Up-to-date meta-analysis of long-term evaluations of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for complex perianal fistula

Table 1 Studies of local mesenchymal stem cells in complex perianal fistulas

Ref.	Cell type and source	Outcome assessment	Study outcomes	Intervention (mean)	AEs	Concurrent use of anti-TNF
Guadalajara et al[14], 2012	Autologous, ASCs	Re-epithelialization + MRI	10/18 for MSCs + FG; 3/12 for FG at 1 yr	First: 2 × 107 MSCs; second: 4 × 107 MSCs	/	Yes
Herreros et al[15], 2012	Autologous, ASCs	Re-epithelialization +MRI	24/42 for MSCs; 22/42 for MSCs + FG; 19/51 for FG at 48 wk	First: 2 × 107 MSCs; second: 4 × 107 MSCs	/	Yes
Garcia-Arranz et al[16], 2020	Autologous, ASCs	Re-epithelialization	10/20 for MSCs + FG; 5/19 for FG at 2 yr	First: 10 × 107 MSCs; second: 10 × 107 MSCs	7/23 for MSCs + FG vs 9/21 for FG	Yes
Barnhoorn et al[17], 2020	Allogeneic, BMSCs	MRI	8/13 for MSCs; 0/3 for placebo group at 4 yr	A: 1 × 107 MSCs; B: 3 × 107 MSCs; C: 9 × 107 MSCs	/	/
Panés et al[18], 2022	Allogeneic, ASCs	Re-epithelialization	23/43 for MSC; 21/46 for saline solution at 156 wk	12 × 107 MSCs	/	Yes
Garcia-Olmo et al[19], 2022	Allogeneic, ASCs	Re-epithelialization	14/25 for MSCs; 6/15 for saline solution at 104 wk	12 × 107 MSCs	3/25 for MSCs vs 1/15 for placebo	Yes

AEs: Adverse events; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; ASCs: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells; BMSCs: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells; FG: Fibrin glue; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.