Timing of surgical repair of bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review

Figure 1 Flowchart of literature research.

Figure 2 Recommendation of bile duct injury repair. Eleven studies postulated recommendations for optimal timing of bile duct injury repair.

Figure 3 Distribution of definitions of bile duct injury repair timing. Definitions of timing were heterogeneous among publications. Immediate, early, delayed, and late repairs were defined in four, five, six, and five different manners.

Figure 4 Overlapping definitions of timing of bile duct injury repair. A: Dotted lines indicate different cut offs according to heterogeneous definitions of timing; B: Subgroup analysis after exclusion of overlapping definitions. Dotted lines indicates cut off for BDI repair at 14 d after LC. ¹: 24 h and 72 h. 6¹: 45 d.