Human amniotic fluid stem cell therapy can help regain bladder function in type 2 diabetic rats

Table 1 TaqMan probes used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis

Gene symbol	Gene name	TaqMan assay ID	Reference sequence	Amplicon size (bp)
Chrm2	M2	Rn02532311_s1	NM_031016.1	127
Chrm3	M3	Rn00560986_s1	NM_012527.2	129
Ngf	NGF	Rn01533872_m1	NM_001277055.1	114
Calca	CGRP	Rn01511353_g1	NM_001033955.1	129
Tac1	Substance P	Rn01500392_m1	NM_001124768.1	112
Gapdh	GAPDH	Rn99999916_s1	NM_017008.4	87

Table 2 Blood glucose and body and bladder weight in different groups

	Group (n = 6), [median (Q1, Q3)]	Body weight (initial; gm)	Body weight (final; gm)	Blood glucose (initial; mg/dL)	Blood glucose (final; mg/dL)	Bladder weight (mg)
4 wk	Normal control	244.45 (238.53, 250.68)	305.30 (290.00, 312.00)	136.00 (125.00, 137.00)	132.50 (123.00, 141.25)	167.50 (148.75, 185.00)
	HFD control	235.60 (232.90, 240.65)	339.00 (331.30, 353.63)	144.00 (132.00, 147.00)	161.00 (146.00, 166.00)	147.50 (141.25, 152.50)
	DM	250.30 (243.40, 251.43)	288.80 (287.30, 301.00)	136.50 (131.75, 145.75)	452.50 (434.75, 466.75)a,b	210.00 (205.00, 213.75)b
	DM + insulin	235.50 (233.95, 243.95)	325.70 (295.93, 328.63)	141.50 (130.25, 144.50)	229.00 (213.00, 245.50)	120.00 (120.00, 135.00)c
	DM + hAFSCs	241.00 (228.60, 244.20)	296.90 (276.00, 299.90)	140.00 (136.50, 146.50)	409.00 (377.00, 423.00)a,b	200.00 (192.50, 206.25)d
	P value	0.551	0.082	0.881	0.001	0.001
12 wk	Normal control	255.95 (250.63, 258.65)	336.00 (326.10, 364.90)	141.50 (136.25, 143.00)	155.50 (148.75, 161.50)	170.00 (165.00, 175.00)
	HFD control	249.25 (239.35, 252.25)	380.10 (366.00, 417.40)	147.00 (129.00, 148.00)	158.50 (150.25, 168.25)	130.00 (115.00, 140.00)
	DM	244.20 (238.50, 248.90)	278.50 (277.30, 286.20)a,b	148.00 (115.00, 157.00)	394.00 (378.00, 408.00)a,b	205.00 (190.00, 210.00)b
	DM + insulin	247.10 (242.03, 257.65)	333.20 (304.83, 351.98)	142.50 (133.75, 145.25)	223.50 (210.00, 257.75)	130.00 (126.25, 133.75)c
	DM + hAFSCs	248.40 (239.60, 253.70)	278.60 (260.10, 279.30)a,b,d	138.00 (133.00, 142.75)	374.00 (359.00, 390.50)a,b	187.50 (183.75, 190.00)b,d
	P value	0.756	0.001	0.973	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

^aP < 0.05 vs normal control (4 wk and 12 wk).

^bP < 0.05 vs high-fat diet control (4 wk and 12 wk).

^cP < 0.05 vs diabetes (4 wk and 12 wk).

^dP < 0.05 vs diabetes + insulin (4 wk and 12 wk).

Initial body weight: Body weight measured before therapy. Final body weight: Body weight measured at 4 wk and 12 wk after therapy. Initial body glucose: Body glucose measured before therapy. Final body glucose: Body glucose measured at 4 wk and 12 wk after therapy. Bladder weight: Bladder weight measured at 4 wk and 12 wk after therapy. Statistical methods: Kruskall-Wallis test. P < 0.05 was regarded as significant. DM: Diabetes mellitus; hAFSCs: Human amniotic fluid stem cells; HFD: High-fat diet.