Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Hepatol. Jun 27, 2022; 14(6): 1258-1268
Published online Jun 27, 2022. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i6.1258
Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
William Reiche, Smit Deliwala, Saurabh Chandan, Babu P Mohan, Banreet Dhindsa, Daryl Ramai, Abhilash Perisetti, Rajani Rangray, Sandeep Mukherjee
William Reiche, Department of Internal Medicine, CHI Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68124, United States
Smit Deliwala, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University at Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI 48503, United States
Saurabh Chandan, Rajani Rangray, Sandeep Mukherjee, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHI Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68124, United States
Babu P Mohan, Daryl Ramai, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
Banreet Dhindsa, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
Abhilash Perisetti, Division of Gastroenterology, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, United States
Author contributions: Reiche W acquisition of data, drafting the article, final approval; Deliwala S acquisition of data, analysis, interpretation of data, drafting the article; Chandan S conceptualization, study search, critical revision, final approval; Mohan B statistical analysis; Dhindsa B, Ramai D, Perisetti A data collection and study search; Rangray R and Mukherjee S critical revision, final approval
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors deny any conflict of interest.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement was utilized and is located in the supplementary material uploaded content.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: William Reiche, DO, Doctor, Department of Internal Medicine, CHI Creighton University Medical Center, 7500 Mercy Road, Omaha, NE 68124, United States. reichewilliam@gmail.com
Received: January 21, 2022
Peer-review started: January 22, 2022
First decision: March 16, 2022
Revised: April 6, 2022
Accepted: May 12, 2022
Article in press: May 12, 2022
Published online: June 27, 2022
Processing time: 152 Days and 14.7 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Identification of risk factors for developing spontaneous bacterial empyema and characterization of spontaneous bacterial empyema are lacking. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis describing spontaneous bacterial empyema and the relationship to ascites in patients with cirrhosis. We investigated the incidence of spontaneous bacterial empyema, the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and the incidence of spontaneous bacterial empyema without ascites in a meta-analysis including eight studies.