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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Hepatol. Aug 27, 2024; 16(8): 1099-1110
Published online Aug 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i8.1099
Published online Aug 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i8.1099
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and Pi*Z allele as important co-factors in the development of liver fibrosis
Ana Isabel Ferreira, Vitor Macedo Silva, Sofia Xavier, Joana Magalhães, José Cotter, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Guimarães 4835-044, Portugal
Ana Isabel Ferreira, Vitor Macedo Silva, Sofia Xavier, Joana Magalhães, José Cotter, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
Ana Isabel Ferreira, Vitor Macedo Silva, Sofia Xavier, Joana Magalhães, José Cotter, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
Catarina Guimarães, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Guimarães 4835-044, Portugal
Author contributions: Ferreira AI, Guimarães C, Macedo Silva V, Xavier S, Magalhães J, and Cotter J contributed to the study conception and design; Ferreira AI performed material preparation, data collection and analysis, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript; and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approval by the Institutional Review Board (Approval number 15/2022).
Informed consent statement: All patients gave informed, written consent prior to enrolling.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: Data supporting this study cannot be made available due to ethical and legal restrictions.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ana Isabel Ferreira, MD, Medical Assistant, Department of Gastro enterology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Rua dos Cutileiros 114, Creixomil, Guimarães 4835-044, Portugal. ai.voferreira@gmail.com
Received: January 10, 2024
Revised: April 27, 2024
Accepted: May 17, 2024
Published online: August 27, 2024
Processing time: 224 Days and 1.3 Hours
Revised: April 27, 2024
Accepted: May 17, 2024
Published online: August 27, 2024
Processing time: 224 Days and 1.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) who have more than 50 years of age and had a diagnosis after 41 years of age are at increased risk of developing liver fibrosis, as well as those who have at least one Pi*Z allele. In patients with AATD, the presence of metabolic risk factors, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia, and regular alcohol consumption, should be closely monitored and controlled, since these are important risk factors for the development of liver fibrosis.