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©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Hepatol. Mar 8, 2016; 8(7): 355-367
Published online Mar 8, 2016. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i7.355
Published online Mar 8, 2016. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i7.355
Indocyanine green kinetics to assess liver function: Ready for a clinical dynamic assessment in major liver surgery?
Andrea De Gasperi, Ernestina Mazza, Manlio Prosperi, 2° Servizio Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, 20162 Milano, Italy
Author contributions: De Gasperi A, Mazza E and Prosperi M performed literature review and wrote the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: De Gasperi A had fees for serving as a speaker for lectures and travel reimbursements from Astellas, Pfizer, Edwards, SEDA Italia Gilead, MSD, Fresenius Kabi, Grifols; Mazza E and Prosperi M have no conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Andrea De Gasperi, MD, 2° Servizio Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milano, Italy. andrea.degasperi@ospedaleniguarda.it
Telephone: +39-2-64444617 Fax: +39-2-64444891
Received: March 23, 2015
Peer-review started: March 25, 2015
First decision: May 18, 2015
Revised: February 1, 2016
Accepted: February 23, 2016
Article in press: February 24, 2016
Published online: March 8, 2016
Processing time: 346 Days and 5.3 Hours
Peer-review started: March 25, 2015
First decision: May 18, 2015
Revised: February 1, 2016
Accepted: February 23, 2016
Article in press: February 24, 2016
Published online: March 8, 2016
Processing time: 346 Days and 5.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Non invasive monitors for indocyanine green (ICG) clearance (PDR and R15) are now available for a rapid assessment of liver function both in the intensive care unit and in major liver surgery. After having reviewed the basic concepts of hepatic clearance, we have analysed the most common indications of ICG kinetic parameters in clinical practice, focusing on the diagnostic and prognostic role of PDR and R15 in the perioperative period of major resective liver surgery and liver transplantation. Since ICG parameters have still some limitations, we will underline the conditions (mainly hyperbilirubinemia and severe peripheral hypoperfusion) able to alter the reliability of these tests.