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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Stem Cells. Feb 26, 2024; 16(2): 102-113
Published online Feb 26, 2024. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.102
Table 1 Molecules regulating osteogenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
No
Name
Experimental model(s)
Effect
Role
Ref.
1CRYABIn vitro and in vivoPromotes osteogenic activityActs as a regulator of the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and protects β-catenin from proteasomal degradation[37]
2LGR6In vitro and in vivoPromotes osteogenic activityLGR6 improves the signaling pathway mediated by Wnt/β-catenin during osteogenesis by stabilizing β-catenin within the cytoplasm[38]
3KLF14In vitro and in vivoInhibits osteogenic activityKLF14 and Wnt3A promoter interaction suppresses the expression of Wnt3A and downstream targets of Wnt signaling during osteogenesis[39]
4DLX2In vitroPromotes osteogenic activityDLX2 binds to WNT1, upregulating WNT1 transcription and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[40]
5FOXQ1In vitro and in vivoPromotes osteogenic activityFOXQ1 regulates the activities of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by binding to annexin A2[41]
6BRD4In vitroPromotes osteogenic activityBRD4 improves the expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin by binding to the promoter region of Wnt3a or β-catenin during osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs[42]
7LECT2In vitro and in vivoNegatively regulates osteogenic activityLECT2 knockdown triggers the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, promoting the osteoblast differentiation of MSCs[43]
Table 2 Molecules regulating osteogenesis via the bone morphogenetic protein/Smad-dependent pathway
No
Name
Experimental model(s)
Effect
Role
Ref.
1LMCD1In vitro and in vivoPromotes osteogenic activityActs along with Smad-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 to modulate the ubiquitination levels of Smad1 and Runx2[50]
2CarnosolIn vitroInduces osteogenic activityStimulates osteogenesis via the activation of the BMP signaling pathway and consequent upregulation of the expression of downstream target genes[51]
3IL-1βIn vitro and in vivoPromotes osteogenic activityEnhances the osteogenic differentiation potential of mouse bone marrow MSCs by activating the BMP/Smad osteogenic signaling pathway[52]
4NGFIn vitroPromotes osteogenic activityIncreases BMP2 expression and phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad1/5/8[53]
5NobiletinIn vitroPromotes osteogenic activityStimulates osteogenic differentiation by promoting Runx2 and BMP2 signaling[54]
6SimvastatinIn vitro and in vivoPromotes osteogenic activityIncreases the expression of osteogenic differentiation- and BMP2/Smads pathway-associated genes[55]
7IsoquercitrinIn vitroPromotes osteogenic activityStimulates osteogenic differentiation via Runx2 expression in osteoblasts and BMP pathway in BMSCs[56]