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Taheri E, Yilmaz Y, Ghorat F, Moslem A, Zali MR. Association of diet quality scores with risk of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in Iranian population: a nested case-control study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2025; 24:46. [PMID: 39816985 PMCID: PMC11729581 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Background and aim A healthy diet has been recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate the associations of diet quality indices with the risk of developingmetabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods We conducted this nested case-control study by recruiting 968 cases with MAFLD and 964 controls from the participants of the baseline phase of the Sabzevar Persian Cohort Study (SPCS). MAFLD was defined as having a fatty liver index ≥ 60 plus at least one of the following: overweight or obese, Type II diabetes mellitus, or evidence of metabolic dysregulation. Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) were calculated from a validated food frequency questionnaire. We estimated the associations of HEI-2015 and AHEI-2010 with MAFLD risk using multivariable logistic regression. Results Among those in the highest relative to the lowest quintile of HEI-2015 and AHEI-2010, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) were 0.45 (95% CI [confidence interval] 0.29-0.69; P trend = 0.002) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.35-0.85; P trend = 0.04), respectively. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that there is a significant associationbetween adherence to a healthy diet, indicated by a higher score of HEI or AHEI, and a reduced likelihood of developingMAFLD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01544-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsaneh Taheri
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Fereshteh Ghorat
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Alireza Moslem
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Romualdo GR, Valente LC, Bacil GP, Riechelmann-Casarin L, da Fonseca ARB, Fornes MW, Barbisan LF. A diet-driven metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) mouse model resembles the corresponding human disease. J Mol Histol 2025; 56:162. [PMID: 40392411 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-025-10449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 05/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
Most of the available preclinical Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and steatohepatitis (MASH) models fail to resemble metabolic comorbidities and liver fibrosis. To establish a standard MASLD/MASH model, we characterized some morphological, biochemical, and transcriptomic features in a Western diet-induced MASLD model in mice, depicting its similarities to the corresponding human disease. Male C57BL/6J mice received a hypercaloric diet containing sucrose, saturated fat, and cholesterol-rich chow, and high sugar solution for 24 weeks. This model featured a distinct MASH phenotype with obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, hypercholesterolemia, extensive macro and microvesicular, liver steatosis, and slight-to-moderate pericellular/perisinusoidal fibrosis, which was in keeping with the increased hepatic levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, and upregulation of 18 collagen subunit genes (as Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, Col5a2, Col4a1, Col6a3, Col14a1, Col6a2, Col5a1), 34 cytokines or chemokines or related receptors-coding genes (as Il15, Cxcl9, Ccl22), 18 TNF-related genes (as Tnfaip8l3, Tnfrsf21, Tnfaip8, Tnfrfs12a) and 12 metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-related genes (as Mmp2, Mmp7). The downregulated genes were negative regulators of gluconeogenesis, insulin secretion, and lipid biosynthesis, most belonging to the major urinary protein (MUP) family. The computational analysis of human samples revealed a similarity between our bioassay and human steatohepatitis, with the upregulation of fibrosis- and inflammation-associated orthologs (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A2, COL4A1, COL6A3, COL14A1, COL6A2, COL5A1, TNFAIP8L3, TNFRSF21, TNFAIP8, TNFRFS12A, IL15, CXCL9, CCL22, MMP2, MMP7). Our mouse model may be applied as a standard MASH translational bioassay, providing valuable insights into the inflammatory/fibrosis axis of this chronic disease, from the pathogenesis to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n -Rubião Jr, Botucatu, SP, 18618687, Brazil.
| | - Letícia C Valente
- Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n -Rubião Jr, Botucatu, SP, 18618687, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P Bacil
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Riechelmann-Casarin
- Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n -Rubião Jr, Botucatu, SP, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Antônio R B da Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel W Fornes
- Institute of Histology and Embriology from Mendonza-IHEM, CONICET Mendonza, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Luís F Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Riechelmann-Casarin L, Valente LC, Otton R, Barbisan LF, Romualdo GR. Are glyphosate or glyphosate-based herbicides linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)? The weight of current evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2025; 116:104705. [PMID: 40311787 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2025] [Revised: 04/16/2025] [Accepted: 04/27/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects around 30 % of the world's population, increasing its prevalence by 50 % in the last three decades. MASLD pathogenesis is considered multiaxial, involving disturbances in the liver, adipose tissue (AT), and gut microbiome. In parallel with MASLD increasing trends, the total herbicide use has nearly tripled over the last three decades. Glyphosate (GLY) is the most used herbicide worldwide (825 mi kg/year). The intensive use of GLY-based herbicides (GBH) - largely driven by the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant genetically modified crops over the past two decades - has led to environmental (soil and water) and food contamination, resulting in continuous human exposure. Emerging (pre)clinical data highlights the significant implications of this herbicide on MASLD, marking a critical research area. Thus, this narrative review paper aimed at gathering and evaluating all epidemiological and (pre)clinical data on the implications of GLY or GBH on MASLD outcomes. Our work encompassed literature published between 2008-2025. Human urinary GLY levels are associated with different MASLD outcomes (steatosis risk, advanced fibrosis, increased transaminases) and comorbidities (higher risk for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases) (6 studies). In vitro data indicate that GBH/GLY cause oxidative stress, genomic instability, apoptosis, and membrane disruption in hepatocytes, while promoting apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in (pre)adipocytes and cytokine production in monocytes (15 studies). In rodent studies (21 studies), GLY/GBH - in doses based on human exposure/toxicological limits - induces inflammatory and oxidative responses in the liver and AT, while causing dysbiosis and metabolic alterations in the gut microbiome axis. In the light of populational-, cell- and animal-based evidence, GLY/GBH disturbs key axis of MASLD pathogenesis and is hypothesized to be associated with its clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Riechelmann-Casarin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Botucatu Medical School, Brazil
| | - Leticia Cardoso Valente
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Botucatu Medical School, Brazil
| | - Rosemari Otton
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Botucatu Medical School, Brazil.
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Ramírez-Mejía MM, Martínez-Sánchez FD, Córdova-Gallardo J, Méndez-Sánchez N. Evaluating the RESET care program: Advancing towards scalable and effective healthcare solutions for metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease. World J Hepatol 2025; 17:105254. [PMID: 40308819 PMCID: PMC12038424 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i4.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Revised: 02/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
In this article, we discuss the recently published article by Soni et al. This study explores the effectiveness of a comprehensive digital health program, RESET care, which integrates personalized dietary plans, structured exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapy delivered through a mobile app equipped with Internet of Things devices such as body composition analyzers and smartwatches. Metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD), a global health burden affecting approximately 25% of the population, demands sustainable lifestyle modifications as its primary management strategy. The study reports that 100% of participants in the comprehensive intervention group (diet + exercise + cognitive behavioral therapy) achieved a weight reduction ≥ 7% (6.99 ± 2.98 kg, 7.00% ± 3.39%; P = 0.002), a clinically significant threshold for MASLD improvement. In addition, participants showed a mean weight reduction of 6.99 kg (101.10 ± 17.85 vs 94.11 ± 17.38, P < 0.001) and a body mass index reduction of 2.18 kg/m² (32.90 ± 3.02 vs 30.72 ± 3.41, P < 0.001). These results underscore the potential of digital health platforms to provide scalable, evidence-based solutions for the treatment of MASLD. While these results highlight the potential of digital platforms in the scalable and personalized management of MASLD, the small study sample size and short duration of follow-up limit the generalizability of the results. Future large-scale, long-term trials are needed to confirm sustained benefits, cost-effectiveness, and broader applicability. This letter contextualizes the study within the evolving landscape of MASLD management and emphasizes the clinical implications of integrating digital technologies into standard care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Ramírez-Mejía
- Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04360, Mexico
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico
| | | | | | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04360, Mexico.
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Wang J, Mo J, Wan X, Fan Y, Zhuang P. Meat and fish consumption, genetic risk and risk of severe metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a prospective cohort of 487,875 individuals. Nutr J 2025; 24:65. [PMID: 40281620 PMCID: PMC12023461 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-025-01134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet, specifically meat consumption, has been implicated as a modifiable risk factor in the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the associations between various types of meat intake and the risk of severe MAFLD and to examine whether genetic risk influences these associations. METHODS This research utilized data from the UK Biobank, which initially enrolled over 500,000 participants between 2006 and 2010, of whom 487,875 were eligible for our analyses. Meat intake, including unprocessed red meat, processed meat, poultry, and fish, was evaluated through a validated touchscreen questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the relationship between meat consumption and severe MAFLD risk, adjusting for potential confounders. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated using five MAFLD-associated SNPs, allowing for analyses of gene-diet interactions. RESULTS During a follow-up period totaling 6,036,554 person-years (mean duration: 12.1 years), 5,731 new cases of severe MAFLD were identified. High intakes of total meat, processed meat, unprocessed red meat and poultry were associated with increased MAFLD risk, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.76 (95% CI: 1.33-2.33), 1.19 (1.02-1.40), 1.34 (1.17-1.53), and 1.21 (0.98-1.49), respectively, for the highest versus lowest intake categories. In contrast, oily fish intake showed a protective association (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53-0.97). No significant interaction was observed between meat intake and GRS for any meat subtype, suggesting that the associations were independent of genetic predisposition. CONCLUSIONS High consumption of red and processed meat was associated with an increased risk of severe MAFLD, while oily fish intake showed an inverse association with the risk of MAFLD. These effects were consistent across genetic risk levels for MAFLD. Our findings reinforce dietary recommendations to limit red and processed meat and encourage oily fish intake for MAFLD prevention, irrespective of individual genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 312000, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jianshu Mo
- Department of Secondary Internal Medicine, Yuyao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuyao, 315400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Pădureanu V, Dop D, Radu L, Rădulescu D, Pădureanu R, Pîrșcoveanu DFV, Caragea DC. Nephrological, Pulmonary, and Dermatological Complications in the Context of MAFLD/NAFLD: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2025; 15:272. [PMID: 40278401 PMCID: PMC12029749 DOI: 10.3390/metabo15040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Revised: 04/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: The most common cause of chronic liver disease is now known to be non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the pathophysiology and clinical implications of nephrological, pulmonary, and dermatological manifestations among NAFLD/MAFLD patients. In order to find safe and efficient treatments, NAFLD/MAFLD has emerged as a primary concern for hepatologists worldwide. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature from major databases, focusing on studies that evaluated the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD/MAFLD. Emphasis was placed on identifying pathophysiological mechanisms and assessing their clinical impact on renal, pulmonary, and dermatological systems. Results: Recent developments in the management of chronic viral hepatitis have lowered the mortality rate associated with chronic liver disease. However, the prevalence of NAFLD/MAFLD continues to rise, making chronic liver disease a significant health concern for the future. An increasing percentage of patients on liver transplant waiting lists now have cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma due to non-alcoholic liver disease. Furthermore, the incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease have surged, linking NAFLD/MAFLD to higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Conclusions: NAFLD/MAFLD is underdiagnosed and underappreciated, yet its incidence is rapidly increasing, raising concerns about a potential global epidemic. Given its multisystemic impact-extending to renal, pulmonary, and dermatological complications-it is crucial to develop interdisciplinary strategies for early detection and effective management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Pădureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Dalia Dop
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Lucrețiu Radu
- Department of Hygiene, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Dumitru Rădulescu
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Rodica Pădureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | | | - Daniel Cosmin Caragea
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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7
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Martinez-Vazquez SE, Kammar-García A, Moctezuma-Velázquez C, Mancilla-Galindo J, García-Juárez I, Uscanga-Domínguez LF. The Impact of Dietary Sugars and Saturated Fats on Body and Liver Fat in a Healthcare Worker Population. Nutrients 2025; 17:1328. [PMID: 40284193 PMCID: PMC12029709 DOI: 10.3390/nu17081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Revised: 04/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent disease influenced by dietary factors. While high sugar and fat consumption are associated with weight gain, their specific impact on liver fat accumulation remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sugar and saturated fat intake and liver and body fat composition. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to February 2023 in workers from a tertiary care center in Mexico City. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis and skinfold assessment), physical activity, and liver fat (vibration-controlled transient elastography) were measured. Dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h recall questionnaire and analyzed with specialized software. Linear and logistic regression models were fitted to study the relationship between nutrient intake and liver/body fat. Results: A total of 534 healthcare workers (median age: 41.5 years, 61.4% female) were included. Hepatic steatosis was present in 42.5% of participants. Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with increased liver fat (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.02-0.45), with each additional 15 g of carbohydrates increasing the odds of steatosis by 5% (OR = 1.053, 95% CI: 1.006-1.102). Fat and sugar intake were associated with higher body fat but not liver fat. Conclusions: Carbohydrate intake was linked to liver fat accumulation, whereas fat and sugar intake were primarily associated with body fat. Tailored dietary recommendations could be informed by these findings. Prospective dietary assessment methods and a nutritional geometry approach could be applied in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Eugenia Martinez-Vazquez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (I.G.-J.); (L.F.U.-D.)
| | - Ashuin Kammar-García
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Moctezuma-Velázquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada;
| | - Javier Mancilla-Galindo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ignacio García-Juárez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (I.G.-J.); (L.F.U.-D.)
| | - Luis Federico Uscanga-Domínguez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (I.G.-J.); (L.F.U.-D.)
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Gonzales E, Bustamante A, García-Díaz D, Sanhueza L, Orellana JF, Fredes C, Jiménez P, Chávez V, Echeverría F. Assessing quality and polyphenol in vitro bioaccessibility in healthy jelly gummies with microencapsulated and non-encapsulated pomegranate peel extract. Food Chem 2025; 470:142611. [PMID: 39752744 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) is rich in polyphenols, notably punicalagin and ellagic acid, but is sensitive to environmental degradation and has low bioavailability. Microencapsulation can enhance PPE stability and bioaccessibility, making it suitable for functional foods like jelly gummies (JG). JG containing microencapsulated PPE (MPPE) have not been studied. OBJECTIVE To characterize a JG prototype incorporating PPE or MPPE and compare the bioaccessibility of total polyphenols (TP), punicalagin, and ellagic acid after a simulated in vitro digestion. METHODS PPE-JG and MPPE-JG prototypes were evaluated for physical, sensory, and chemical properties. The bioaccessibility of the main bioactive compounds was analyzed using the INFOGEST digestion protocol. RESULTS Bioaccessibility was significantly higher for MPPE-JG compared to PPE-JG for TP (164.1 ± 6.0 vs. 100.0 ± 5.8 %, respectively) and punicalagin (173.4 ± 4.4 vs. 106.5 ± 4.2 %, respectively). MPPE-JG exhibited enhanced bioaccessibility, suggesting MPPE as a viable, functional ingredient in healthy gummies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Gonzales
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile..
| | - Andrés Bustamante
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile..
| | - Diego García-Díaz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile..
| | - Leyla Sanhueza
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile..
| | - Juan Francisco Orellana
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile..
| | - Carolina Fredes
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436 Santiago, Chile..
| | - Paula Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile..
| | - Vilma Chávez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile..
| | - Francisca Echeverría
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436 Santiago, Chile..
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Hu Z, Yue H, Jiang N, Qiao L. Diet, oxidative stress and MAFLD: a mini review. Front Nutr 2025; 12:1539578. [PMID: 40104813 PMCID: PMC11913703 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1539578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Globally, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), also known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a common chronic liver disease. The progression of MAFLD leads to a vicious cycle in which oxidative stress results from the disease that is augmenting de-novo lipid levels and increases steatosis. Most non-enzymatic antioxidants are present in food. Therefore, the present review summarizes the findings of studies on food-derived antioxidants and presents an oxidative stress-related regulatory network in MAFLD, offering new ideas for MAFLD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenan Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanxun Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Jiang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Alawadi AA, Vijay A, Grove JI, Taylor MA, Aithal GP. The development of a food-group, tree classification method and its use in exploring dietary associations with metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other health-related outcomes in a UK population. Metabol Open 2025; 25:100351. [PMID: 39991490 PMCID: PMC11847284 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2025.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/26/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) affects up to one in five people in the UK, with persistent overeating and a sedentary lifestyle being significant risk factors. Exploring dietary patterns at a food level is a novel approach to understand associations between diet and disease. Methods This cross-sectional case-control study included 168 MASLD patients and 34 healthy controls from Nottingham (UK). Dietary data were collected using the EPIC-food frequency questionnaire. A food-group, tree classification method was developed which categorized 923 ingredients into three levels (main food group, sub-types, and cooking methods) and intakes were associated with clinical outcomes using logistic regression and degree of liver fibrosis using linear regression. Results Significant associations were found for red meat intake with MASLD (OR [CI]: 1.013 [1.001-1.025]) and fibrosis (Beta [SE]: +0.048 [0.013]); intakes of nuts (OR [CI]: 0.951 [0.905-0.999]); and fish (OR [CI]: 0.985 [0.971-0.999]) with MASLD; "Cereals and cereals products", "salt and gravy" and baked foods with fibrosis (Beta [SE]: +0.018 to +0.057 [0.005-0.23]); white and organ meat (Beta [SE]: -0.04 to -0.61 [0.015-0.249]); diet soda (OR [CI]: +0.01 [1-1.003]) and red meat intakes (OR [CI]:+0.002 [1.002-1.016]) with T2DM; wholegrain wheat, red meat, and semi-skimmed dairy intakes with hypercholesterolemia (ORs [CI]: -0.003 to -0.023 [1-1.043]); "herbs and spices" and wholegrain rice with hypercholesterolaemia (ORs [CI]: -0.08 to -0.98 [0.159-0.989); fresh herbs and boiled foods intakes with hypertension (ORs [CI]: -0.001 to -2.21 [0.013-1]). Conclusion The study introduces a new food-group, tree classification method to characterise UK diet data and identify risk factors for MASLD, potentially informing the development of culturally applicable dietary guidelines designed to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A. Alawadi
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Clinical Care Research and Trials Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462 Dasman, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Amrita Vijay
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Inflammation, Injury and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jane I. Grove
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Moira A. Taylor
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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11
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Podszun MC, Alawad AS, Lingala S, Morris N, Huang WCA, Rotman Y. Development of Subtle Iron Deficiency During Vitamin E Treatment For Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. J Diet Suppl 2025; 22:284-299. [PMID: 39960325 PMCID: PMC11851352 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2025.2465414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
Vitamin E is an effective treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) but associated with hemorrhagic complications when used for other indications. We aimed to determine the risk of developing iron deficiency during treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with vitamin E. Iron status was monitored prospectively in 20 people with MASLD treated with 200 - 800 IU/d vitamin E (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01792115). To gain mechanistic insights liver histology, hepatic gene expression, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal, haptoglobin genotype and plasma vitamin E levels were assessed. We found iron deficiency to occur in 11/20 subjects (55%) after a median 11 weeks (range 4-13) of vitamin E treatment, and anemia to occur in 6 of the 11 (30% of study population) after 23 weeks (16-36). Ferritin (84.5 ± 85.2 to 47.8 ± 54.9μg/L, p < 0.001) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV, 86.2 ± 4.9 to 84.3±4.3fL, p = 0.003) significantly decreased, with a concomitant rise in red-cell distribution width (RDW, 13.4 ± 1.3 to 14.4 ± 1.9%, p = 0.003). A gastrointestinal bleeding source was found in 75% of subjects with complete work-up. Iron deficiency occurred in all diabetics vs. 47% of non-diabetics (p 0.007). Iron deficiency risk was not associated with cirrhosis, platelet count, prothrombin time, haptoglobin genotype, or plasma vitamin E level. Changes in hepatic gene expression and oxidative stress were suggestive of an extrahepatic effect. Iron deficiency resolved with appropriate care even with continued vitamin E treatment. We conclude that occult gastrointestinal bleeding and iron deficiency were frequently observed during vitamin E treatment, possibly reflecting an effect on platelet function. Close monitoring is warranted during the first months of treatment, especially in diabetics and subjects with risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren C. Podszun
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad Samer Alawad
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shilpa Lingala
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nevitt Morris
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Chun A. Huang
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Zhang X, Ding Z, Yan Y, Yang W, Ai X, Zhou Y. The effect of healthy eating index-2015 in the associations of biological aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an interaction and mediation analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2025; 44:18. [PMID: 39856713 PMCID: PMC11761225 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-025-00755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study explored the association between biological aging (BA), healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population of the United States. METHODS We used data from the NHANES database between 2017-2018 years to conduct the study. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analysis were performed to analyze the association of BA and HEI-2015 with prevalence of NAFLD and the mediation effect of HEI-2015 was also discussed. Additionally, generalized additive model was conducted to investigate the association of BA and HEI-2015 with ZJU index, BARD score, and NAFLD fibrosis score. RESULTS There was a total of 2,421 individuals. RCS shown that BA was positively correlated with prevalence of NAFLD, while HEI-2015 was negative correlated with NAFLD risk. After adjusting for interfering factors, compared with the lowest quartiles of BA and HEI-2015, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for NAFLD across the quartiles were (1.24 (0.84, 1.84), 2.07 (1.15, 3.73) and 2.49 (1.16, 5.38)) and (0.89 (0.66, 1.18), 0.87 (0.65, 1.16) and 0.64 (0.46, 0.87)), respectively. The BA was linear positive with ZJU index, BARD score and NAFLD fibrosis score. However, the linear negative correlation existed between HEI-2015 and ZJU index, BARD score and NAFLD fibrosis score. Mediation analysis showed that the positive correlation between BA and NAFLD could be mediated and weakened by HEI-2015. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of NAFLD gradually increases with BA, but this positive association can be weakened by the healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijie Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214001, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214001, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214001, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Ai
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No.438 Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, 212008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yongping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214001, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214001, Jiangsu, China.
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Rajewski P, Cieściński J, Rajewski P, Suwała S, Rajewska A, Potasz M. Dietary Interventions and Physical Activity as Crucial Factors in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2025; 13:217. [PMID: 39857800 PMCID: PMC11760440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2024] [Revised: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and affects nearly 30% of the adult population and 10% of the pediatric population. It is estimated that this number will double by 2030. MASLD is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, and liver transplantation, as well as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Due to the ever-increasing number of patients, the long-term asymptomatic course of the disease, serious complications, and lack of preventive programs, as well as insufficient awareness of the disease among patients and doctors themselves, MASLD is a growing interdisciplinary problem and a real challenge for modern medicine. The main cause of MASLD is an inappropriate lifestyle-inadequate nutrition and insufficient physical activity, which lead to various components of metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle changes-appropriate diet, weight reduction, and systematic physical activity-are also the basis for the prevention and treatment of MASLD. Hence, in recent years, so much importance has been attached to lifestyle medicine, to non-pharmacological treatment as prevention of lifestyle diseases. The narrative review presents possible therapeutic options for non-pharmacological management in the prevention and treatment of MASLD. The best documented and available diets used in MASLD were discussed, focusing on the benefits and drawbacks of the Mediterranean, high-protein, ketogenic, and intermittent fasting diets. In addition, the most recent recommendations regarding physical activity are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Rajewski
- Department of Internal and Infectious Diseases, Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, 85-030 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences in Bydgoszcz, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Cieściński
- Department of Radiology, Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, 85-030 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rajewski
- Department of Neurology, Collegium Medicum—Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bygoszcz, Poland;
| | - Szymon Suwała
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Collegium Medicum—Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alicja Rajewska
- University Clinical Hospital, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (A.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Maciej Potasz
- University Clinical Hospital, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (A.R.); (M.P.)
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14
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Ando M, Lee-Okada HC, Yokomizo T. [Molecular Mechanisms by Which Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Suppress the Pathogenesis and Progression of NAFLD]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2025; 145:177-182. [PMID: 40024729 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.24-00177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of people suffering from lifestyle diseases such as hyperlipidemia and fatty liver disease has increased rapidly due to westernization of dietary patterns. Among fatty liver diseases, those that are not caused by alcohol are referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Some NAFLD can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and further progression of NAFLD can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), against NAFLD, the detailed mechanisms by which these PUFAs exert their protective effects on the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD are not well understood. Recent studies using knockout mouse models and genome-wide association studies have suggested a potential role for the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of PUFAs (FADS1, FADS2, ELOVL2, and ELOVL5) and their incorporation into phospholipids (LPCAT3/MBOAT5/LPLAT12 and LPIAT1/MBOAT7/LPLAT11) in the development of NAFLD. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the association of NAFLD and PUFAs with a focus on PUFA biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes to discuss the potential role of PUFAs in the prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Ando
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | | | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
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15
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Sattaru K, Thipani Madhu M, Kumar Singh J, Kandi V, Gupta A, Ca J, Balaji O, Sridhar N, Talla V. A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on the Gastrointestinal System. Cureus 2025; 17:e77845. [PMID: 39991373 PMCID: PMC11845257 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.77845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide epidemic, making it a major non-communicable disease of public health concern. DM is a chronic disease affecting various organs of the body, leading to increased morbidity and frequently causing patients to seek medical care. Patients with DM often suffer from gastrointestinal disturbances, indicating the involvement of the gastrointestinal system (GIS). Common effects on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) include esophageal dysmotility, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), glycogenic hepatopathy, gastroparesis, and enteropathy. Despite the high rates of GIT complications associated with diabetes, they are often under-recognized by physicians, leading to suboptimal treatment and a poor quality of life for patients. This article reviews the GIT manifestations of DM from the esophagus to the anal canal, including their pathophysiology and current management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushal Sattaru
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Mansi Thipani Madhu
- Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Janmejay Kumar Singh
- Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Aastha Gupta
- Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, IND
| | - Jayashankar Ca
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Ojas Balaji
- Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Nidhishri Sridhar
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Vennela Talla
- General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
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Guney-Coskun M, Basaranoglu M. Interplay of gut microbiota, glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists, and nutrition: New frontiers in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:4682-4688. [PMID: 39575401 PMCID: PMC11572635 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i43.4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Key metabolites, including lipopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and beneficial gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, are pivotal in this process. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) show promise in managing MASLD by promoting weight loss, enhancing insulin secretion, and improving liver health. They restore gut-liver axis functionality, and their effects are amplified through dietary modifications and gut microbiome-targeted therapies. Emerging research highlights the interplay between GLP-1 RAs and gut microbiota, indicating that the gut microbiome significantly influences therapeutic outcomes. Metabolites produced by gut bacteria, can stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, further improving metabolic health. Integrating dietary interventions with GLP-1 RA treatment may enhance liver health by modulating the gut microbiota-SCFAs-GLP-1 pathway. Future research is needed to understand personalized effects, with prebiotics and probiotics offering treatment avenues for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Guney-Coskun
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
| | - Metin Basaranoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Türkiye
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Lee GY, Lim JH, Joung H, Yoon D. Association Between Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Metabolic Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:3524. [PMID: 39458518 PMCID: PMC11510381 DOI: 10.3390/nu16203524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption on metabolic disorders (e.g., adiposity, metabolic associated steatotic liver disease [MASLD], and insulin resistance) in children and adolescents with obesity to improve dietary guidelines and public health strategies. METHODS The dietary intake of 149 participants (aged 8-17 years) was assessed with food diaries. The NOVA classification system was used to classify food according to the degree of processing. Metabolic outcomes, including the fat mass index (FMI), hepatic fat percentage, and insulin resistance, were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF), and biochemical analysis, respectively. RESULTS Greater UPF consumption from baseline to the 6-month follow-up was significantly associated with increased insulin and decreased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. UPF consumption was positively associated with the prevalence of MASLD (liver MRI-PDFF ≥ 5%; odds ratio T3 vs. T1 = 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03, 3.00), moderate-to-severe MASLD (liver MRI-PDFF ≥ 10%; OR T3 vs. T1 = 4.19; 95% CI 1.72, 10.22), and insulin resistance (OR T3 vs. T1 = 2.44; 95% CI 1.33, 4.48), after adjusting for covariates. A linear dose-response relationship was observed between UPF consumption and the odds of moderate-to-severe MASLD and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Greater UPF consumption was strongly associated with MASLD and insulin resistance in children and adolescents with obesity, underscoring the importance of reducing UPF consumption through dietary guidelines and public health interventions to mitigate the risk of obesity-related metabolic conditions in young populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-yoon Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea; (G.-y.L.); (J.H.L.)
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lim
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea; (G.-y.L.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dankyu Yoon
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea; (G.-y.L.); (J.H.L.)
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18
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Szudzik M, Hutsch T, Chabowski D, Zajdel M, Ufnal M. Normal caloric intake with high-fat diet induces metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and dyslipidemia without obesity in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22796. [PMID: 39354056 PMCID: PMC11445425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive caloric intake and obesity due to high-fat (HFD) and high-disaccharide (HDD) diets have been recognized as major contributing factors to dyslipidemia and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the effect of HFD and HDD without excessive caloric intake is obscure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of physiological caloric intake delivered through HFD and HDD on liver and lipid profiles. The study was performed on 6-week-old male and female (50/50%) Sprague Dawley rats, receiving either a standard (controls, n = 16), HFD (n = 14) or HDD (n = 14) chow. All groups received the same, standard daily calorie rations, titrated weekly to the age of growing rats, for 12 weeks. A panel of metabolic in vivo measurement were performed, followed by histological, biochemical and molecular biology assays on tissues harvested from sacrificed rats. There was no significant difference between the groups in body weight. In contrast to controls, HFD and HDD groups showed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, ballooning of hepatocytes and fibrosis. These changes were more pronounced in the HFD than in the HDD group. The HFD group showed significantly higher serum LDL than controls or HDD rats. Furthermore, the HFD group had higher liver protein levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) but lower plasma levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) than the controls or HDD group. There were no differences between sexes in evaluated parameters. The excessive caloric intake and obesity are not prerequisites for the development of MASH and dyslipidemia in rats. The liver changes induced by the HFD and HDD diets exhibit differences in severity, as well as in the expression patterns of LDLR and PCSK9. Notably, these effects are independent of the sex of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Szudzik
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Hutsch
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, Warsaw, Poland
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory ALAB bioscience, 22/30 Stępińska Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Chabowski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Zajdel
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c Street, Warsaw, Poland.
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Shakhshir M, Zyoud SH. Mapping global research trends: Nutrition associations with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - a Scopus bibliometric analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3106-3119. [PMID: 38983957 PMCID: PMC11230064 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i24.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several bibliometric analyses have been carried out to identify research hotspots and trends in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) research. Nonetheless, there are still significant knowledge gaps that must be filled to advance our understanding of and ability to treat NAFLD. AIM To evaluate, through bibliometric and visual analysis, the current status of related research, related research frontiers, and the developmental trends in the field of diet and NAFLD. METHODS We retrieved publications about diet and NAFLD published between 1987 and 2022 from Scopus. Next, we used VOSviewer 1.6.20 to perform bibliometric analysis and visualization. RESULTS We found a total of 1905 studies, including 1637 (85.93%) original articles and 195 (10.24%) reviews, focused on the examination of NAFLD and its correlation with diet that were published between 1987 and 2022. Among the remaining five types of documents, 38 were letters, notes, editorials, meeting minutes, or brief surveys, representing 1.99% of the total documents. The countries with the most publications on this topic were China (n = 539; 28.29%), followed by the United States (n = 379; 19.90%), Japan (n = 133; 6.98%), and South Korea (n = 127; 6.6%). According to the citation analysis, the retrieved papers were cited an average of 32.3 times and had an h-index of 106, with 61014 total citations. The two main clusters on the map included those related to: (1) Inflammation and oxidative stress; and (2) Dietary interventions for NAFLD. CONCLUSION This was the first study to use data taken from Scopus to visualize network mapping in a novel bibliometric analysis of studies focused on diet and NAFLD. After 2017, the two domains that received the most attention were "dietary interventions for NAFL"' and "'inflammation and oxidative stress implicated in NAFLD and its correlation with diet." We believe that this study provides important information for academics, dietitians, and doctors, and that additional research on dietary interventions and NAFLD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Shakhshir
- Department of Nutrition, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Sa'ed H Zyoud
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Poison Control and Drug Information Center, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Clinical Research Center, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
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20
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Castelnuovo G, Perez-Diaz-del-Campo N, Rosso C, Armandi A, Caviglia GP, Bugianesi E. A Healthful Plant-Based Diet as an Alternative Dietary Approach in the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:2027. [PMID: 38999775 PMCID: PMC11243448 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets (PBDs) are gaining attention as a sustainable and health-conscious alternative for managing various chronic conditions, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In the absence of pharmacological treatments, exploring the potential of lifestyle modifications to improve biochemical and pathological outcomes becomes crucial. The adoption of PBDs has demonstrated beneficial effects such as weight control, increased metabolic health and improved coexisting diseases. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including adherence difficulties, ensuring nutritional adequacy, and addressing potential deficiencies. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of PBDs on MASLD, emphasizing the need for tailored dietary interventions with professional support to optimize their effectiveness in preventing and treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Castelnuovo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.-D.-d.-C.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Nuria Perez-Diaz-del-Campo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.-D.-d.-C.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.-D.-d.-C.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.-D.-d.-C.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.-D.-d.-C.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.-D.-d.-C.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.P.C.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza—Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
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21
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Fallah A, Abdolazimi H, Darabi Z, Talenezhad N, Mirzavandi F, Rahimpour S, Hosseinzadeh M. The association between score of plant-based diet and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:407-412. [PMID: 38777462 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diet (PDI) as resource of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals, that was considered to protect against onset and development of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM To investigate the association between plant-based diet and NAFLD in adults. METHODS The present case control study was conducted on 240 individuals (120 with NAFLD and 120 control) aged 20-69 years. Provided recommendations by the American College of Gastroenterology and the American Gastroenterological Association were used for NAFLD diagnosis. Dietary intake was assessed using 178-food item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Also, plant-based diet score was evaluated based on 18 food groups classified into animal foods, healthy and unhealthy plant foods. A multiple logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between fatty liver disease and tertiles of PDI. RESULTS The results of this study showed that we did not observe any association between tertiles of PDI and NAFLD in crude model (OR: 1.29, 95%CI:0.66-2.52, P:0.44) and after adjustment for confounders including age, energy intake, physical activity, body mass index (OR:0.76, 95%CI: 0.31-1.86, P:0.52). Also, there were not any association of tertiles of healthy PDI (hPDI) (OR:1.14, 95%CI: 0.50-2.60, P:0.74) and unhealthy PDI (uhPDI) (OR:0.89, 95%CI:0.36-2.18, P: 0.79) with NAFLD after full adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION There was not any association of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI with NAFLD in adults. More research needs to examine whether this specific diet may impact and improve NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Fallah
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdolazimi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Darabi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Nasir Talenezhad
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farhang Mirzavandi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shahab Rahimpour
- Gastroentrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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22
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Chen X, Fu L, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Exploring the association between dietary fiber intake and hepatic steatosis: insights from NHANES. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:160. [PMID: 38730369 PMCID: PMC11088015 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The link between dietary fiber intake and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is under exploration, yielding inconsistent findings. Considering the limitations of previous research and the significance of dietary fiber in hepatic steatosis, this study investigates the association between dietary fiber intake and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) among 5935 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). MATERIALS AND METHODS Multivariable regression was used to evaluate the association between dietary fiber intake and CAP. Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis techniques were applied to illustrate non-linear relationships. RESULTS After adjusting for other variables, a negative correlation emerged between dietary fiber intake and CAP. Subgroup analysis by gender and race/ethnicity revealed a sustained negative association between dietary fiber intake and CAP among females and Whites. Additionally, an inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between dietary fiber intake and CAP among women and other race, with inflection points at 13.80 g/day and 33.45 g/day, respectively. CONCLUSION Our research indicates that in the majority of Americans, there is an inverse relationship between dietary fiber intake and hepatic steatosis. This relationship exhibits an inverted U-shaped curve in women and other race, with a threshold effect. The findings of this study hold potential significance for clinical nutrition interventions, personalized dietary guidance, and advancing research into the diet-disease mechanism relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China
| | - Liying Fu
- Voluntary Blood Donation Service Center of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- Department of General Practice, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, No. 199 South Shixin Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China.
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23
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Vidal-Cevallos P, Sorroza-Martínez AP, Chávez-Tapia NC, Uribe M, Montalvo-Javé EE, Nuño-Lámbarri N. The Relationship between Pathogenesis and Possible Treatments for the MASLD-Cirrhosis Spectrum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4397. [PMID: 38673981 PMCID: PMC11050641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a term that entails a broad spectrum of conditions that vary in severity. Its development is influenced by multiple factors such as environment, microbiome, comorbidities, and genetic factors. MASLD is closely related to metabolic syndrome as it is caused by an alteration in the metabolism of fatty acids due to the accumulation of lipids because of an imbalance between its absorption and elimination in the liver. Its progression to fibrosis is due to a constant flow of fatty acids through the mitochondria and the inability of the liver to slow down this metabolic load, which generates oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, triggering cell death. The development and progression of MASLD are closely related to unhealthy lifestyle habits, and nutritional epigenetic and genetic mechanisms have also been implicated. Currently, lifestyle modification is the first-line treatment for MASLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; weight loss of ≥10% produces resolution of steatohepatitis and fibrosis regression. In many patients, body weight reduction cannot be achieved; therefore, pharmacological treatment should be offered in particular populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Vidal-Cevallos
- Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (P.V.-C.); (N.C.C.-T.); (M.U.); (E.E.M.-J.)
| | | | - Norberto C. Chávez-Tapia
- Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (P.V.-C.); (N.C.C.-T.); (M.U.); (E.E.M.-J.)
- Translational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico;
| | - Misael Uribe
- Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (P.V.-C.); (N.C.C.-T.); (M.U.); (E.E.M.-J.)
| | - Eduardo E. Montalvo-Javé
- Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (P.V.-C.); (N.C.C.-T.); (M.U.); (E.E.M.-J.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04360, Mexico
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Clinic, Department of Surgery, Hospital General de Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Natalia Nuño-Lámbarri
- Translational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico;
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04360, Mexico
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24
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Hwang SJ, Choi YJ, Wang JH, Son CG. Lactobacillus Casei-fermented Amomum Xanthioides Mitigates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a high-fat diet mice model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116250. [PMID: 38320334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a substantial global health issue owing to its high prevalence and the lack of effective therapies. Fermentation of medicinal herbs has always been considered a feasible strategy for enhancing efficacy in treating various ailments. This study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of the Lactobacillus casei-fermented Amomum xanthioides (LAX) on NAFLD in a high-fat diet model. HFD-fed C57BL6/j mice were administered with 200 mg/kg of LAX or unfermented Amomum xanthioides (AX) or 100 mg/kg of metformin for 6 weeks from the 4th week. The 10-week HFD-induced alterations of hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic inflammation were significantly attenuated by LAX dominantly (more than AX or metformin), which evidenced by pathohistological findings, lipid contents, inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)- 6 and IL-1β, oxidative parameters such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and molecular changes reversely between lipogenic proteins such as glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)- 1, and lipolytic proteins including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-α) and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)-α in the liver tissues. In addition, the abnormal serum lipid parameters (triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) notably ameliorated by LAX. In conclusion, these findings support the potential of LAX as a promising plant-derived remedy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Hwang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea; Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Choi
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Se-Myung University, Semyeong-ro 65, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 27136, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea; Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea; Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, the Republic of Korea.
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25
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Chooi YC, Zhang QA, Magkos F, Ng M, Michael N, Wu X, Volchanskaya VSB, Lai X, Wanjaya ER, Elejalde U, Goh CC, Yap CPL, Wong LH, Lim KJ, Velan SS, Yaligar J, Muthiah MD, Chong YS, Loo EXL, Eriksson JG. Effect of an Asian-adapted Mediterranean diet and pentadecanoic acid on fatty liver disease: the TANGO randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:788-799. [PMID: 38035997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss is the most effective treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is evidence that the Mediterranean diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids and fiber have beneficial effects on weight homeostasis and metabolic risk factors in individuals with NAFLD. Studies have also shown that higher circulating concentrations of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) are associated with a lower risk for NAFLD. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a Mediterranean-like, culturally contextualized Asian diet rich in fiber and unsaturated fatty acids, with or without C15:0 supplementation, in Chinese females with NAFLD. METHODS In a double-blinded, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial, 88 Chinese females with NAFLD were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups for 12 wk: diet with C15:0 supplementation (n = 31), diet without C15:0 supplementation (n = 28), or control (habitual diet and no C15:0 supplementation, n = 29). At baseline and after the intervention, body fat percentage, intrahepatic lipid content, muscle and abdominal fat, liver enzymes, cardiometabolic risk factors, and gut microbiome were assessed. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat analysis, weight reductions of 4.0 ± 0.5 kg (5.3%), 3.4 ± 0.5 kg (4.5%), and 1.5 ± 0.5 kg (2.1%) were achieved in the diet-with-C15:0, diet without-C15:0, and the control groups, respectively. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the liver decreased by 33%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. Both diet groups achieved significantly greater reductions in body weight, liver PDFF, total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and triglyceride concentrations compared with the control group. C15:0 supplementation reduced LDL-cholesterol further, and increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (deep and superficial), insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and blood pressure decreased significantly in all groups, in parallel with weight loss. CONCLUSION Mild weight loss induced by a Mediterranean-like diet adapted for Asians has multiple beneficial health effects in females with NAFLD. C15:0 supplementation lowers LDL-cholesterol and may cause beneficial shifts in the gut microbiome. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial was registered at the clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05259475.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chung Chooi
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Qinze Arthur Zhang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maisie Ng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | | | - Xianning Lai
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Elvy Riani Wanjaya
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Untzizu Elejalde
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Chew Chan Goh
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Clara Poh Lian Yap
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Long Hui Wong
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore.
| | - Kevin Junliang Lim
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Mark Dhinesh Muthiah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Paediatrics and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Sadafi S, Azizi A, Rezaeian S, Pasdar Y. Association between healthy beverage index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Ravansar noncommunicable disease cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3622. [PMID: 38351106 PMCID: PMC10864402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of drinks affects the functioning of the liver. In recent decades, the variety of high-calorie and sweet drinks has increased. The objective of this study was to explore the association between Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among adults. We included 6,276 participants aged 35 to 65 from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study at baseline. NAFLD is defined based on the fatty liver index (FLI), calculated using anthropometric measurements and non-invasive markers. The HBI was developed using a combination of water, low-fat milk, 100% fruit juice, sugar-sweetened beverages, met fluid requirement and % energy from beverages. Logistic and linear regression models were employed to investigate the associations of the HBI and high FLI. The average FLI was significantly lower in the first tertile of HBI compared to the third tertile (47.83 vs. 45.77; P = 0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds of high FLI decreased by 28% (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63, 0.82) in the second tertile of HBI and by 21% in the third tertile (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70, 0.91). There was no correlation between gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels with HBI. The study findings indicate an inverse association between high FLI and HBI. Therefore, it is recommended to consume healthy beverages and without added sugar. However, additional longitudinal studies are required to examine the association between beverage consumption and the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Sadafi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Azizi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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27
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Tatoli R, Bonfiglio C, Cuccaro F, Campanella A, Coletta S, Pesole PL, Giannelli G, Donghia R. Effects of Egg Consumption on Subjects with SLD or Hypertension: A MICOL Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:430. [PMID: 38337714 PMCID: PMC10856908 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is defined as a fat accumulation in more than 5% of hepatocytes; it can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), associated with an increased state of inflammation. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of eating eggs and any association with SLD and hypertension (HTN). METHODS The study cohort included 908 participants assessed in the fourth recall of the MICOL study, grouped into four groups, based on NALFD and/or HTN. RESULTS The prevalence of HTN and SLD among participants was 31.61%. Overall, the results indicated a statistical significance of egg consumption, showing a protective role against the two disease conditions, in both the raw and adjusted models (RRR = 0.34, p = 0.009, 0.15 to 0.76 95% C.I.). CONCLUSIONS Many differences were found among the groups, and the protective role of eating eggs was amply demonstrated. We can conclude that it is unwise to demonize the intake of this food and its nutritional properties, in contrast with previous reports in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Tatoli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Angelo Campanella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Sergio Coletta
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (R.T.); (C.B.); (A.C.); (S.C.); (P.L.P.); (G.G.)
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Tiniakos DG, Anstee QM, Brunt EM, Burt AD. Fatty Liver Disease. MACSWEEN'S PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER 2024:330-401. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-8228-3.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Garousi N, Tamizifar B, Pourmasoumi M, Feizi A, Askari G, Clark CCT, Entezari MH. Effects of lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet vs. standard-weight-loss diet on obese and overweight adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised clinical trial. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:975-983. [PMID: 33689525 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1890128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (LOV-D) vs. a standard weight-loss diet (SWL-D) on obese/overweight adults with NAFLD. Present randomised clinical trial recruited 75 overweight/obese adults with NAFLD, who were randomly assigned into LOV-D and SWL-D groups for 3 months. The LOV-D was designed based on eliminating meat, poultry, and fish; while including dairy products and eggs. The SWL-D was planned according to the standard food pyramid, which was free in all sources of food. Adherence to LOV-D significantly outperformed SWL-D in reducing levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), body weight, waist circumference, BMI, fasting blood sugar, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Furthermore, ultrasonography revealed a higher alleviation in NAFLD grade among LOV-D, compared with SWL-D. This study suggests that adherence to LOV-D for 3 months has beneficial effects on NAFLD improvement, anthropometric measures, glycaemic-related markers, and lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Garousi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Tamizifar
- Gastroenterlogy and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Makan Pourmasoumi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Mohammad Hasan Entezari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Yang H, Zhang T, Song W, Peng Z, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Tang M, Yang W. Dietary inflammatory potential is associated with higher odds of hepatic steatosis in US adults: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2936-2944. [PMID: 37807893 PMCID: PMC10755422 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of chronic liver diseases, and diet can modulate inflammation. Whether an inflammatory dietary pattern is associated with higher risk of hepatic steatosis or fibrosis remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between inflammatory dietary pattern and the odds of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. DESIGN In this nationwide cross-sectional study, diet was measured using two 24-h dietary recalls. Empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score was derived to assess the inflammatory potential of usual diet, which has been validated to highly predict inflammation markers in the study population. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were derived from FibroScan to define steatosis and fibrosis, respectively. SETTING US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS 4171 participants aged ≥18 years. RESULTS A total of 1436 participants were diagnosed with S1 steatosis (CAP ≥ 274 dB/m), 255 with advanced fibrosis (LSM ≥ 9·7 kPa). Compared with those in the lowest tertile of EDIP-adherence scores, participants in the highest tertile had 74 % higher odds of steatosis (OR: 1·74, 95 % CI (1·26, 2·41)). Such positive association persisted among never drinkers, or participants who were free of hepatitis B and/or C. Similarly, EDIP was positively associated with CAP in multivariate linear model (P < 0·001). We found a non-significant association of EDIP score with advanced fibrosis or LSM (P = 0·837). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a diet score that is associated with inflammatory markers is associated with hepatic steatosis. Reducing or avoiding pro-inflammatory diets intake might be an attractive strategy for fatty liver disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohong Peng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiude Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui230032, People’s Republic of China
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Naghizadeh MM, Osati S, Homayounfar R, Masoudi-Nejad A. Food co-consumption network as a new approach to dietary pattern in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20703. [PMID: 38001137 PMCID: PMC10673913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns strongly correlate with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in developed societies. In this study, we introduce a new definition, the co-consumption network (CCN), which depicts the common consumption patterns of food groups through network analysis. We then examine the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD by analyzing this network. We selected 1500 individuals living in Tehran, Iran, cross-sectionally. They completed a food frequency questionnaire and underwent scanning via the FibroScan for liver stiffness, using the CAP score. The food items were categorized into 40 food groups. We reconstructed the CCN using the Spearman correlation-based connection. We then created healthy and unhealthy clusters using the label propagation algorithm. Participants were assigned to two clusters using the hypergeometric distribution. Finally, we classified participants into two healthy NAFLD networks, and reconstructed the gender and disease differential CCNs. We found that the sweet food group was the hub of the proposed CCN, with the largest cliques of size 5 associated with the unhealthy cluster. The unhealthy module members had a significantly higher CAP score (253.7 ± 47.8) compared to the healthy module members (218.0 ± 46.4) (P < 0.001). The disease differential CCN showed that in the case of NAFLD, processed meat had been co-consumed with mayonnaise and soft drinks, in contrast to the healthy participants, who had co-consumed fruits with green leafy and yellow vegetables. The CCN is a powerful method for presenting food groups, their consumption quantity, and their interactions efficiently. Moreover, it facilitates the examination of the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saeed Osati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen S, Pang J, Huang R, You Y, Zhang H, Xue H, Chen X. Associations of Macronutrients Intake With MRI-determined Hepatic Fat Content, Hepatic Fibroinflammation, and NAFLD. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1660-e1669. [PMID: 37290038 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A healthy lifestyle is the cornerstone of management in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the associations between dietary macronutrient composition and different aspects of NAFLD pathology are unclear and dietary recommendations for NAFLD are lacking. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary macronutrient composition with hepatic steatosis, hepatic fibroinflammation, and NAFLD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 12 620 UK Biobank participants who completed both the dietary questionnaire and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were included in this study. Dietary consumption of macronutrient was self-reported and calculated. MRI-determined hepatic fat content, fibroinflammation, and NAFLD were estimated. RESULTS First, we found that saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was associated with higher hepatic steatosis, fibroinflammation, and NAFLD prevalence. In contrast, higher fiber or protein intake was reversely correlated with hepatic steatosis and fibroinflammation. Interestingly, starch or sugar intake was significantly associated with hepatic fibroinflammation, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake was negatively correlated with hepatic fibroinflammation. Isocaloric analysis revealed that replacing SFA with sugar, fiber, or protein was significantly associated with a reduction in hepatic steatosis, while replacing starch, sugar, or SFA with protein or MUFA was significantly correlated with a decrease in hepatic fibroinflammation. CONCLUSION Overall, our results demonstrate that specific macronutrients are associated with different aspects of NAFLD, and specific dietary compositions should be recommended for distinct NAFLD-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Huang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongliang Xue
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
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Song K, Yang J, Lee HS, Oh JS, Kim S, Lee M, Suh J, Kwon A, Kim HS, Chae HW. Parental metabolic syndrome and elevated liver transaminases are risk factors for offspring, even in children and adolescents with a normal body mass index. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1166244. [PMID: 37941769 PMCID: PMC10627857 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1166244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The parent-child correlation in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated transaminases is sparsely researched. We assessed the correlation of parental MetS and elevated transaminase status with these conditions in their children. Methods Data of 4,167 youths aged 10-18 years were analyzed in a population-based survey, and the parental characteristics were stratified by the presence or absence of MetS or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in their children. The prevalence of these conditions in children was analyzed according to their parents' status. Logistic regression analyses were performed with MetS and ALT elevation in youth as the dependent variables. Results The proportions of MetS and ALT elevation were higher in parents of children with MetS and ALT elevation than in those without, even among youths without obesity. In logistic regression analyses, age, body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), and ALT elevation were positively associated with MetS, whereas age, male sex, BMI-SDS, protein intake, and MetS were positively associated with ALT elevation. Higher protein intake was related to ALT elevation, whereas metabolic components and nutritional factors were closely related in parents and their children. Odds ratios (OR) of ALT elevation for MetS was 8.96 even after adjusting nutritional factors in the children. The OR was higher for ALT elevation in the children of parents with MetS and ALT elevation compared to those without. ORs for MetS and ALT elevation in the children of parents with MetS were higher than those of children of parents without MetS, even after adjusting for nutritional intake. ORs for ALT elevation were higher in the children of parents with ALT elevation than those without, even after adjusting for nutritional intake and BMI of parents as well as the nutritional intake, age, sex, and BMI-SDS of the children. Conclusion MetS and elevated liver transaminase statuses in children were associated with those of their parents even after adjusting for nutritional factors, and the relationships were more prominent in the youth without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Yang
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Suk Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongseob Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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A Chagas L, Torloni MR, Sanchez VHS, Pititto BA, Dualib PM, Mattar R. Dietary intake of pregnant women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:630-636. [PMID: 37739716 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Findings on the role of diet in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis are inconsistent. There are few studies on the dietary habits of pregnant women with NAFLD. Our primary aim was to compare the dietary intakes of pregnant women with and without NAFLD. METHODS This case-control study recruited 60 women (26-34 weeks' gestation) with recently diagnosed gestational diabetes (GDM) before any treatment was implemented. At recruitment, all participants underwent B-mode hepatic ultrasound. We included 30 women with sonographic NAFLD (cases) and 30 women without NAFLD (controls) matched for age, skin color, and pre-pregnancy body mass index. We assessed participants' dietary intakes in the last six months using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Mann-Whitney´s test was used to compare differences in median macro and micronutrient intakes between cases and controls. RESULTS Total median daily energy (1965.1 × 1949.2 calories) and lipid (25.1% × 28.3%) intakes were similar in women with and without NAFLD and fell within recommended ranges. Participants with NAFLD reported significantly higher median daily intakes of carbohydrates (59.4% × 53.1% p = 0.003), and significantly lower protein (15.6% × 17.0% p = 0.005), fiber (10.7 × 13.3 g/day p = 0.010), and vitamin C (151.8 × 192.6 mg/day p = 0.008) intakes than those without NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women with NAFLD ingest more carbohydrates and less protein, fiber, and vitamin C than those without NAFLD. Our findings contribute to understanding the role of diet in the development of NAFLD in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Chagas
- Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 875, São Paulo - SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Maria R Torloni
- Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 875, São Paulo - SP, 04024-002, Brazil; Evidence Based Health Care Post-Graduate Program, Department of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu 740, 3º andar, São Paulo - SP, 04023-900, Brazil.
| | - Victor H S Sanchez
- Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 875, São Paulo - SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Bianca A Pititto
- Department of Endocrinology, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Borges de Lagoa, 800, São Paulo - SP, 04038-001, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M Dualib
- Department of Endocrinology, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Borges de Lagoa, 800, São Paulo - SP, 04038-001, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 875, São Paulo - SP, 04024-002, Brazil
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Huang XH, Peng HW, Huang JR, Yu R, Hu ZJ, Peng XE. Association of food intake with a risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2023; 11:goad054. [PMID: 37705510 PMCID: PMC10495696 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common liver disease, the risk of which can be increased by poor diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between food items and MAFLD, and to propose reasonable dietary recommendations for the prevention of MAFLD. Methods Physical examination data were collected from April 2015 through August 2017 at Nanping First Hospital (n = 3,563). Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between food intake and the risk of MAFLD was assessed by using the inverse probability weighted propensity score. Results Beverages (soft drinks and sugar-sweetened beverages) and instant noodles were positively associated with MAFLD risk, adjusting for smoking, drinking, tea intake, and weekly hours of physical activity [adjusted odds ratio (ORadjusted): 1.568; P = 0.044; ORadjusted: 4.363; P = 0.001]. Milk, tubers, and vegetables were negatively associated with MAFLD risk (ORadjusted: 0.912; P = 0.002; ORadjusted: 0.633; P = 0.007; ORadjusted: 0.962; P = 0.028). In subgroup analysis, the results showed that women [odds ratio (OR): 0.341, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.172-0.676] had a significantly lower risk of MAFLD through consuming more tubers than men (OR: 0.732, 95% CI: 0.564-0.951). Conclusions These findings suggest that reducing consumption of beverages (soft drinks and sugar-sweetened beverages) and instant noodles, and consuming more milk, vegetables, and tubers may reduce the risk of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Hua Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - He-Wei Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Ru Huang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xian-E Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
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Cho AR, Kwon YJ, Lee JH. Oxidative balance score is inversely associated with the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1292-1300. [PMID: 37352819 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The contribution of the balance between overall oxidative stress and antioxidant status in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. The oxidative balance score (OBS) comprises dietary and lifestyle pro- and antioxidant components that indicate the overall oxidative stress burden. We investigated the association between OBS and the incidence of NAFLD in middle-aged and older Korean adults. METHODS Among the 10,030 participants of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_Ansan and Ansung cohort, 5065 without NAFLD at baseline were selected for secondary analysis. OBS was categorized into quartiles. Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for NAFLD incidence by sex-specific OBS quartile groups after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS During the follow-up period (median 13.4 years), 913 (43.2%) men and 1288 (43.9%) women were newly diagnosed with NAFLD. Compared with that of the lowest quartile (Q1) group, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for NAFLD incidence in Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups was 0.85 (0.71-1.00), 0.65 (0.54-0.78), and 0.50 (0.40-0.62) in men, and 0.85 (0.73-0.99), 0.66 (0.56-0.77), and 0.48 (0.40-0.59) in women, respectively, and for NAFLD incidence, per incremental change in OBS, was 0.90 (0.87-0.92) in men and 0.88 (0.86-0.90) in women. CONCLUSIONS A higher OBS was significantly associated with a lower risk for NAFLD incidence. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and an antioxidant-rich diet is a potentially viable strategy for preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Ra Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Properzi C, Adams LA, Lo J, Sherriff JL, Jeffrey GP, O'Sullivan TA. Higher Overall Intakes Are the Defining Feature of Dietary Intakes in NAFLD and Compared to the General Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:2669. [PMID: 37375573 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the dietary intakes of Australian patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to general Australian population intake data and determine whether the intake of any nutrient or food group was able to predict the degree of steatosis. Dietary data from fifty adult patients with NAFLD were compared to intake data from the Australian Health Survey for energy, macronutrients, fat sub-types, alcohol, iron, folate, sugar, fibre, sodium and caffeine. Linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, physical activity and body mass index) were used to examine predictive relationships between hepatic steatosis (quantified via magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and dietary components. The mean percentage differences between NAFLD and Australian usual intakes were significant for energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats (all p < 0.001). The contribution of fat and protein to total energy intake was significantly higher in the NAFLD cohort (p < 0.05). No individual nutrients or food groups were strongly related to hepatic fat in the adjusted models. Higher overall consumption appears to be a major feature of dietary intake in NAFLD when compared to the general population. A whole-diet approach to NAFLD treatment and prevention is likely to be more effective than focusing on single food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Properzi
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Leon A Adams
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Johnny Lo
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Jill L Sherriff
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Gary P Jeffrey
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Therese A O'Sullivan
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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Jahromi MK, Daftari G, Farhadnejad H, Tehrani AN, Teymoori F, Salehi-Sahlabadi A, Mirmiran P. The association of healthy lifestyle score and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:973. [PMID: 37237334 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combined role of important environmental factors as a single lifestyle index in predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk is not fully assessed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of healthy lifestyle factor score (HLS) with the odds of NAFLD in Iranian adults. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 675 participants, aged ≥ 20-60 years, including 225 new NAFLD cases and 450 controls. We measured dietary intake information using a validated food frequency questionnaire and determined diet quality based on the alternate healthy eating index-2010(AHEI-2010). The score of HLS was calculated based on four lifestyle factors, including a healthy diet, normal body weight, non-smoking, and high physical activity. An ultrasound scan of the liver was used to detect NAFLD in participants of the case group. Logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence interval(CI) of NAFLD across tertiles of HLS and AHEI. RESULTS Mean ± SD age of the participants were 38.13 ± 8.85 years. The Mean ± SD HLS in the case and control groups was 1.55 ± 0.67 and 2.53 ± 0.87, respectively. Also, the Mean ± SD AHEI in the case and control groups was 48.8 ± 7.7 and 54.1 ± 8.1, respectively. Based on the age and sex-adjusted model, the odds of NAFLD were decreased across tertiles of AHEI (OR:0.18;95%CI:0.16-0.29,Ptrend<0.001) and HLS(OR:0.03;95%CI:0.01-0.05,Ptrend<0.001). Also, in the multivariable model, the odds of NAFLD were decreased across tertiles AHEI (OR:0.12;95%CI:0.06-0.24,Ptrend<0.001) and HLS(OR:0.02;95%CI:0.01-0.04,Ptrend<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reported that higher adherence to lifestyle with a higher score of HLS was associated with decreased odds of NAFLD. Also, a diet with a high AHEI score can reduce the risk of NAFLD in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ghazal Daftari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asal Neshatbini Tehrani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Simon E, Motyka M, Prins GH, Li M, Rust W, Kauschke S, Viollet C, Olinga P, Oldenburger A. Transcriptomic profiling of induced steatosis in human and mouse precision-cut liver slices. Sci Data 2023; 10:304. [PMID: 37208356 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a high need for predictive human ex vivo models for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). About a decade ago, precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) have been established as an ex vivo assay for humans and other organisms. In the present study, we use transcriptomics by RNASeq to profile a new human and mouse PCLSs based assay for steatosis in NAFLD. Steatosis as quantified by an increase of triglycerides after 48 h in culture, is induced by incremental supplementation of sugars (glucose and fructose), insulin, and fatty acids (palmitate, oleate). We mirrored the experimental design for human vs. mouse liver organ derived PCLSs and profiled each organ at eight different nutrient conditions after 24 h and 48 h time in culture. Thus, the provided data allows a comprehensive analysis of the donor, species, time, and nutrient factor specific regulation of gene expression in steatosis, despite the heterogeneity of the human tissue samples. Exemplified this is demonstrated by ranking homologous gene pairs by convergent or divergent expression pattern across nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Simon
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Science, Research Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Biberach, Germany.
| | | | - Grietje H Prins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, A, Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, A, Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner Rust
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Science, Research Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Stefan Kauschke
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Coralie Viollet
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Science, Research Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, A, Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Oldenburger
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Biberach, Germany
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40
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Semmler G, Datz C, Trauner M. Eating, diet, and nutrition for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S244-S260. [PMID: 36517001 PMCID: PMC10029946 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and dietary interventions are a central component in the pathophysiology, but also a cornerstone in the management of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Summarizing our rapidly advancing understanding of how our diet influences our metabolism and focusing on specific effects on the liver, we provide a comprehensive overview of dietary concepts to counteract the increasing burden of NAFLD. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of dietary calorie restriction independently of the macronutrient composition together with adherence to a Mediterranean diet low in added fructose and processed meat that seems to exert favorable effects beyond calorie restriction. Also, we discuss intermittent fasting as a type of diet specifically tailored to decrease liver fat content and increase ketogenesis, awaiting future study results in NAFLD. Finally, personalized dietary recommendations could be powerful tools to increase the effectiveness of dietary interventions in patients with NAFLD considering the genetic background and the microbiome, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Semmler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tang Y, Fan R, Lan Z, Xie Q, Zhang J, Liang X, Wang H, Tan D, Cheng J, Chen S, Ning Q, Bai X, Xu M, Chen X, Niu J, Shi J, Ren H, Gao Z, Wang M, Dou X, Hou J, Sun J. Impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease status change on antiviral efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogues in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28501. [PMID: 36655747 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Data on the dynamic changes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) during antiviral therapy are scarce. We aimed to investigate the evolution of NAFLD status change in CHB patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and its influence on therapeutic outcomes. This retrospective study included 164 HBeAg-positive CHB patients from a randomized controlled trial who were treated with NAs for 104 weeks and underwent paired liver biopsies. Histological evaluation was performed at baseline and Week 104. The patients were divided into four groups according to NAFLD status changes. From baseline to Week 104, the overall percentage of CHB patients with concurrent NAFLD increased from 17.1% to 26.2% (p = 0.044). Among them, 7 of 28 patients (25.0%) with NAFLD at baseline showed NAFLD remission at week 104, while 22 of 136 patients (16.2%) without NAFLD at baseline developed new-onset NAFLD. In subgroup analyses, the new-onset and sustained NAFLD groups showed significantly lower rates of biochemical response at week 104 as compared to the sustained non-NAFLD group (77.3% and 57.1% vs. 93.9%, respectively; all p < 0.05), as well as fibrosis improvement (31.8% and 42.9% vs. 69.3%, respectively; all p < 0.05). NAFLD status changes did not influence the virological response, HBeAg seroconversion, and necroinflammation improvement (all p > 0.05). In HBeAg-positive CHB patients receiving NAs therapy, new-onset and sustained NAFLD may counteract the benefits of antiviral therapy, reducing the rate of biochemical response and fibrosis improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Zhang
- Pathology Department of Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xieer Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hepatology Unit, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Ji'nan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefan Bai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Xu
- 8th People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maorong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 81st PLA Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Understanding NAFLD: From Case Identification to Interventions, Outcomes, and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030687. [PMID: 36771394 PMCID: PMC9921401 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and frequent cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, it is also strongly associated with cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality, likely driven by its associations with insulin resistance and other manifestations of metabolic dysregulation. However, few satisfactory pharmacological treatments are available for NAFLD due in part to its complex pathophysiology, and challenges remain in stratifying individual patient's risk for liver and cardiovascular disease related outcomes. In this review, we describe the development and progression of NAFLD, including its pathophysiology and outcomes. We also describe different tools for identifying patients with NAFLD who are most at risk of liver-related and cardiovascular-related complications, as well as current and emerging treatment options, and future directions for research.
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Öngel ME, Yildiz C, Başer Ö, Yilmaz B, Özilgen M. Thermodynamic Assessment of the Effects of Intermittent Fasting and Fatty Liver Disease Diets on Longevity. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:227. [PMID: 36832594 PMCID: PMC9955784 DOI: 10.3390/e25020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organisms uptake energy from their diet and maintain a highly organized structure by importing energy and exporting entropy. A fraction of the generated entropy is accumulated in their bodies, thus causing ageing. Hayflick's entropic age concept suggests that the lifespan of organisms is determined by the amount of entropy they generate. Organisms die after reaching their lifespan entropy generation limit. On the basis of the lifespan entropy generation concept, this study suggests that an intermittent fasting diet, which means skipping some meals without increasing the calories uptake in the other courses, may increase longevity. More than 1.32 million people died in 2017 because of chronic liver diseases, and a quarter of the world's population has non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There are no specific dietary guidelines available for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases but shifting to a healthier diet is recommended as the primary treatment. A healthy obese person may generate 119.9 kJ/kg K per year of entropy and generate a total of 4796 kJ/kg K entropy in the first 40 years of life. If obese persons continue to consume the same diet, they may have 94 years of life expectancy. After age 40, Child-Pugh Score A, B, and C NAFLD patients may generate 126.2, 149.9, and 272.5 kJ/kg K year of entropy and have 92, 84, and 64 years of life expectancy, respectively. If they were to make a major recommended shift in their diet, the life expectancy of Child-Pugh Score A, B, and C patients may increase by 29, 32, and 43 years, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Ece Öngel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Cennet Yildiz
- Department of Food Engineering, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Özge Başer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özilgen
- Department of Food Engineering, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
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Yang Z, Tian R, Zhang XJ, Cai J, She ZG, Li H. Effects of treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1120085. [PMID: 36712249 PMCID: PMC9877359 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1120085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have become the most common chronic liver disease and the main form of heart failure (HF), respectively. NAFLD is closely associated with HFpEF by sharing common risk factors and/or by boosting systemic inflammation, releasing other secretory factors, and having an expansion of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). Therefore, the treatments of NAFLD may also affect the development and prognosis of HFpEF. However, no specific drugs for NAFLD have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and some non-specific treatments for NAFLD are applied in the clinic. Currently, the treatments of NAFLD can be divided into non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Non-pharmacological treatments mainly include dietary intervention, weight loss by exercise, caloric restriction, and bariatric surgery. Pharmacological treatments mainly include administering statins, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and metformin. This review will mainly focus on analyzing how these treatments may affect the development and prognosis of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruifeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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45
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Pan Y, Zhang X. Diet Modulates Gut Microbiome and Metabolites in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases. MICROBIOME IN GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER 2023:131-146. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-4492-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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46
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We are what we eat: The role of lipids in metabolic diseases. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516463 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a fundamental role, both structurally and functionally, for the correct functioning of the organism. In the last two decades, they have evolved from molecules involved only in energy storage to compounds that play an important role as components of cell membranes and signaling molecules that regulate cell homeostasis. For this reason, their interest as compounds involved in human health has been gaining weight. Indeed, lipids derived from dietary sources and endogenous biosynthesis are relevant for the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. There exist pathological conditions that are characterized by alterations in lipid metabolism. This is particularly true for metabolic diseases, such as liver steatosis, type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The main issue to be considered is lipid homeostasis. A precise control of fat homeostasis is required for a correct regulation of metabolic pathways and safe and efficient energy storage in adipocytes. When this fails, a deregulation occurs in the maintenance of systemic metabolism. This happens because an increased concentrations of lipids impair cellular homeostasis and disrupt tissue function, giving rise to lipotoxicity. Fat accumulation results in many alterations in the physiology of the affected organs, mainly in metabolic tissues. These alterations include the activation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased inflammation, accumulation of bioactive molecules and modification of gene expression. In this chapter, we review the main metabolic diseases in which alterations in lipid homeostasis are involved and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms.
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Gallage S, Avila JEB, Ramadori P, Focaccia E, Rahbari M, Ali A, Malek NP, Anstee QM, Heikenwalder M. A researcher's guide to preclinical mouse NASH models. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1632-1649. [PMID: 36539621 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its inflammatory form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have quickly risen to become the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the Western world and are risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is not only one of the most common cancers but is also highly lethal. Nevertheless, there are currently no clinically approved drugs for NAFLD, and NASH-induced HCC poses a unique metabolic microenvironment that may influence responsiveness to certain treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the pathogenesis of this rampant disease to devise new therapies. In this line, preclinical mouse models are crucial tools to investigate mechanisms as well as novel treatment modalities during the pathogenesis of NASH and subsequent HCC in preparation for human clinical trials. Although, there are numerous genetically induced, diet-induced and toxin-induced models of NASH, not all of these models faithfully phenocopy and mirror the human pathology very well. In this Perspective, we shed some light onto the most widely used mouse models of NASH and highlight some of the key advantages and disadvantages of the various models with an emphasis on 'Western diets', which are increasingly recognized as some of the best models in recapitulating the human NASH pathology and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchira Gallage
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jose Efren Barragan Avila
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Ramadori
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enrico Focaccia
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahbari
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adnan Ali
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department Internal Medicine I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Alemany-Pagès M, Tavares R, Azul AM, Ramalho-Santos J. A healthy liver will always deliver: development of a NAFLD awareness comic. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6936407. [PMID: 36534948 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Comics can be an effective tool to communicate health information and appeal to behavior change. The aim of this project, undertaken by a multidisciplinary team, was to develop a comic to raise awareness about non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and promote healthy lifestyles regarding dietary practices and regular physical activity patterns. We focused on the ability of comics in portraying abstract concepts to articulate NAFLD biomedical knowledge and use it as an encouragement/empowerment strategy towards disease-related beliefs, attitudes, intentions and behaviors. Formative research by means of a NAFLD awareness study with T2DM patients informed the selection of biomedical content and the design of characters and storylines on which the former was embedded. Mindful of graphic narrative and storytelling as a valuable tool in the domains of health promotion, disease prevention and therapeutic adherence, this work discusses the decisions that were taken for the materialization of the comic ‘A healthy liver will always deliver!’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Alemany-Pagès
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Tavares
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Marisa Azul
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,DCV-Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Yaghoubi F, Darand M, Vasmehjani AA, Darabi Z, Talenezhad N, Mirzavandi F, Hosseinzadeh M. Adherence to low carbohydrate diets and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case control study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:140. [PMID: 36447244 PMCID: PMC9706826 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver cells of people who do not drink alcohol. The aim of study is investigated the association between low carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and NAFLD. METHODS This age and gender-matched case-control study was conducted on 120 patients newly diagnosed with NAFLD and 120 adults without NAFLD. Diagnosis of NAFLD based on laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasound. Low carbohydrate diets score calculated on the percentage of energy as carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Participants in the highest rank intake of fat and protein and lowest intake of carbohydrate received 10 points. Multivariable logistic odds ratio was used for examine the relation between LCDs and NAFLD. RESULTS This study showed subjects in the highest tertile of LCD has more intake of zinc and vitamin B12 compare to lowest. Also, intake of protein (p = 0.02) carbohydrate (p < 0.02) and cholesterol (p = 0.02) were significantly higher in patient with NAFLD compare to control subjects. There was no significant association between LCD and risk of NAFLD (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.97-1.92; P-trend = 0.13) in crude and adjusted (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.84-2.04; P-trend = 0.23) model. CONCLUSION However, we showed that intake of protein, carbohydrate and cholesterol are higher in NAFLD, but our results of study showed that LCDs with higher proportion intakes of protein and fat was not associated with NAFLD. Further prospective studies are required for confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yaghoubi
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mina Darand
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aazam Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Darabi
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasir Talenezhad
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farhang Mirzavandi
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Yu J, Sun H, Yang Y, Yan Y. Sesamolin Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213853. [PMID: 36430326 PMCID: PMC9694049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major public health problem. The effects of sesamolin on obesity-associated NAFLD and its possible mechanism are still poorly understood. The present study investigated the effects of sesamolin on NAFLD and changes in gut microbiota and serum metabolites in high-fat and high-fructose (HF-HF) diet-fed mice. Mice with NAFLD were treated with or without sesamolin. Sesamolin effectively suppressed obesity-associated metabolic disorder, attenuated hepatic steatosis and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and decreased levels of hepatic proinflammatory cytokines. Sesamolin also altered the composition of gut microbiota at the genus level. Additionally, differential serum metabolite biomarkers identified in an untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that sesamolin changed the levels of metabolites and influenced metabolomics pathways including caffeine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Changes in metabolite biomarkers and the abundances of Faecalibaculum, Lachnoclostridium, Mucispirillum, Allobaculum, and Bacteroides are highly correlated with those factors involved in the progression of NAFLD. These results are important in deciphering new mechanisms by which changes in bacteria and metabolites in sesamolin treatment might be associated with the alleviation of obesity-associated NAFLD in HF-HF diet-fed mice. Thus, sesamolin may be a potential compound for obesity-associated NAFLD treatment.
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