Evaluating serum extra spindle pole bodies-like 1 protein vs p53 antibody for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis

Table 1 The characteristics of study subjects, n (%)/mean ± SD

	Healthy control group	CHB group	HBV-LC group	HBV-HCC group
Number (n)	30	30	30	55
Age (year)	40.5 ± 12.0	44.0 ± 7.8	45.9 ± 6.8	55.3 ± 9.5
Male	13 (43.3)	16 (53.3)	20 (66.7)	51 (92.7)
Follow-up time (year)	_	6.5	4.5	10.8

CHB: Chronic hepatitis B; HBV-LC: Hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis; HBV-HCC: Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 2 Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of serum biomarkers in the diagnosis of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Group	AUC	Youden's index	Cut-off value	95%CI	Z value	P value
ESPL1	0.917a	0.808	216.82	0.850-0.960	13.827	< 0.001
p53 antibody	0.725	0.536	3.17	0.634-0.804	4.223	< 0.001
AFP	0.678	0.406	6.79	0.584-0.762	3.353	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs p53 antibody.

ESPL1: Extra spindle pole bodies-like 1; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; AUC: Area under the curve.

Table 3 Diagnostic reliability analysis of serum biomarkers for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma, (n/N, 95%CI)

Group	Sensitivity%	Specificity%	Accuracy%	FNR%	FPR%	PPV %	NPV%
ESPL1	89.09a,b (49/55, 0.809-0.971)	91.67 (55/60, 0.869-0.965)	90.43a,b (104/115, 0.874-0.934)	10.91a,b (6/55, 0.041-0.177)	8.33 (5/60, 0.040-0.126)	90.74 (49/54, 0.854-0.960)	90.16a,b (55/61, 0.861-0.943)
p53 antibody	63.64 (35/55, 0.539-0.734)	90.0 (54/60, 0.854-0.946)	77.39 (89/115, 0.742-0.806)	36.36 (20/55, 0.264-0.464)	10.00 (6/60, 0.056-0.144)	85.37 (35/41, 0.758-0.950)	72.97 (54/74, 0.680-0.780)
AFP	47.27 (26/55, 0.373-0.573)	93.33 (56/60, 0.901-0.965)	71.30 (82/115, 0.684-0.742)	52.73 (29/55, 0.427-0.627)	6.67 (4/60, 0.034-0.133)	86.67 (26/30, 0.860-0.933)	65.89 (56/85, 0.658-0.889)

^aP < 0.05 vs p53 antibody.

^bP < 0.05 vs alpha-fetoprotein.

ESPL1: Extra spindle pole bodies-like 1; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; FNR: False negative rate; FPR: False positive rate; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.

Table 4 Correlation analysis between serum biomarkers and p53 immunohistochemistry concordance in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue

Group		p53 IHC			Concordance rate (%)
		Positive	Negative	Total
ESPL1 protein	Positive	27	5	32	77.14a,b
	Negative	3	30	33
p53 antibody	Positive	20	1	21	68.57
	Negative	10	4	14
AFP	Positive	12	2	14	42.86
	Negative	18	3	21

^aP < 0.05 vs p53 antibody.

^bP < 0.05 vs alpha-fetoprotein.

ESPL1: Extra spindle pole bodies-like 1; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; IHC: immunohistochemistry.