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Kulkarni CB, Pullara SK, C S R, Moorthy S. Complications of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:2987-3003. [PMID: 38092590 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a potentially curative treatment option for early Hepatocellular carcinoma. The RFA is considered safe with a relatively low incidence of complications ranging from 2%-7.9%. Though most of the complications are self-limiting, sometimes they can be life-threatening. The occurrence of the particular complication depends on various factors like tumour location and morphology, underlying disease and ablation technique. A detailed understanding of potential complications along with the associated risk factors will help to employ strategies to prevent them, identify them early and manage them when they occur. This article demonstrates various radiofrequency ablation-related complications and discusses the risk factors and technical strategies to minimise them and achieve complete ablation of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Bhimaji Kulkarni
- Department of Radiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Lane, Ponekkra. Elamakkara P.O. 682041, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Sreekumar Karumathil Pullara
- Department of Radiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Lane, Ponekkra. Elamakkara P.O. 682041, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rajsekar C S
- Department of Radiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Lane, Ponekkra. Elamakkara P.O. 682041, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Srikanth Moorthy
- Department of Radiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Lane, Ponekkra. Elamakkara P.O. 682041, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Sanampudi S, Yu Q, Raissi D. Percutaneous microwave ablation of hepatic lesions near the heart. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:59. [PMID: 34805581 PMCID: PMC8573360 DOI: 10.21037/tgh-20-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early stage liver cancer is often treated with hepatic resection or transplantation for curative intent. Microwave ablation (MWA) is often performed in patients who are poor surgical candidates, patients with limited multifocal disease, disease close to hepatic vasculature, but can also be performed with curative intent in case of small lesions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate safety and efficacy of MWA of liver tumors with final ablation zone ≤5 mm from the heart. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on patients with hepatic cancer who underwent MWA between 1/2015 and 6/2019. Patients with a final ablation zone ≤5 mm to the heart were included. For these patients, imaging obtained prior, during and after procedure along with procedure reports were used to identify tumor and ablation characteristics, and electronic medical records were used to identify patient demographics and disease status. RESULTS A total of 17 patients had liver tumors with ablation zone ≤5 mm to the heart. Mean lesion size was 18.2 mm (range, 10-33 mm) and mean follow-up period was 10.4 months. Of note 82% of patients had multifocal disease at time of MWA of lesion close to the heart. Two patients had pneumothorax, one of which required chest tube placement. None of the patients had cardiac arrhythmias or other complications. Overall 12/17 of the patients had disease progression within the liver at different sites from ablated lesions. One patient had residual disease and one had local recurrence. In addition, 4/17 patients, had no disease progression or recurrence and one underwent liver transplantation prior to follow-up imaging. CONCLUSIONS MWA of liver lesions with ablation zone ≤5 mm to the heart is safe and effective, however, it can be technically challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Yu
- University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Driss Raissi
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Feasibility, safety and accuracy of a CT-guided robotic assistance for percutaneous needle placement in a swine liver model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5218. [PMID: 33664412 PMCID: PMC7933138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of a CT-guided robotic assistance for percutaneous needle placement in the liver. Sixty-six fiducials were surgically inserted into the liver of ten swine and used as targets for needle insertions. All CT-scan acquisitions and robotically-assisted needle insertions were coordinated with breath motion using respiratory monitoring. Skin entry and target points were defined on planning CT-scan. Then, robotically-assisted insertions of 17G needles were performed either by experienced interventional radiologists or by a novice. Post-needle insertion CT-scans were acquired to assess accuracy (3D deviation, ie. distance from needle tip to predefined target) and safety. All needle insertions (43/43; median trajectory length = 83 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 72–105 mm) could be performed in one (n = 36) or two (n = 7) attempts (100% feasibility). Blinded evaluation showed an accuracy of 3.5 ± 1.3 mm. Accuracy did not differ between novice and experienced operators (3.7 ± 1.3 versus 3.4 ± 1.2 mm, P = 0.44). Neither trajectory angulation nor trajectory length significantly impacted accuracy. No complications were encountered. Needle insertion using the robotic device was shown feasible, safe and accurate in a swine liver model. Accuracy was influenced neither by the trajectory length nor by trajectory angulations nor by operator’s experience. A prospective human clinical trial is recruiting.
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Long Y, Zeng Q, He X, Ye H, Su Y, Zheng R, Yu J, Xu E, Li K. One-lung ventilation for percutaneous thermal ablation of liver tumors in the hepatic dome. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 37:49-54. [PMID: 31918592 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2019.1708483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of one-lung ventilation for percutaneous thermal ablation of liver tumors in the hepatic dome.Materials and methods: From 5 January 2017 to 16 April 2019, 64 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided thermal ablation with a total of 75 liver malignant tumors located in the hepatic dome were enrolled in the present study. One-lung ventilation was employed to improve the acoustic window and protect the lung and diaphragm. If the one-lung ventilation was unsuccessful, artificial pleural effusion was added. The technical efficacy was confirmed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) 1 month later. After that, CT/MRI was performed every 3-6 months.Results: Among the enrolled patients, the technical success rate of one lung ventilation was 92.2% (59/64). The visibility scores of tumors were improved significantly after one-lung ventilation compared to those before one-lung ventilation (p < .001). Finally, 78.6% (55/70) of the tumors achieved clinical success of one-lung ventilation to become clearly visible and underwent thermal ablation. Fourteen of the remaining 15 tumors achieved a satisfactory acoustic window after combination of artificial pleural effusion. One lesion remained inconspicuous and partly affected by pulmonary gas. The follow-up period was 8 months (3-30 months). The technical efficacy rate was confirmed to be 100% (75/75). During the follow-up period, local tumor progression occurred in 2 patients (2/75, 2.7%). Major complications occurred in two patients (2/64, 3.1%) receiving one-lung ventilation.Conclusions: One-lung ventilation is a promising noninvasive method for the thermal ablation of hepatic dome tumors due to its efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Long
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjing Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuqi He
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huolin Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongqin Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Erjiao Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Garnon J, Cazzato RL, Auloge P, Ramamurthy N, Koch G, Gangi A. Adjunctive hydrodissection of the bare area of liver during percutaneous thermal ablation of sub-cardiac hepatic tumours. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:3352-3360. [PMID: 32211949 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the technique of hydrodissection of the sub-diaphragmatic bare area of the liver, in order to protect the diaphragm/heart during percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) of sub-cardiac hepatic tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2016 and December 2018, five patients (four female, one male; mean age 56.2 years) with five sub-cardiac liver tumours (two hepatocellular carcinoma, three metastases; mean size 39 mm) abutting the bare area (segments II/IVA) with expected ablation zones ≤ 5 mm from the myocardium were treated with PTA and adjunctive hydrodissection. Time to perform hydrodissection, distance between superior hepatic and diaphragmatic/pericardial surfaces before and after hydrodissection, ablation efficacy, complications, and local tumour progression (LTP) at last imaging follow-up were recorded. RESULTS Technical feasibility was 100%, with mean hydrodissection-volume of 126 ml (range 80-200 ml) and median hydrodissection-time of 9 min (range 8-45 min). Liver-diaphragmatic and liver-pericardial distance increased, respectively, from 2.4 mm (range 0-8 mm) to 10.8 mm (range 6-19 mm) and from 4 mm (range 1-10 mm) to 12.6 mm (range 8-20 mm) post-hydrodissection. All procedures were performed at full-power with complete tumour ablation and without complications (including peri-procedural haemodynamic/electrocardiographic disturbances, pericardial effusion and diaphragmatic hernia) or evidence of LTP at mean 12.2-month (range 1-26 month) follow-up. CONCLUSION Hydrodissection of the sub-diaphragmatic bare area of the liver is technically feasible and may potentially optimize safety PTA of sub-cardiac hepatic tumours.
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Tinguely P, Frehner L, Lachenmayer A, Banz V, Weber S, Candinas D, Maurer MH. Stereotactic Image-Guided Microwave Ablation for Malignant Liver Tumors-A Multivariable Accuracy and Efficacy Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:842. [PMID: 32587826 PMCID: PMC7298123 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Therapeutic success of thermal ablation for liver tumors depends on precise placement of ablation probes and complete tumor destruction with a safety margin. We investigated factors influencing targeting accuracy and treatment efficacy of percutaneous stereotactic image-guided microwave ablation (SMWA) for malignant liver neoplasms. Materials and methods: All consecutive patients treated with SMWA for malignant liver tumors over a 3-year period were analyzed. A computed tomography-based navigation system was used for ablation probe trajectory planning, stereotactic probe positioning, and validation of probe positions and ablation zones. Factors potentially influencing targeting accuracy [target positioning error (TPE)] and treatment efficacy within 6 months [ablation site recurrence (ASR)] were analyzed in a multivariable regression model, including challenging lesion locations (liver segments I, VII, and VIII; subphrenic location). Results: Three hundred one lesions (174 hepatocellular carcinomas, 87 colorectal liver metastases, 17 neuroendocrine tumors, and 23 others) were targeted in 191 interventions in 153 patients. The median TPE per ablation probe was 2.9 ± 2.3 mm (n = 384). Correction of ablation probe positions by repositioning was necessary in 4 out of 301 lesions (1%). Factors significantly influencing targeting accuracy were cirrhosis (R 0.67, CI 0.22-1.12) and targeting trajectory length (R 0.21, CI 0.12-0.29). Factors significantly influencing early ASR were lesion size >30 mm (OR 5.22, CI 2.44-11.19) and TPE >5 mm (OR 2.48, CI 1.06-5.78). Challenging lesion locations had no significant influence on targeting accuracy or early ASR. Conclusions: SMWA allows precise and effective treatment of malignant liver tumors even for lesions in challenging locations, with treatment efficacy depending on targeting accuracy in our model. Allowing for many tumors to be safely reached, SMWA has the potential to broaden treatment eligibility for patients with otherwise difficult to target tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Tinguely
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Frehner
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anja Lachenmayer
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Banz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weber
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin H Maurer
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Filippiadis DK, Spiliopoulos S, Konstantos C, Reppas L, Kelekis A, Brountzos E, Kelekis N. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma in challenging locations: safety and efficacy of high-power microwave platforms. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 34:863-869. [PMID: 28828899 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1370728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy/safety of CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for HCC in challenging locations using high-power microwave platforms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted in 26 patients with 36 HCC tumours in challenging locations (hepatic dome, subcapsular, close to the heart/diaphragm/hepatic hilum, exophytic) undergoing CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation in a single centre since January 2011. Two different microwave platforms were used both operating at 2.45 GHz: AMICA and Acculis MWA System. Patient demographics including age, sex, tumour size and location, as well as technical details were recorded. Technical success, treatment response, patients survival and complication rate were evaluated. RESULTS Treated tumours were located in the hepatic dome (n = 14), subcapsularly (n = 16), in proximity to the heart (n = 2) or liver hilum (n = 2), while two were exophytic tumours at segment VI (n = 2). Mean tumour diameter was 3.30 cm (range 1.4-5 cm). In 3/26 patients (diameter >4 cm), an additional session of DEB-TACE was performed due to tumour size. Technical success rate was 100%; complete response rate was recorded in 33/36 tumours (91.6%). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, survival rate was 92.3% and 72.11% at 24- and 60-month follow-up, respectively. There were no major complications; two cases of minor pneumothorax and two cases of small subcapsular haematoma were resolved only with observation requiring no further treatment. CONCLUSION CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma tumours in challenging locations and up to 5 cm in diameter can be performed with high efficacy and safety rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios K Filippiadis
- a 2nd Radiology Department , University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Stavros Spiliopoulos
- a 2nd Radiology Department , University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Lazaros Reppas
- b 2nd Radiology Department , University General Hospital "ATTIKON" , Athens , Greece
| | - Alexis Kelekis
- b 2nd Radiology Department , University General Hospital "ATTIKON" , Athens , Greece
| | - Elias Brountzos
- b 2nd Radiology Department , University General Hospital "ATTIKON" , Athens , Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kelekis
- b 2nd Radiology Department , University General Hospital "ATTIKON" , Athens , Greece
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Hermida M, Cassinotto C, Piron L, Assenat E, Pageaux GP, Escal L, Pierredon-Foulongne MA, Verzilli D, Jaber S, Guiu B. Percutaneous thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas located in the hepatic dome using artificial carbon dioxide pneumothorax: retrospective evaluation of safety and efficacy. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 35:90-96. [PMID: 29923441 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1477206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The targeting of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in the hepatic dome can be challenging during percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA). The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PTA of HCC in the hepatic dome that cannot be visualized under US, using artificial CO2 pneumothorax and CT-guidance and (2) to compare the results with US-visible HCC located in the liver dome treated under US-guidance. MATERIALS Over a 32-month period, 56 HCC located in the hepatic dome were extracted from a prospectively maintained database. Twenty-eight cases (US-guidance group) were treated under US-guidance, while the others (n = 28, CT-CO2 group) were treated under CT-guidance using artificial CO2 pneumothorax after lipiodol tagging of the tumor. The primary technical success and complications rates of this technique were retrospectively assessed. Local tumor progression (LTP), intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS) were also compared between both groups. RESULTS Primary technical success was 100% in both groups. No major complications occurred. After a median follow-up of 13.8 months (range, 1-33.4 months), LTP occurred in 10.7% (3/28) in CT-CO2 vs. 25% (7/28) in the US-guidance group (p = NS). IDR occurred in 39.3% (11/28) in CT-CO2 vs. 28.6% (8/28) in the US-guidance group (p = NS). Death occurred in 17.9% (5/28) of patients in both groups. LRFS and OS did not significantly differ using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. CONCLUSION CT-guided PTA after artificially induced CO2 pneumothorax is a safe and efficient technique to treat HCC located in the hepatic dome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Hermida
- a Department of Radiology , St-Eloi University Hospital , Montpellier , France
| | | | - Lauranne Piron
- a Department of Radiology , St-Eloi University Hospital , Montpellier , France
| | - Eric Assenat
- c Department of Hepatology , St-Eloi University Hospital , Montpellier , France
| | - Georges-Philippe Pageaux
- d Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care , St-Eloi University Hospital , Montpellier , France
| | - Laure Escal
- a Department of Radiology , St-Eloi University Hospital , Montpellier , France
| | | | - Daniel Verzilli
- e INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute , Montpellier , France
| | - Samir Jaber
- e INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute , Montpellier , France
| | - Boris Guiu
- a Department of Radiology , St-Eloi University Hospital , Montpellier , France.,b Department of Digestive Oncology , St-Eloi University Hospital , Montpellier , France
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Kambadakone A, Baliyan V, Kordbacheh H, Uppot RN, Thabet A, Gervais DA, Arellano RS. Imaging guided percutaneous interventions in hepatic dome lesions: Tips and tricks. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:840-849. [PMID: 28740595 PMCID: PMC5504359 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i19.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous hepatic interventions are generally safe given the fact that liver closely abuts the abdominal wall and hence it is easily accessible. However, the superior portion of liver, adjacent to the diaphragm, commonly referred as the "hepatic dome", presents unique challenges for interventionists. Percutaneous access to the hepatic dome may be restricted by anatomical factors and special considerations may be required to avoid injury to the surrounding organs. The purpose of this review article is to discuss certain specific maneuvers and techniques that can enhance the success and safety of interventions in the hepatic dome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kambadakone
- Avinash Kambadakone, Vinit Baliyan, Hamed Kordbacheh, Raul N Uppot, Ashraf Thabet, Debra A Gervais, Ronald S Arellano, Harvard Medical School, Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Vinit Baliyan
- Avinash Kambadakone, Vinit Baliyan, Hamed Kordbacheh, Raul N Uppot, Ashraf Thabet, Debra A Gervais, Ronald S Arellano, Harvard Medical School, Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Hamed Kordbacheh
- Avinash Kambadakone, Vinit Baliyan, Hamed Kordbacheh, Raul N Uppot, Ashraf Thabet, Debra A Gervais, Ronald S Arellano, Harvard Medical School, Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Raul N Uppot
- Avinash Kambadakone, Vinit Baliyan, Hamed Kordbacheh, Raul N Uppot, Ashraf Thabet, Debra A Gervais, Ronald S Arellano, Harvard Medical School, Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Ashraf Thabet
- Avinash Kambadakone, Vinit Baliyan, Hamed Kordbacheh, Raul N Uppot, Ashraf Thabet, Debra A Gervais, Ronald S Arellano, Harvard Medical School, Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Debra A Gervais
- Avinash Kambadakone, Vinit Baliyan, Hamed Kordbacheh, Raul N Uppot, Ashraf Thabet, Debra A Gervais, Ronald S Arellano, Harvard Medical School, Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Ronald S Arellano
- Avinash Kambadakone, Vinit Baliyan, Hamed Kordbacheh, Raul N Uppot, Ashraf Thabet, Debra A Gervais, Ronald S Arellano, Harvard Medical School, Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
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Fonseca AZ, Santin S, Gomes LGL, Waisberg J, Jr. MAFR. Complications of radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors: Frequency and risk factors. World J Hepatol 2014; 6:107-113. [PMID: 24672640 PMCID: PMC3959111 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i3.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become an important option in the therapy of primary and secondary hepatic tumors. Surgical resection is still the best treatment option, but only a few of these patients are candidates for surgery: multilobar disease, insufficient liver reserve that will lead to liver failure after resection, extra-hepatic disease, proximity to major bile ducts and vessels, and co-morbidities. RFA has a low mortality and morbidity rate and is considered to be safe. Thus, complications occur and vary widely in the literature. Complications are caused by thermal damage, direct needle injury, infection and the patient’s co-morbidities. Tumor type, type of approach, number of lesions, tumor localization, underlying hepatic disease, the physician’s experience, associated hepatic resection and lesion size have been described as factors significantly associated with complications. The physician in charge should promptly recognize high-risk patients more susceptible to complications, perform a close post procedure follow-up and manage them early and adequately if they occur. We aim to describe complications from RFA of hepatic tumors and their risk factors, as well as a few techniques to avoid them. This way, others can decrease their morbidity rates with better outcomes.
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Kamei S, Matsuda J, Hagihara M, Kitagawa A, Izumi Y, Katsuda E, Oshima Y, Ikeda S, Kimura J, Ota T, Kawamura T, Ishiguchi T. Oblique approach for CT-guided liver radiofrequency ablation using multiplanar reformation images in hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Radiol 2012; 30:533-9. [PMID: 22528338 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-012-0074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility and safety of CT-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation by caudal-cranial oblique insertion using multiplanar reformation (MPR) images for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two HCCs in 19 patients that were difficult to demonstrate on ultrasound (mean tumor diameter was 17.5 mm) were treated with CT-guided RF ablation by caudal-cranial oblique insertion to avoid pneumothorax, using MPR images after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The insertion point and direction of insertion, avoiding aerated lung parenchyma, bones, large vessels, and intestine, were sought on the MPR images. Technical success was defined as complete eradication of tumor enhancement in the contrast-enhanced CT. Local tumor progression was defined by the appearance of enhanced tumor adjacent to the zone of ablation. The technical success rate, local tumor progression, and complications were investigated. RESULTS The coronal plane was used for insertion in 18 tumors, the sagittal plane in 3 tumors, and the oblique plane in 1 tumor. RF electrode placement was successful and complete necrosis was obtained in all cases. During the mean follow-up period of 38.0 months, local tumor progression was not detected in any of the patients. There were no major complications, including pneumothorax. CONCLUSION CT-guided RF ablation by caudal-cranial oblique insertion using MPR images is a feasible and safe therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kamei
- Department of Radiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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Mendiratta-Lala M, Brook OR, Midkiff BD, Brennan DD, Thornton E, Faintuch S, Sheiman RG, Goldberg SN. Quality initiatives: strategies for anticipating and reducing complications and treatment failures in hepatic radiofrequency ablation. Radiographics 2010; 30:1107-22. [PMID: 20442337 DOI: 10.1148/rg.304095202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is one of several local treatment strategies that can be used for the destruction of a variety of primary and secondary liver tumors. As experience with RF ablation grows, it becomes increasingly evident that successful ablation requires meticulous technique. In addition, knowledge of potential complications is critical for both the interventionalist and the radiologist, whose postablation interpretation can facilitate identification of complications and treatment failures. Hepatic RF ablation offers significant advantages in that it is less invasive than surgery and carries a low risk of major complications. Successful prevention of complications and treatment failures begins at initial consultation and continues with preablation evaluation of specific patient factors such as coagulation profiles, use of medications, and risk factors for infection. Other predisposing factors include background liver cirrhosis, prior hepatectomy, and portal hypertension. During ablation, careful attention must be given to tumor size, number, and location. For large or multiple ablations, separate ablation sessions can help reduce the prevalence of postablation syndrome, and clustered electrodes and multiple overlapping treatment zones may be used to reduce the risk of treatment failure. It is critical to reevaluate tumors during ablation to determine the best approach and to compensate for changes in size and relative location due to patient positioning. With use of these strategies, hepatic RF ablation can be performed with greater safety, better patient tolerance, and a reduced risk of complications and treatment failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Mendiratta-Lala
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, One Deaconess Rd, W/ML 302, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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