Strategies to improve the effect of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Common factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells[35]

Type	Representative factors
Immunomodulatory factor	HGF, TGF-β1, PGE2, IDO
Chemokine	RANTES, SDF-1α, MIP-1α, MCP-1
Nutritional factors	HGF, NGF, FGF-2, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, EGF
Haematopoietic growth factor	G-CSF, M-CSF, GM-CSF, EPO
Vascular regeneration factor	VEGF165, FGF-2, EGF, PDGF
Scar inhibiting factor	HGF, FGF-2
Anti-apoptotic factor	VEGF165, FGF-2, HGF

HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; SDF-1α: Stromal cell-derived factor-1α; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NGF: Nerve growth factor; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; G-CSF: Colony stimulating factor 3; M-CSF: Colony stimulating factor 1; GM-CSF: Colony stimulating factor 2; EPO: Erythropoietin; VEGF₁₆₅: Vascular endothelial growth factor-165.