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©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Hepatol. Nov 27, 2019; 11(11): 725-734
Published online Nov 27, 2019. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i11.725
Published online Nov 27, 2019. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i11.725
Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis
David B Snell, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, United States
Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
Russell Weg, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
Gaurav Ghosh, Adam P Buckholz, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
Amit Mehta, Arun B Jesudian, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, United States
Xiaoyue Ma, Paul J Christos, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
Author contributions: Snell DB, Cohen-Mekelburg S, Weg R and Jesudian AB designed the research; Snell DB, Ghosh G, Buckholz AP and Mehta A collected patient data; Ma X and Christos PJ analyzed data; Snell DB, Cohen-Mekelburg S and Jesudian AB wrote the paper.
Supported by Clinical and Translational Science Center , No. CTSC Grant UL1 TR002384 .
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Weill Cornell Institutional Review Board, No. 1512016797.
Informed consent statement: Waiver for informed consent approved by the Weill Cornell Institutional Review Board.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Dr. Arun Jesudian reports personal fees from Valeant Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. Dr. Jesudian is a consultant to Valeant Pharmaceuticals and on their Speaker’s Bureau. The remainder of the authors have nothing to disclose.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at David.Snell2@nyulangone.org. Consent was not obtained but the presented data are anonymized and risk of identification is low.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement- checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement- checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: David B Snell, MD, Fellow, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States. david.snell2@nyulangone.org
Telephone: +1-302-2208824
Received: May 9, 2019
Peer-review started: May 10, 2019
First decision: July 4, 2019
Revised: August 22, 2019
Accepted: October 15, 2019
Article in press: October 15, 2019
Published online: November 27, 2019
Processing time: 183 Days and 4.4 Hours
Peer-review started: May 10, 2019
First decision: July 4, 2019
Revised: August 22, 2019
Accepted: October 15, 2019
Article in press: October 15, 2019
Published online: November 27, 2019
Processing time: 183 Days and 4.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: This is the first study to describe the frequency of retained gastric food contents on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in a cirrhotic population. Our study reveals that cirrhotic patients are five times more likely to have retained food on EGD than controls. Additionally, this study investigates risk factors for gastric food retention in cirrhosis. Associated factors include age younger than 60, diabetes mellitus, opioid use, thrombocytopenia, and higher Child-Pugh class. A novel finding is the fact that gastric retention is associated with decompensated cirrhosis, as can be elucidated from the association with thrombocytopenia and higher Child-Pugh class.