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Li W, Hua Y, Zhou P, Zhou L, Xu X, Yang J. Characterizing Public Sentiments and Drug Interactions in the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Social Media: Natural Language Processing and Network Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2025; 27:e63755. [PMID: 40053730 PMCID: PMC11923463 DOI: 10.2196/63755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the COVID-19 pandemic has induced massive discussion of available medications on social media, traditional studies focused only on limited aspects, such as public opinions, and endured reporting biases, inefficiency, and long collection times. OBJECTIVE Harnessing drug-related data posted on social media in real-time can offer insights into how the pandemic impacts drug use and monitor misinformation. This study aimed to develop a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline tailored for the analysis of social media discourse on COVID-19-related drugs. METHODS This study constructed a full pipeline for COVID-19-related drug tweet analysis, using pretrained language model-based NLP techniques as the backbone. This pipeline is architecturally composed of 4 core modules: named entity recognition and normalization to identify medical entities from relevant tweets and standardize them to uniform medication names for time trend analysis, target sentiment analysis to reveal sentiment polarities associated with the entities, topic modeling to understand underlying themes discussed by the population, and drug network analysis to dig potential adverse drug reactions (ADR) and drug-drug interactions (DDI). The pipeline was deployed to analyze tweets related to the COVID-19 pandemic and drug therapies between February 1, 2020, and April 30, 2022. RESULTS From a dataset comprising 169,659,956 COVID-19-related tweets from 103,682,686 users, our named entity recognition model identified 2,124,757 relevant tweets sourced from 1,800,372 unique users, and the top 5 most-discussed drugs: ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, zinc, and vitamin D. Time trend analysis revealed that the public focused mostly on repurposed drugs (ie, hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin), and least on remdesivir, the only officially approved drug among the 5. Sentiment analysis of the top 5 most-discussed drugs revealed that public perception was predominantly shaped by celebrity endorsements, media hot spots, and governmental directives rather than empirical evidence of drug efficacy. Topic analysis obtained 15 general topics of overall drug-related tweets, with "clinical treatment effects of drugs" and "physical symptoms" emerging as the most frequently discussed topics. Co-occurrence matrices and complex network analysis further identified emerging patterns of DDI and ADR that could be critical for public health surveillance like better safeguarding public safety in medicines use. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that an NLP-based pipeline can be a robust tool for large-scale public health monitoring and can offer valuable supplementary data for traditional epidemiological studies concerning DDI and ADR. The framework presented here aspires to serve as a cornerstone for future social media-based public health analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Li
- School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yining Hua
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peilin Zhou
- Thrust of Data Science and Analytics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Kouchek M, Miri MM, Aghakhani K, Memarian A. ABO blood group is related to the prevalence, severity, and mortality rate of COVID-19. MEDICINA CLÍNICA PRÁCTICA 2024; 7:100442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpsp.2024.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
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Ebrahimi H, Atashzadeh Shoorideh F, Reza Sohrabi M, Ebrahimi M, Hosseini M. An Analysis of Approaches to Reduction of HIV Stigma across the World through educational interventions: A Scoping Review. INVESTIGACION Y EDUCACION EN ENFERMERIA 2024; 42:e06. [PMID: 39083818 PMCID: PMC11290898 DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v42n1e06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective To determinate the educational interventions for reducing the stigma caused by HIV worldwide. Methods This scoping review study analyzed all papers published from early 2000 to the end of 2022 by searching all the scientific databases, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and CINHAL. The quality assessment of the papers was done using the ROBIS tool checklist. Results 31papers were admitted to the scoping review process. Stigma reduction intervention was founded on three parts: Society, health and therapeutic services providers, and the patients who had HIV and their families. The interventions included education on the reduction of fear, and shame, observation of protective standards, conducting tests and treatment at the above levels, as well as the support provided by the society, policymakers, religious leaders and families of patients in economic, psychological and cultural terms, together with the establishment of social centres and organization of campaigns. Conclusion The stigma associated with HIV is a significant obstacle before treatment, life expectancy and living quality of patients. Therefore, the stigma associated with this disease can be reduced, and the living quality of patients can be raised using approaches such as education of healthcare service providers and afflicted people, as well as economic, social, cultural, and psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Ebrahimi
- 1 Ph.D. Candidate, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh
- 2 Ph.D. Professor, Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Sohrabi
- 3 Ph.D. Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Ebrahimi
- 4 M.Sc. Clinical Research Development Unit of Pirooz Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan.
| | - Meimanat Hosseini
- 5 Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Michalak A, Lach T, Szczygieł K, Cichoż-Lach H. COVID-19, Possible Hepatic Pathways and Alcohol Abuse-What Do We Know up to 2023? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2212. [PMID: 38396888 PMCID: PMC10888568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The pandemic period due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revolutionized all possible areas of global health. Significant consequences were also related to diverse extrapulmonary manifestations of this pathology. The liver was found to be a relatively common organ, beyond the respiratory tract, affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Multiple studies revealed the essential role of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the general outcome of coronavirus infection. Present concerns in this field are related to the direct hepatic consequences caused by COVID-19 and pre-existing liver disorders as risk factors for the severe course of the infection. Which mechanism has a key role in this phenomenon-previously existing hepatic disorder or acute liver failure due to SARS-CoV-2-is still not fully clarified. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) constitutes another not fully elucidated context of coronavirus infection. Should the toxic effects of ethanol or already developed liver cirrhosis and its consequences be perceived as a causative or triggering factor of hepatic impairment in COVID-19 patients? In the face of these discrepancies, we decided to summarize the role of the liver in the whole picture of coronavirus infection, paying special attention to ALD and focusing on the pathological pathways related to COVID-19, ethanol toxicity and liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Michalak
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Lach
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Szczygieł
- Clinical Dietetics Unit, Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Halina Cichoż-Lach
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
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Roshanshad R, Roshanshad A, Fereidooni R, Hosseini-Bensenjan M. COVID-19 and liver injury: Pathophysiology, risk factors, outcome and management in special populations. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:441-459. [PMID: 37206656 PMCID: PMC10190688 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i4.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is an ongoing health concern. In addition to affecting the respiratory system, COVID-19 can potentially damage other systems in the body, leading to extra-pulmonary manifestations. Hepatic manifestations are among the common consequences of COVID-19. Although the precise mechanism of liver injury is still questionable, several mechanisms have been hypothesized, including direct viral effect, cytokine storm, hypoxic-ischemic injury, hypoxia-reperfusion injury, ferroptosis, and hepatotoxic medications. Risk factors of COVID-19-induced liver injury include severe COVID-19 infection, male gender, advanced age, obesity, and underlying diseases. The presentations of liver involvement comprise abnormalities in liver enzymes and radiologic findings, which can be utilized to predict the prognosis. Increased gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels with hypoalbuminemia can indicate severe liver injury and anticipate the need for intensive care units’ hospitalization. In imaging, a lower liver-to-spleen ratio and liver computed tomography attenuation may indicate a more severe illness. Furthermore, chronic liver disease patients are at a higher risk for severe disease and death from COVID-19. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease had the highest risk of advanced COVID-19 disease and death, followed by metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and cirrhosis. In addition to COVID-19-induced liver injury, the pandemic has also altered the epidemiology and pattern of some hepatic diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis B. Therefore, it warrants special vigilance and awareness by healthcare professionals to screen and treat COVID-19-associated liver injury accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Roshanshad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7184731443, Iran
| | | | - Reza Fereidooni
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
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Sadeghi S, Kalantari Y, Shokri S, Fallahpour M, Nafissi N, Goodarzi A, Valizadeh R. Immunologic response, Efficacy, and Safety of Vaccines against COVID-19 Infection in Healthy and immunosuppressed Children and Adolescents Aged 2 - 21 years old: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Virol 2022; 153:105196. [PMID: 35716417 PMCID: PMC9162782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Children and adolescents form a large proportion of societies and play an important role in the transmission of COVID-19. On the other hand, their education, mental and physical wellness, and safety are compromised which makes vaccination a crucial step to return to normal life. In the current systematic review, the COVID-19 vaccination was evaluated in a total of 50,148 children and adolescents in 22 published studies and 5,279 participants in two ongoing clinical trials. The study was registered in the PROSPERO with the ID# CRD42022303615. Data were collected about multiple vaccines including BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), JNJ-78436735 (Johnson and Johnson), CoronaVac (Sinovac), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), adenovirus type-5-vectored vaccine, ZyCov-D, and BBV152 (COVAXIN). The immune response and efficacy of such vaccines were 96% - 100% in healthy children and adolescents and were also acceptable in those with underlying diseases and suppressed immune systems. The current systematic review revealed favorable safety profiles of employed vaccines in children and adolescents; however, adverse reactions such as myocarditis and myopericarditis were reported which were transient and resolved entirely. Consequently, vaccinating children and adolescents aged 2 - 21 years old is beneficial to abort the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the risk-benefit assessments revealed favorable results for vaccinating children and adolescents, especially those with underlying diseases and immunosuppressed conditions, alongside adults to prevent transmission, severe infection, negative outcomes, and new variants formation. Also, according to the meta-analysis, the efficacy and immune response of vaccines after the first and second doses were 91% and 92%, respectively. Meanwhile, overall immune response for all vaccines was 95% and 91% for Pfizer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sadeghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dermatology, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasamin Kalantari
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sima Shokri
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Fallahpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nahid Nafissi
- Department of General Surgery, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rohollah Valizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical science, Tehran, Iran and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tavakoli N, Nafissi N, Shokri S, Fallahpour M, Soleimani S, Riahi T, Kalantari S, Javan A, Goodarzi A, Valizadeh R. Pediatric and Adolescent COVID-19 Vaccination Side Effects: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Iranian Teenage group in 2021. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4890-4900. [PMID: 35758760 PMCID: PMC9349687 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To determine the safety and efficacy profile of teenager COVID‐19 vaccination. In this retrospective cohort study, contact numbers of parents of teenagers under 18 years of age referred to a teenager vaccination centers in Tehran‐Iran to receive the corona vaccine were collected, and the following information was obtained via the phones: demographic information, type of vaccine, and the number of doses received, as well as additional information like complications and required treatments. Eleven thousand forty‐two subjects aged 10−18 years, mean age 14.55 ± 1.83 year including 5374 boys and 5768 girls were investigated. 88.1% received the Sinopharm and 11.9% the Soberana vaccine. General side effects, including fatigue, fever and chills, injection site pain and dizziness, and so forth happened in 2978 cases; 7421 children presented with at least one general or organ‐specific side effect following vaccination, including potentially critical side effects, such as vascular injuries, respiratory complication, and so forth. 0.1% of the subject needed hospital admission. The breakthrough infection happened in 200 individuals. Our study shows that Sinopharm and Soberana (PastoCoVac) COVID‐19 vaccines are generally safe with no serious side effects in less than 18 years old. COVID‐19 infection and reinfection can occur after vaccination, but the incidence is actually tolerable and significantly lower than in the unvaccinated group.
Only 0.1% of the children with side effects related to vaccination need hospital admission. Regarding the ABO group, +A and then +O were the dominant blood group that developed COVID‐19. In total, 412 children developed major side effects (observed in 3.73% of all population and account for 5.5% of all observed side effects). In total, 3289 children developed general side effects following vaccination (0.2978 i.e., 2978 cases per 10 000 vaccinated children or about 30% of vaccinated children). There were 7421 children (67%) with at least one general or organ‐specific side effect following vaccination, including dermatological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, joint‐related, neurological, cardiovascular, and renal side effects following vaccination. All children who developed COVID‐19 after vaccination had a previous history of COVID‐19. There is no difference regarding the development of COVID‐19 after vaccination between the two vaccines of Sinopharm and Soberana. Only 1.8% of the children developed COVID‐19 after vaccination (Sinopharm [1.9%] and Soberana [1.5%]). After receiving both doses, the chance of developing COVID‐19 was the lowest. Regarding general side effects, fatigue, pain, and dizziness were higher in the Sinopharm group compared to the Soberana group. Soberana shows early side effects compared to Sinopharm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tavakoli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Nafissi
- Department of General Surgery, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Shokri
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Fallahpour
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Soleimani
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Riahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Kalantari
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Javan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rohollah Valizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hajebi A, Rasoulian M, Fathi M, Tiyuri A, Abbasinejad M, Naserbakht M, Asadi A, Khademoreza N. Randomized controlled trial for the efficacy of three versus five sessions of grief counseling on the psychological aspects following COVID-19 bereavement: A study protocol. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1047448. [PMID: 36545034 PMCID: PMC9760675 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1047448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have experienced traumatic losses and therefore are at risk of developing complicated grief regarding the restrictions on the performance of routine mourning rituals. This study is a randomized controlled trial for assessing the efficacy of three versus five sessions of grief counseling on grief intensity, psychological distress, and quality of life of grief among bereaved people due to COVID-19. METHODS A total of 120 bereaved people, due to COVID-19, will be enrolled in this multi-center randomized controlled trial after assessment for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following the informed consent procedure, participants will be allocated into two groups equally by the Stratified Balanced Block Randomization, one of them delivering a three-session grief counseling intervention and the other delivering a five-session grief counseling intervention. The intervention will be delivered by trained psychologists via in-person individual sessions. The primary outcome is grief intensity, and the secondary outcomes are psychological distress, quality of life, and satisfaction of the participants. These outcomes will be measured by the Grief Intensity Scale (GIS), the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the Short Form Health Survey-12 (SF-12), and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8), respectively. The assessments will be done at three time points, one before the intervention and the others 1 month and 3 months after the intervention. The data will be analyzed using the SPSS V.18 and Stata V.11 software. The analysis approach will be "intention to treat." DISCUSSION Results of this study can be applied for selecting the most suitable intervention leading to the prevention of complicated grief and the maintenance and promotion of the mental health of bereaved people due to COVID-19. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [irct.ir], identifier [IRCT20200505047305N1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hajebi
- Research Center for Addiction & Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rasoulian
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Fathi
- Health Deputy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Tiyuri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasinejad
- Department for Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Naserbakht
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asadi
- Department for Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Khademoreza
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nematshahi M, Soroosh D, Neamatshahi M, Attarian F, Rahimi F. Factors predicting readmission in patients with COVID-19. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:374. [PMID: 34565442 PMCID: PMC8474946 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 has been introduced by the World Health Organization as a health emergency worldwide. Up to 9% of the patients with COVID-19 may be readmitted by 2 months after discharge. This study aimed to estimate the readmission rate and identify main risk factors for readmission in these patients. In this prospective study, 416 discharged COVID patients followed up with a minimum 1 month and the readmission rate was recorded. Evaluated characteristics included time of readmission, age and sex, main symptoms of disease, result of computed tomography scan, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test and treatment modalities. RESULTS Regarding readmission, 51 patients of 416 discharged patients, was readmitted during the study period. The rate of readmission for 30 and 60 days after discharge was 7.6% and 8.1%, respectively. The median age of the readmitted patients was 67 years (IQR: 53-78). About 65% of readmitted patients had underlying disease. The most significant factor in readmission rate was related to the site of lung involvement (OR > 4). Age over 60 years, underlying disease especially diabetes (OR = 3.43), high creatinine level (≥ to 1.2 mg/dl) (OR = 2.15) were the most important predictors of readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nematshahi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Davood Soroosh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hospital Research Development Committee, Vasei Educational Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, TohidShar BLV, 9617747431 Sabzevar, Razavi Khorasan Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Neamatshahi
- Community Medicine Department, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Attarian
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh
, Iran
| | - Faeze Rahimi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hospital Research Development Committee, Vasei Educational Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, TohidShar BLV, 9617747431 Sabzevar, Razavi Khorasan Iran
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Gharebaghi N, Farshid S, Boroofeh B, Nejadrahim R, Mousavi J, Dindarian S, Mohammadi S. Evaluation of epidemiology, clinical features, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in West Azerbaijan Province. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14108. [PMID: 33626210 PMCID: PMC7995141 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is considered a widespread concern in global public health. Diagnoses of COVID-19 in some cases are necessary because of severe prognosis. In this study, epidemiologies, clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 were studied in Taleghani Hospital, Urmia, Iran. METHODS This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 215 patients with COVID-19 during March and April 2020. Approved COVID-19 case was considered as a person with a positive respiratory sample performed by at least one of two RT-PCR methods or genetic sequencing. ANOVA repeated measure, independent t-test and logistic regression were done. A P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 50.93 ± 17.92 years. Regarding gender, there were 91 females (42.3%) and 124 males (57.7%). The mean hospital stay, the temperature at admission, and onset of symptoms were 4.91 ± 3.68 days, 37.40 ± 0.96°C and 5.88 ± 4.80 days, respectively. Close contact with suspected people was found in 10.2% of patients. Additionally, 44 patients (20.5%) were smokers. Shortness of breath and cough were found in 62.8% and 49.3% of patients. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most common comorbidities of patients. Regarding lung involvement, 33 patients (33%) were normal, most of the patients (n = 71) had 5%-25% involvement in their lung and a minority of patients (n = 13) had a severe condition of 50%-75% lung involvement. The association between smoking and mortality was tested using chi-square showing no significant difference (X2 :2.959, P = .085). There was no significant difference between AST, ALT, ALP, total, direct Bilirubin, lung involvement and suffering from fever (P > .05). High Spo2 can increase the chance of recovery by 24% with each unit reduction. Kidney involvement increases the chance of death by about 80% (95% CI: 0.104-0.013). The odds ratio of spo2 for recovery of COVID-19 was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.014-1.528; P = .037). Kaletra with odds ratio of 31.960 had the most highest effect on recovery following COVID-19 (P = .043). CONCLUSION COVID-19 involves different organs of the body with different severity. In the meantime, smoking was not a risk factor for the virus or associated with severe manifestations of the disease. Patients with high creatinine and CPK, pulmonary involvement above 25%, and hypoxemia had a higher mortality rate. Increase of Spo2 by 1% can improve the patients by 24%. The results indicated that Kaletra had the most highest effect on improvement following COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Gharebaghi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and DermatologyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Saman Farshid
- Department of Urology and NephrologyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Behdad Boroofeh
- Department of PulmonologyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Rahim Nejadrahim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and DermatologyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Jalil Mousavi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and DermatologyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Sina Dindarian
- Student Research CommitteeUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Sedra Mohammadi
- Student Research CommitteeUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
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Ali S, Khalid S, Afridi M, Akhtar S, Khader YS, Akhtar H. Notes From the Field: The Combined Effects of Tocilizumab and Remdesivir in a Patient With Severe COVID-19 and Cytokine Release Syndrome. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e27609. [PMID: 34009133 PMCID: PMC8136404 DOI: 10.2196/27609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is known to cause severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome or COVID-19 in patients, which can be debilitating and even fatal. With no drugs or vaccines available yet, a wide range of treatment regimens used are being repurposed. The need of the hour is to analyze various currently available regimens and devise a treatment plan that is most effective for COVID-19. Here we describe the case of a 68-year-old man with hypertension and diabetes, exhibiting symptoms of cough and shortness of breath, who presented at the emergency department of our hospital. Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral ground glass opacities that were indicative of COVID-19, and a computed tomography score of 24 was indicative of severe pulmonary pneumonia. He tested positive for COVID-19. His treatment regimen included the use of convalescent plasma, oxygen therapy, steroids, high-dose antibiotics, broad-spectrum antiviral remdesivir, and anti–interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody (Tocilizumab) at various stages of the disease. Oxygen supplementation was required at the time of admission. The patient initially developed a cytokine release storm, and oxygen supplementation was initiated to manage his condition. Supportive care and multiple treatment regimens were used to successfully recover the patient’s health. With a rapid increase in number of confirmed cases worldwide, COVID-19 has become a major challenge to our health care system. With no available vaccines currently, the establishment of a combination of therapeutic drugs that effectively reduce disease progression is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahat Ali
- Department Of Gynecology And Obstetrics, Pakistan Air Force Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Khalid
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maham Afridi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samar Akhtar
- Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yousef S Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hashaam Akhtar
- Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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12
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Sadeghmoghadam L, Daneshfar M, Sharifi F, Alizad V. How the first cases of COVID-19 in 10 countries become infected? a case series. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 46:101219. [PMID: 32953445 PMCID: PMC7492837 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a new respiratory infectious disease called COVID-19 has emerged and created a global emergency. It was initially linked to the animal-to-human transmission. However, it is now thought that COVID-19 is spreading through human-to-human transmission mainly via droplets. As there is no definite antiviral therapy for the treatment of cases with COVID-19 the best option for slowing down the pandemic and reducing mortality rates is protection against the virus of interest. To achieve this goal obtaining information about how first cases infected with COVID-19 is crucial. Hence, this study aims to review the studies published in peer-reviewed journals to report the first confirmed cases with COVID-19. Herein, we review the origin, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and progress of the disease and possible actions of authorities which would be effective in similar pandemics in the future. This study reviewed 13 cases (5 females and 8 males; 25-61 years old) from 10 countries. All cases have recovered from COVID-19. The results of this review suggested that timely reports of the confirmed cases, notifying World Health Organization and providing information to the general population about the methods of spreading the virus would have decreased the number of infected cases and mortality rates. In addition, the travel history of the first confirmed cases in various countries suggested that prompt actions in restricting travels and closing borders could be an efficient strategy in preventing the transmission of the disease outside of the affected sites. Efforts should be taken by health authorities for preparing the world for future epidemic/pandemic in terms of developing advanced screening strategies in the borders and diagnostic strategies for early identification of infected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sadeghmoghadam
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Majid Daneshfar
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Alizad
- Movement Neuroscience Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Iranian Research Centre on Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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