Host cellular microRNA involvement in the control of hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication

Table 1 Direct interactions of microRNAs with hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus RNA

Host miRNA	Binding location	Function	Expression	Ref.
miR-20a	X and polymerase	Inhibits HBV replication	Up	[23]
miR-92a-1	X and polymerase	Inhibits HBV replication	Up	[23]
miR-122	Core and DNA polymerase	Inhibits HBV replication	Down	[20]
miR-125a-5p	HBsAg	Inhibits HBV replication	Up	[22]
miR-199a- 3p	HBsAg	Inhibits HBV replication	Up	[21]
miR-205	HBx	Suppresses HBx production	Down	[25]
miR-210	PreS1	Inhibits HBV replication	Up	[21]
miR-1231	HBx/HB core	Inhibits HBV replication	Up	[26]

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigens; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBx: HBV X.

Table 2 MicroRNAs that control hepatitis B virus gene replication and expression through cellular targets

MiRNAs	Cellular targets	Effects on HBV biology or pathogenesis	Expression	Ref.
miR-1	HDAC4/E2F5	Increases HBV replication by augmenting FXRA activity	Down	[29]
miR-15b	HNF1α	Promotes HBV replication and expression of HBV antigens, including HBx protein	Down	[39]
miR-29c	TNFAIP3	Suppresses HBV DNA replication and cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of HCC	Down (HCC)	[41]
miR-122	Cyclin G1	Suppresses HBV replication	Down	[31]
	(HO-1)	Promotes HBV expression by inhibiting HO-1 expression		[30]
	NDRG3	Inhibits viral replication and HBV HCC proliferation		[32]
miR-125b	SCNN1A	Inhibits HBV expression	Down	[42]
miR-141	PPARA	Suppresses HBV replication by inhibiting PPARA-HBV promoter interaction		[44]
miR-155	C/EBP	Elevates HCC levels/promotes HCC cell growth	Up	[46]
miR-372/373	NFIB	Promotes HBV replication	Up	[33]
upmiR-372	CREB	Promotes HBV replication		[34]
miR-501	HBIP (HBx inhibitor)	Promotes HBV replication	Up	[45]

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBx: HBV X; CREB: cAMP-response element binding protein; C/EBP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HNF1α: Human hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 α.