Abnormal lipid synthesis as a therapeutic target for cancer stem cells

Table 1 Inhibitors related to lipid synthesis enzymes of cancer stem cells

Metabolism type	Targeting enzyme	Drug	Cancer type	Metabolic processes or signaling pathways involved	Study type
Lipogenesis	FASN	Cerulenin	Glioma stem cells[63], pancreatic CSCs[65]	FASN	Preclinical trial
	FASN	TVB-2640	NSCLC and breast cancer[139]	FASN	Clinical trial
	ACC	Soraphen A	Breast CSCs[140]	FASN	Preclinical trial
	ACC	ND-646	Non-small-cell lung CSCs[142]	FASN	Preclinical trial
	ACC	Leptin	Breast CSCs[141]	TAK1-AMPK signaling	Preclinical trial
Lipid desaturation	SCD1	CAY10566	Ovarian CSCs[46], glioblastoma CSCs[84]	NF-κB pathway, ER stress	Preclinical trial
	SCD1	A939572	Liver cancer[146], etc.	MUFA synthesis	Preclinical trial
	SCD1	MF-438	Colon CSCs[121], lung CSCs[85]	Wnt, Notch, and YAP/TAZ signaling	Preclinical trial
	SCD1	PluriSIn#1	Colon CSCs[121], liver CSCs[150]	Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling	Preclinical trial
	Delta 6 desaturase	SC-26196	Ovarian CSCs[46]	Polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis	Preclinical trial
Cholesterol synthesis	SREBPs	25-HC or fatostatin	Colon CSCs[98]	Fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis	Preclinical trial
		Pyrvinium pamoate	TNBC CSCs[45]	Cholesterol biosynthesis	Preclinical trial
	HMGCR	Simvastatin	Breast CSCs[95]	Cholesterol biosynthesis	FDA-approved cardiovascular system drug

HMGCR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; CSCs: Cancer stem cells; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; TNBC: Triple negative breast cancer; ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FASN: Fatty acid synthase; MUFA: Monounsaturated fatty acid; NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer; YAP: Yes-associated protein; TAZ: Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif; SREBP: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein; SCD1: Stearyl coenzyme A desaturase 1.