Retrospective Cohort Study
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World J Hepatol. Jan 27, 2023; 15(1): 68-78
Published online Jan 27, 2023. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i1.68
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: A population-based matched cohort study
Arunkumar Krishnan, Ruhee A Patel, Yousaf Bashir Hadi, Diptasree Mukherjee, Sarah Shabih, Shyam Thakkar, Shailendra Singh, Tinsay A Woreta, Saleh A Alqahtani
Arunkumar Krishnan, Ruhee A Patel, Yousaf Bashir Hadi, Sarah Shabih, Shyam Thakkar, Shailendra Singh, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
Arunkumar Krishnan, Tinsay A Woreta, Saleh A Alqahtani, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
Diptasree Mukherjee, Department of Medicine, Apex Institute of Medical Science, Kolkata 700075, West Bengal, India
Saleh A Alqahtani, Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia
Author contributions: Krishnan A conceptualized and designed the research; Alqahtani SA and Woreta TA supervised the project; Krishnan A performed the formal analysis and interpretation of the data; Krishnan A and Patel RA wrote the original draft; Krishnan A, Patel RA, Hadi YB, Mukherjee D, Woreta TA, and Alqahtani SA performed the review and editing of the draft; Krishnan A and Hadi YB performed a critical revision of the manuscript; and all authors revised the manuscript for important intellectual content; and all authors approved the article’s final version, including the authorship list.
Institutional review board statement: TriNetX data have been granted a waiver from the Western institutional review board as a federated network since only aggregated counts and statistical summaries of de-identified information.
Informed consent statement: Not applicable for de-identified data.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE-Statement checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE-Statement checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Arunkumar Krishnan, MBBS, Doctor, Research Fellow, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, PO Box 9161, 5th Floor HSC, Room 5500, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States. dr.arunkumar.krishnan@gmail.com
Received: September 13, 2022
Peer-review started: September 13, 2022
First decision: October 20, 2022
Revised: October 25, 2022
Accepted: November 14, 2022
Article in press: November 14, 2022
Published online: January 27, 2023
Core Tip

Core Tip: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the liver of unknown etiology. Patients with AIH may be at increased risk of severe illness from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have poor outcomes due to underlying chronic liver disease (CLD) and ongoing pre-existing immunosuppression therapies. Patients with AIH are associated with increased hospitalization risk, severe disease, and all-cause mortality compared to patients without pre-existing CLDs from the diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients with AIH had a lower risk of several outcomes, including hospitalization, a necessity for critical care, and acute kidney injury, compared to patients with pre-existing CLDs other than AIH.