Liver cirrhosis in hepatic vena cava syndrome (or membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava)

Table 1 Incidence of liver cirrhosis in hepatic vena cava syndrome

Ref.	Country	No. of patients	LC (%)
Nakamura et al[9]	Japan	7	7 (100)
Nakamura et al[9]	From Japanese literature	64	64 (100)
Takeuchi et al[10]	Japan	7	5 (71)
Nakamura et al[11]	Japan	131	13 (100)
Ono et al[12]	Japan	18	17 (94.0)2
Gentil-Kocher et al[36]	France	22	3 (13.6%)
Kage et al[51]	Japan	17	6 (35.2)3
Shrestha[45]	Nepal	561	44 (78.5)
Shrestha et al[37]	Nepal4	178	49 (27.5)

¹Long term follow-up cases;

²Of 18 biopsied cases 17 showed LC and 1 congestion;

³Autopsied cases, reminder 4 had congestion and 7 congestive fibrosis;

⁴Children. LC: Liver cirrhosis.

Table 2 Comparison of frequency of acute exacerbations in hepatic vena cava syndrome: Among patients who did and did not develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma¹

	Incidence of AE	P value
Who did not develop LC/HCC	3.2 ± 3.2
Patient who developed LC	6.5 ± 4.5	0.017
Patients who developed HCC	11.5 + 3.01	< 0.001
56 patients of HVCS seen in the period 1990-1997
Followed up for 14.8 ± 9 yr
LC developed in 44 (78.5%). HCC developed in 6 (10.7%)

¹Quarter of the AE in HCC group was severe. Severe AE: Development of ascites due to HVOO. Modified from Shrestha et al[45]. HVCS: Hepatic vena cava syndrome; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; AE: Acute exacerbation; LC: Liver cirrhosis; HVOO: Hepatic venous outflow obstruction.