Binge drinking: Burden of liver disease and beyond

Table 1 Prevalence of binge drinking

Ref.	Prevalence
Galán et al[41]	13.35%
Slutske et al[150]	19.50%
Bartoli et al[42]	37.85%
Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas[40]	18%
CDC[44]	17.10%
Grucza et al[45]	50%
Hanewinkel et al[151]	27.00%
Lee et al[152]	46.30%

Table 2 Factors associated with binge drinking[42]

	OR (95%CI)
Female gender	1.57
Living with parents	0.57
High financial availability for each weekend	1.33
Cannabis use	1.61
Smoking e-cigarettes	2.49
Positive alcohol expectancies	1.11
Peer influence	2.4
Interest for discos and parties	1.53
High educational level	3.63

Table 3 Summary of the organic effects of alcohol-binge drinking

Hepatic	Neurocognitive	Renal
Steatosis	Impaired verbal memory	Glomerulonephritis
Steatohepatitis	Impaired episodic memory	Acute nephropathy
Fibrosis	Deficits language and attentional tasks	Kidney graft failure
Cirrhosis	Prospective memory
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Executive functions
Oncogenic	Cardiovascular	Others
Oral cavity	Hypertension	Acute pancreatitis
Pharynx	Ischemic heart disease	Chronic pancreatitis
Larynx	Stroke	Major depression
Esophagus	Cardiomyopathy	Impaired fertility
Colorectum	Myocarditis	Premature and low weigh births
Breast	Arrhythmias	Fetal alcohol syndrome
Pancreas	Atherosclerosis