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World J Hepatol. Dec 27, 2021; 13(12): 1977-1990
Published online Dec 27, 2021. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i12.1977
Artificial Intelligence in hepatology, liver surgery and transplantation: Emerging applications and frontiers of research
Fadl H Veerankutty, Govind Jayan, Manish Kumar Yadav, Krishnan Sarojam Manoj, Abhishek Yadav, Sindhu Radha Sadasivan Nair, T U Shabeerali, Varghese Yeldho, Madhu Sasidharan, Shiraz Ahmad Rather
Fadl H Veerankutty, Abhishek Yadav, Comprehensive Liver Care, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Cochin 682040, Kerala, India
Govind Jayan, Sindhu Radha Sadasivan Nair, T U Shabeerali, Varghese Yeldho, Shiraz Ahmad Rather, Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Liver Transplant Surgery, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum 695029, Kerala, India
Manish Kumar Yadav, Krishnan Sarojam Manoj, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum 695029, Kerala, India
Madhu Sasidharan, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram 695029, India
Author contributions: Veerankutty FH conceptualized the study; Jayan G, Rather SA, Yadav A, Nair SRS, Yeldho V and Sasidharan M collected the data and contributed to manuscript preparation; Veerankutty FH, Jayan G, Shabeerali TU, Yadav MK, Manoj KS and Rather SA drafted and edited the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Fadl H Veerankutty, MBBS, MS, DNB (GI SURGERY), Consultant, Comprehensive Liver Care, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, NH-66 Bypass, Cochin 682040, Kerala, India. fadl_05@yahoo.com
Received: March 16, 2021
Peer-review started: March 16, 2021
First decision: May 2, 2021
Revised: May 9, 2021
Accepted: November 19, 2021
Article in press: November 19, 2021
Published online: December 27, 2021
Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented realities into the medical field is being attempted by various researchers across the globe. As a matter of fact, most of the advanced technologies utilized by medical providers today have been borrowed and extrapolated from other industries. The introduction of AI into the field of hepatology and liver surgery is relatively a recent phenomenon. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the different AI concepts which are currently being tried to improve the care of patients with liver diseases. We end with summarizing emerging trends and major challenges in the future development of AI in hepatology and liver surgery.

Keywords: Liver disease, Machine learning, Deep learning, Artificial neural networks, Transplantation, Hepatectomy

Core Tip: Much of the advanced technologies utilized by medical providers today have been borrowed and extrapolated from other industries. The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into the field of hepatology and liver surgery is relatively a recent phenomenon. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the different AI concepts which are currently being tried to improve the care of patients with liver diseases. We end with summarizing emerging trends and major challenges in the future development of AI in hepatology and liver surgery.