |
Current smoker (n, %) | 57, 29.4 | 2, 4.5 | 28, 45.9 | 27, 30.3 | bHW, HA; aAW |
Triglycerides (median ± SD) | 99.5 ± 66.5 | 101.0 ± 70.2 | 111.0 ± 64.7 | 80.5 ± 65.8 | |
History alcohol use (n, %) | 163, 83.6 | 39, 88.6 | 50, 82 | 74, 82.2 | |
Cirrhosis characteristics | |||||
Etiology4 | |||||
HCV (n, %) | 132, 67.7 | 18, 40.9 | 49, 80.3 | 65, 72.2 | bHW, HA |
HBV (n, %) | 14, 8.1 | 2, 5.0 | 8, 14.3 | 4, 5.2 | |
ETOH (n, %) | 55, 28.2 | 11, 25.0 | 15, 24.6 | 29, 32.2 | |
NASH (n, %) | 35, 18.0 | 15, 34.9 | 5, 8.2 | 15, 16.7 | bHA, aHW |
Other5 (n, %) | 22, 11.3 | 11, 25 | 2, 3.3 | 9, 11.3 | 0.056 |
MELD (median ± SD) | 11.0 ± 4.6 | 11.5 ± 4.4 | 9.0 ± 3.1 | 12.0 ± 5.1 | aHA, bAW |
AFP | |||||
Median (IQR) | 22.4 (6.1-217.2) | 19 (5.9-434.85) | 82 (11.9-434.8) | 12 (5.0-53.2) | |
AFP > 200 | 49, 25.1 | 12, 27.3 | 22, 36.1 | 15, 16.7 | aHA, bAW |
Hepatic encephalopathy (n, %) | 65, 33.3 | 16, 36.4 | 8, 13.1 | 41, 45.6 | aHA, bAW |
Ascites (n, %) | 80, 44.5 | 23, 54.8 | 14, 26 | 43, 51.2 | aHW, HA, AW |
HCC surveillance performed (n, %) | 113, 61.1 | 27, 65.9 | 31, 51.7 | 55, 65.5 | |
Tumor parameters | |||||
Tumor size (cm) | |||||
Median (± SD) (IQ range) | 3.0 ± 3.7 (2.0-6.0) | 3.0 ± 3.9 (2.0-5.0) | 3.0 ± 3.6 (2.0-6.0) | 3.0 ± 3.7 (2.0-6.0) | |
> 5 cm (n, %) | 43, 26.9 | 8, 22.2 | 14, 28.6 | 21, 28 | |
Median > 5 cm (± SD) (IQ range) | 8.0 ± 4.0 (6.0-12.0) | 13.0 ± 3.4 (7.5-13.0) | 9.5 ± 3.1 (6.0-11.0) | 7.0 ± 4.7 (6.0-8.0) | |
Stage at diagnosis (n, %) | 99, 52.1 | 20, 45.5 | 30, 50.8 | 49, 56.3 | |
Unifocal | 77, 40.5 | 21, 47.7 | 25, 42.4 | 31, 35.6 | |
Multifocal | 14, 7.4 | 3, 6.8 | 4, 6.8 | 7, 8.0 | |
Metastatic | 29, 24.2 | 9, 33.3 | 9, 23.1 | 11, 20.4 | |
Portal vein involvement (n, %) | 35, 47.9 | 6, 54.5 | 13, 54.2 | 16, 42.1 | |
Poorly differentiated within milan criteria (n, %) | 121, 62.1 | 28, 63.6 | 36, 59.0 | 57, 63.3 |
Table 2 Treatment patterns for non-metastatic patients at diagnosis: First line treatment patterns for non-metastatic patients by race
Table 3 Treatment patterns for non-metastatic patients at diagnosis: Transplantation patterns by race
Transplantation patterns | Total listed | Hispanic | African American | White | P2 |
Met milan criteria | 121 | 28 | 36 | 57 | |
Transplanted | 341, 1.4% | 10, 35.7% | 6, 16.7% | 181, 31.6% | |
Listed | 68 | 20 | 17 | 31 | |
Tumor exception points | 33, 48.5% | 10, 50% | 6, 35.3% | 17, 48.4% | |
Transplanted | 381, 55.9% | 10, 50% | 6, 35.3% | 221, 71%1 | aAW |
Removed from list | 28, 41.1% | 9, 45% | 11, 64.7% | 8, 25.8% | bAW |
Death | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | |
Progression | 10 | 3 | 5 | 2 | |
Transfer of care | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
Other | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
- Citation: Venepalli NK, Modayil MV, Berg SA, Nair TD, Parepally M, Rajaram P, Gaba RC, Bui JT, Huang Y, Cotler SJ. Features of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hispanics differ from African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites. World J Hepatol 2017; 9(7): 391-400
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v9/i7/391.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v9.i7.391