Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis evaluates cellularity and hydration in cirrhotic patients

Table 1 Characteristics of the patients included

Variables1	Total sample (n = 190)
Age (yr)	56.6 ± 11.0
Gender
Male	116 (61.1)
Female	74 (38.9)
Child-Turcotte-Pugh
A	107 (56.3)
B	48 (25.3)
C	35 (18.4)
Etiology
HCV	90 (47.4)
Alcohol	51 (26.8)
HCV + alcohol	21 (11.1)
Other2	28 (14.7)
Phase angle	6.06 ± 2.20

¹Described by mean ± SD or n (%).

²Indicates hepatitis B virus, autoimmune, cholestatic disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cryptogenic. HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 2 Characteristics of the patients according to the bioelectrical impedance vector analysis method, related to age, sex, staging (Child-Turcotte-Pugh score), etiology and phase angle

Variables1	Total sample (n = 190)	Classification quadrants - BIVA
		Q1 (n = 91; 47.9%)	Q2 (n = 36; 18.9%)	Q3 (n = 27; 14.2%)	Q4 (n = 36; 18.9%)	P value
Age (yr)	56.6 ± 11.0	56.8 ± 9.64	50.3 ± 14.33	57.7 ± 9.24	61.6 ± 8.94	< 0.001
Gender						0.642
Male	116 (61.1)	54 (59.3)	20 (55.6)	17 (63.0)	25 (69.4)
Female	74 (38.9)	37 (40.7)	16 (44.4)	10 (37.0)	11 (30.6)
Child-Turcotte-Pugh						0.052
A	107 (56.3)	52 (57.1)	27 (75.0)	13 (48.1)	15 (41.7)
B	48 (25.3)	25 (27.5)	5 (13.9)	9 (33.3)	9 (25.0)
C	35 (18.4)	14 (15.4)	4 (11.1)	5 (18.5)	12 (33.3)
Etiology						0.380
HCV	90 (47.4)	45 (49.5)	16 (44.4)	13 (48.1)	16 (44.4)
Alcohol	51 (26.8)	29 (31.9)	7 (19.4)	7 (25.9)	8 (22.2)
HCV + alcohol	21 (11.1)	6 (6.6)	4 (11.1)	4 (14.8)	7 (19.4)
Other2	28 (14.7)	11 (12.1)	9 (25.0)	3 (11.1)	5 (13.9)
Phase angle	6.06 ± 2.20	6.49 ± 2.444	7.30 ± 2.124	5.07 ± 0.673	4.46 ± 0.703	< 0.001

¹Described by mean ± SD or n (%).

²Indicates hepatitis B virus, autoimmune, cholestatic disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cryptogenic.

³Numbers with superscript 3 do not differ statistically at 5% significance by Tukey’s test.

⁴Numbers with superscript 4 do not differ statistically at 5% significance by Tukey’s test. BIVA: Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; Q1: Quadrant 1; Q2: Quadrant 2; Q3: Quadrant 3; Q4: Quadrant 4.

Table 3 Distribution of the sample by age group related to phase angle classification, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis quadrants, sex, Child-Turcotte-Pugh score and etiology

Variables1	Age (yr)
	20-39 (n = 11; 5.8%)	40-49 (n = 32; 16.8%)	50-59 (n = 66; 34.7%)	≥ 60 (n = 81; 42.6%)	P value
PA	7.67 ± 2.504	6.68 ± 2.633, 4	5.79 ± 1.613	5.83 ± 2.293	0.014
PA classification					0.007
Good prognosis	11 (100)5	24 (75.0)	43 (65.2)	43 (53.1)
Bad prognosis	0 (0.0)	8 (25.0)	23 (34.8)	38 (46.9)5
BIVA Quadrant classification					0.002
Q1	4 (36.4)	15 (46.9)	36 (54.5)	36 (44.4)
Q2	7 (63.6)5	8 (25.0)	10 (15.2)	11 (13.6)
Q3	0 (0.0)	6 (18.8)	5 (7.6)	16 (19.8)
Q4	0 (0.0)	3 (9.4)	15 (22.7)	18 (22.2)
Gender					0.162
Male	9 (81.8)	22 (68.8)	42 (63.6)	43 (53.1)
Female	2 (18.2)	10 (31.3)	24 (36.4)	38 (46.9)
Child-Turcotte-Pugh					0.194
A	9 (81.8)	18 (56.3)	31 (47.0)	49 (60.5)
B	2 (18.2)	8 (25.0)	17 (25.8)	21 (25.9)
C	0 (0.0)	6 (18.8)	18 (27.3)	11 (13.6)
Etiology					0.030
HCV	1 (9.1)	14 (43.8)	34 (51.5)	41 (50.6)
Alcohol	3 (27.3)	9 (28.1)	16 (24.2)	23 (28.4)
HCV + alcohol	1 (9.1)	4 (12.5)	6 (9.1)	10 (12.3)
Other2	6 (54.5)5	5 (15.6)	10 (15.2)	7 (8.6)

¹Described by mean ± SD or n (%).

²Indicates hepatitis B virus, autoimmune, cholestatic disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cryptogenic.

³Numbers with superscript 3 do not differ statistically at 5% significance by Tukey’s test.

⁴Numbers with superscript 4 do not differ statistically at 5% significance by Tukey’s test.

⁵Indicates statistically significant association by the test of the residuals adjusted to 5% of significance. PA: Phase angle; BIVA: Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis; Q1: Quadrant 1; Q2: Quadrant 2; Q3: Quadrant 3; Q4: Quadrant 4; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 4 Association of the classification of phase angle prognosis related to age, sex, staging (Child-Turcotte-Pugh) and etiology

Variables1	Classification PA – 5.4°		P value
	Good prognosis (> 5.4°; n = 121)	Bad prognosis (< 5.4°; n = 69)
Age (yr)	54.2 ± 11.3	60.9 ± 9.0	< 0.001
Gender			0.040
Male	81 (66.9)	35 (50.7)
Female	40 (33.1)	34 (49.3)
Child-Turcotte-Pugh			< 0.001
A	81 (66.9)3	26 (37.7)
B	26 (21.5)	22 (31.9)
C	14 (11.6)	21 (30.4)3
Etiology			0.060
HCV	51 (42.1)	39 (56.5)
Alcohol	39 (32.2)	12 (17.4)
HCV + alcohol	11 (9.1)	10 (14.5)
Other2	20 (16.5)	8 (11.6)

¹Described by mean ± SD or n (%).

²Indicates hepatitis B virus, autoimmune, cholestatic disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cryptogenic.

³Indicates association statistically significant by the test of the residuals adjusted to 5% of significance. PA: Phase angle; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.