Modified mesenchymal stem cells in cancer therapy: A smart weapon requiring upgrades for wider clinical applications

Table 1 Human mesenchymal stem cells based clinical trials for solid tumors

Clinical trial ID	Source of MSC	Diagnosis	Trial phase	Route of administration	Cell product name (modifying factor)	Status
NCT03298763	Umbilical cord MSC (not specified)	Adenocarcinoma of lung	I/II	Intravenous	MSCTRAIL (TRAIL)	Recruiting
NCT02530047	Bone marrow MSC (not specified)	Ovarian cancer	I	Intraperitoneal	MSC-INFβ (INF-β)	Completed
NCT02068794	ASC (not specified)	Ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer	I/II	Intraperitoneal	(MV-NIS)	Recruiting
NCT02079324	Not specified (not specified)	Head and neck cancer	I	Intratumoral	GX-051 (IL-12)	Unknown
NCT04657315	Not specified (not specified)	Recurrent glioblastoma	I/II	Intratumoral	MSC11FCD (CD)	Not yet recruiting
NCT01983709	Bone marrow MSC (allogenic)	Prostate cancer	I	Intravenous	Not modified	Terminated
NCT02008539	Bone marrow MSC (autologous)	Advanced gastrointestinal cancer	I/II	Infusion	MSC_apceth_101 (HSV-TK)	Terminated
2015-000520-29	Bone marrow MSC (allogenic)	Advanced gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma	I/II	Intravenous	MSC_apceth_111	Prematurely ended
NCT01844661	Bone marrow MSC (autologous)	Metastatic and refractory solid tumors	I/II	Intravenous	CELYVIR (ICOVIR5)	Completed
2019-001154-26	Bone marrow MSC (allogenic)	Relapsed or refractory extracranial solid tumors	I	Intravenous	AloCELYVIR (ICOVIR-5)	Recruiting
NCT04758533	Bone marrow MSC (allogenic)	Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma or medulloblastoma	I/II	Infusion	AloCELYVIR (ICOVIR-5)	Not yet recruiting

Table 1 reports data regarding selected clinical trials investigating the impact of modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) against solid tumors. Beside the clinical trial identification code (Clinical trial ID), were reported (from left to right): Source of MSC and the related use in brackets (Source of MSC), diagnosis of enrolled patients (Diagnosis), clinical trial phase (Trial phase), route of cell administration to patients (Route of administration), cell product name and related modification approach [Cell product name (modifying factor)] and the actual trial status (Status). MSC: Mesenchymal stem stromal cells; TRAIL: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; INFβ: Interferon beta; MV-NIS: Oncolytic measles virus encoding thyroidal sodium iodide symporter; IL-12: Interleukin-12; CD: Cytosine deaminase; HSV-TK: Herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase; ICOVIR5: Modified oncolytic adenovirus.