Glioblastoma stem cells: Molecular characteristics and therapeutic implications

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.230

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Stem Cells. Apr 26, 2014; 6(2): 230-238
Published online Apr 26, 2014. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.230

Table 1 Major signaling pathways and their roles in glioblastoma stem cell biology

Signaling pathway	Function	Ref.
Self-renewal
Notch Signaling	Maintenance of GSCs	[50-57]
	Tumorsphere formation
	Tumorigenesis
	Asymmetric division
TGF-β Signaling	Regulation of self-renewal	[34,58]
TGF-β Signaling	Maintenance of perivascular GSCs	[34,58]
Sonic Hedgehog Signaling	Promotion of self-renewal and migration	[56,61-66]
	Upregulation of stem cell associated genes
	Tumorigenesis
Wnt/β-catenin Signaling	Self-renewal and maintenance of GSCs	[15,66-71]
	Tumorigenesis
	Associated with bad prognosis
PI3K/Akt Signaling	Promotion of GSC self-renewal in vitro	[41-44]
	Proliferation and survival of GSCs
	Tumorigenesis
MAPK Signaling	Proliferation and survival of GSCs	[41]
Differentiation
BMP Signaling	Inhibition of asymmetric division	[72-74]
BMP Signaling	Differentiation and proliferation block	[72-74]
Notch Signaling	Trans-differentiation to tumor-derived endothelium	[16]
TGF-β Signaling	Trans-differentiation to vascular pericytes	[17]

GSC: Glioblastoma stem cell; TGF: Transforming growth factor.

Citation: Bayin NS, Modrek AS, Placantonakis DG. Glioblastoma stem cells: Molecular characteristics and therapeutic implications. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6(2): 230-238
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v6/i2/230.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.230