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©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Hepatol. Jun 18, 2015; 7(11): 1586-1594
Published online Jun 18, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1586
Published online Jun 18, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1586
Table 1 Formulae and cut-off scores of diagnostic panels for detection of liver fibrosis
Diagnostic panel | Formula | Cut-off scores for advanced fibrosis | |
Absent | Present | ||
BARD score[8] | Scale 0-4 | ≥ 2 | |
BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 = 1 point | |||
AST/ALT ratio ≥ 0.8 = 2 points | |||
DM = 1 point | |||
FIB4 index[9] | Age (yr) × AST (U/L)]/(platelet (109) × [ALT (U/L)]1/2 | < 1.3 | > 2.67 |
APRI[10] | (AST/ULN)/platelets (109/L) × 100 | ≤ 0.5 | > 1.5 |
NAFLD fibrosis score[15] | -1.675 + 0.037 × age (yr) + 0.094 × BMI | < -1.455 | > 0.676 |
(kg/m2) + 1.13 × IFG/DM (yes = 1, no = 0) | |||
+ 0.99 × AST/ALT ratio - 0.013 × platelet | |||
(× 109/L) - 0.66 × albumin (g/dL) |
Table 2 Summary of the characteristics of participants (n = 442)
Characteristics | |
Age (yr) | 49.1 ± 14.2 |
Gender | |
Female | 290 (65.6) |
Male | 152 (34.4) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.3 ± 6.1 |
Hepatic steatosis | 230 (52.0) |
Elevated ALT1 | 128 (29.0) |
Elevated AST2 | 129 (29.2) |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.0 (3.8-4.2) |
Platelet (109/μL) | 243.5 (207.0-282.0) |
DM3 | 97 (21.9) |
Hypertension | 167 (37.8) |
Hyperglycemia | 134 (30.3) |
Hypertriglyceridemia | 175 (39.6) |
Low HDL-C | 267 (60.4) |
Central obesity | 324 (73.3) |
Metabolic syndrome | 219 (49.5) |
NAFLD fibrosis score | |
< -1.455 | 244 (55.2) |
-1.455-0.676 | 169 (38.2) |
> 0.676 | 29 (6.6) |
FIB4 index | |
≤ 1.31 | 323 (73.1) |
1.31-2.66 | 106 (24.0) |
≥ 2.67 | 13 (2.9) |
BARD | |
0-1 | 163 (36.9) |
2-4 | 279 (63.1) |
APRI | |
≤ 0.5 | 365 (82.6) |
0.51-1.5 | 73 (16.5) |
> 1.5 | 4 (0.9) |
Table 3 Comparison of the characteristics of participants with and without hepatic steatosis
Characteristics | Hepatic steatosis | P value | |
Absent (n = 212) | Present (n = 230) | ||
Age (yr) | 49.5 ± 16.3 | 48.7 ± 12.0 | 0.6 |
Gender | |||
Female | 134 (63.2) | 156 (67.8) | |
Male | 78 (36.8) | 74 (32.2) | 0.3 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.6 ± 6.1 | 32.9 ± 5.6 | < 0.001 |
Elevated ALT1 | 31 (14.6) | 97 (42.2) | < 0.001 |
Elevated AST2 | 40 (18.9) | 89 (38.7) | < 0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.0 (3.8-4.2) | 4.0 (3.9-4.2) | 0.4 |
Platelets (109/μL) | 237.5 (204.0-277.8) | 251.0 (214.0-283.5) | 0.1 |
DM3 | 29 (13.7) | 68 (29.6) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 72 (34.0) | 95 (41.3) | 0.1 |
Hyperglycemia | 38 (17.9) | 96 (41.7) | < 0.001 |
Hypertriglyceridemia | 67 (31.6) | 108 (47.0) | 0.001 |
Low HDL-C | 105 (49.5) | 162 (70.4) | < 0.001 |
Central obesity | 125 (59.0) | 199 (86.5) | < 0.001 |
Metabolic syndrome | 70 (33.0) | 149 (64.8) | < 0.001 |
NAFLD Fibrosis Score | |||
< -1.455 | 134 (63.2) | 110 (47.8) | |
-1.455-0.676 | 63 (29.7) | 106 (46.1) | |
> 0.676 | 15 (7.1) | 14 (6.1) | 0.002 |
FIB4 index | |||
≤ 1.3 | 157 (74.1) | 166 (72.2) | |
1.31-2.66 | 47 (22.2) | 59 (25.7) | |
≥ 2.67 | 8 (3.8) | 5 (2.2) | 0.46 |
BARD | |||
0-1 | 79 (37.3) | 84 (36.5) | |
2-4 | 133 (62.7) | 146 (63.5) | 0.87 |
APRI | |||
≤ 0.5 | 190 (89.6) | 175 (76.1) | |
0.51-1.5 | 22 (10.2) | 51 (22.2) | |
> 1.5 | 0 (0) | 4 (1.7) | 0.0024 |
Table 4 Univariable and multivariable analysis of the characteristics associated with fatty liver on ultrasound
Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
Characteristics | OR | 95%CI for OR | P value | OR1 | 95%CI for OR1 | P value |
Age (yr) | 0.99 | 0.98-1.01 | 0.55 | |||
Male gender | 0.81 | 0.55-1.21 | 0.31 | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 1.11 | 1.07-1.15 | < 0.0001 | |||
Elevated ALT1 | 4.26 | 2.68-6.76 | < 0.0001 | 4.04 | 2.50-6.52 | < 0.0001 |
Elevated AST2 | 2.71 | 1.76-4.19 | < 0.0001 | 2.63 | 1.67-4.13 | < 0.0001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 1.26 | 0.65-2.45 | 0.49 | 2.29 | 1.07-4.88 | 0.03 |
Platelets (109/μL) | 1.00 | 0.99-1.01 | 0.14 | 1.00 | 0.99-1.00 | 0.55 |
DM3 | 2.65 | 1.63-4.29 | 0.0001 | 2.22 | 1.31-3.77 | 0.003 |
Hypertension | 1.37 | 0.93-2.01 | 0.11 | 1.18 | 0.72-1.82 | 0.45 |
Hyperglycemia | 3.28 | 2.12-5.08 | < 0.0001 | 2.87 | 1.78-4.61 | < 0.0001 |
Hypertriglyceridemia | 1.92 | 1.30-2.83 | 0.001 | 1.82 | 1.21-2.75 | 0.004 |
Low HDL-C | 2.43 | 1.64-3.59 | < 0.0001 | 1.93 | 1.28-2.93 | 0.002 |
Central obesity | 4.47 | 2.80-7.13 | < 0.0001 | 3.52 | 1.94-6.39 | < 0.0001 |
Metabolic syndrome | 3.73 | 2.52-5.53 | < 0.0001 | 3.33 | 2.07-5.01 | < 0.0001 |
NAFLD fibrosis score | ||||||
< -1.455 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
-1.455-0.676 | 2.05 | 1.37-3.06 | 0.0005 | 1.83 | 1.10-3.04 | 0.02 |
> 0.676 | 1.14 | 0.53-2.46 | 0.74 | 0.58 | 0.22-1.56 | 0.28 |
FIB4 index | ||||||
≤ 1.3 | 1.00 | 1.004 | ||||
1.31-2.66 | 1.19 | 0.76-1.85 | 0.45 | 1.404 | 0.83-2.39 | 0.21 |
≥ 2.67 | 0.59 | 0.19-1.85 | 0.37 | 0.694 | 0.19-2.47 | 0.57 |
BARD | ||||||
0-1 | 1.00 | 1.004 | ||||
2- 4 | 1.03 | 0.70-1.52 | 0.87 | 1.004 | 0.65-1.52 | 0.99 |
APRI | ||||||
≤ 0.5 | 1.00 | 1.004 | ||||
0.51-1.5 | 2.52 | 1.47-4.32 | 0.0008 | 2.624 | 1.49-4.60 | 0.0008 |
> 1.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
- Citation: Pan JJ, Fisher-Hoch SP, Chen C, Feldstein AE, McCormick JB, Rahbar MH, Beretta L, Fallon MB. Burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in a Texas Hispanic community cohort. World J Hepatol 2015; 7(11): 1586-1594
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v7/i11/1586.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1586