Multidifferentiation potential of dental-derived stem cells

Table 1 Summary of the microRNAs influencing the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells

Ref.	MicroRNA	Cell type	Signaling pathway or targets	Outcome
Zhan et al[112], 2018	miR-143-5p	DPSCs	OPG/RANKL	Downregulation promoted odontoblastic differentiation
Yang et al[113], 2020	miR-143-3p	DPSCs	OPG/RANKL	Downregulation promoted odontogenic differentiation
Wang et al[114], 2019	miR-143-5p	DPSCs	MAPK14	Downregulation promoted odontoblastic differentiation
Yu et al[115], 2019	miR-488	DPSCs	MAPK1	Downregulation enhanced odontoblastic differentiation
Wang et al[116], 2020	miR-125a-3p	DPSCs	Fyn	Regulated odontoblastic differentiation in an inflammation model
Yuan et al[117], 2019	miR-let-7c-5p	Inflamed human DPSCs	-	Restored the osteogenic differentiation
Huang et al[118], 2019	miR-223-3p	Inflamed human DPSCs	-	Increased the proteins levels of DSPP and DMP-1
Sun et al[119], 2017	miR-140-5p	DPSCs	-	Inhibited odontoblastic differentiation after LPS treated
Liu et al[120], 2019	miR-508-5p	DPSCs	GPNMB	Inhibited odontogenic differentiation
Xu et al[121], 2018	miR-21	DPSCs	STAT3	Downregulation caused the decreasing expression of DMP-1 and DSPP
Qiu et al[122], 2019	miR-146a-5p	STRO-1 + human DPSCs	-	Promoted osteo/odontogenic differentiation
Zhang et al[123], 2018	miR-143	DPSCs	TNF-α/NF-κB	Suppressed the osteogenic differentiation
Yao et al[124], 2019	miR-215, miR-219a-1-3p	DPSCs	HspB8	Inhibited the osteogenic differentiation
Wei et al[125], 2017	miR-21	PDLSCs	Smad5	Inhibited osteogenesis
Li et al[126], 2019	miR-24-3p	PDLSCs	Smad5	Inhibited osteogenic differentiation
Wei et al[127], 2015	miR-21	PDLSCs	ACVR2B	Performed a positive function in mediating the stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation
Yao et al[128], 2017; Cao et al[129], 2017	miR-214	PDLSCs	ATF4, Wnt/β-catenin	Downregulation decreased the osteogenic differentiation
Bao et al[130], 2019	miR-148a	PDLSCs	-	Downregulation rescued the inhibition of osteogenesis triggered by LPS stimulation
Yan et al[131], 2017	miR-22	PDLSCs	HDAC6	Promoted osteogenesis
Li et al[132], 2018	miR-17	PDLSCs	HDAC9	Promoted osteogenesis in an inflammation condition
Xu et al[133], 2019	miR-132	PDLSCs	GDF5, NF-κB	Inhibited the osteogenesis
Zhen et al[134], 2017	miR-31	PDLSCs	Satb2	Took part in the high glucose-suppressed osteogenic differentiation
Wan et al[135], 2012	miR-34a	Human dental papilla cells	-	Increased the expression of DSPP and decreased the expression of ALP
Sun et al[136], 2014	miR-34a	SCAPs	-	Upregulated odonto/osteogenic markers
Wang et al[137], 2018	miR hsa-let-7b	SCAPs	MMP1	Suppressed the odonto/osteogenic differentiation
Dernowsek et al[138], 2017	miR-450a-5p,miR-28-5p	SHED	-	Supported the osteogenesis
Klingelhöffer et al[139], 2016	miR-101	DFSCs	-	Enhanced the osteogenic differentiation
Han et al[140], 2019	miR-3940-5p	GMSCs	-	Promoted the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation

DPSCs: Dental pulp stem cells; PDLSCs: Periodontal ligament stem cells; SCAPs: Stem cells from apical papilla; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; OPG/RANKL: Osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand; GPNMB: Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanomal protein B; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; NF-κB: Nuclear factor κB; ATF4: Activating transcription factor 4; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; DSPP: Dentine sialophosphoprotein; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; SHED: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous; GMSCs: Gingival mesenchymal stem cells; DFSCs: Dental follicle stem cells; HspB8: Heat shock protein B8; ACVR2B: Activin receptor type IIB; GDF5: Growth differentiation factor 5; MMP1: Matrix metalloproteinase 1; miR: MicroRNA; DMP-1: Dentine matrix protein 1; Smad5: SMAD family member 5.

Table 2 Summary of the long noncoding RNAs influencing the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells

Ref.	LncRNA	Cell type	Signaling pathway or targets	Outcome
Liu et al[141], 2020	lncRNA SNHG7	DPSCs	miR-1226-3p, miR-210-5p	Downregulation inhibited osteo/odontogenic differentiation
Chen et al[142], 2020	lncRNA-G043225	DPSCs	miR-588, FBN1	Positively regulated odontoblastic differentiation
Zhong et al[145], 2019	lncRNA CCAT1	DPSCs	miR-218	Overexpression promoted odontogenic differentiation
Zeng et al[146], 2018	lncRNA H19	DPSCs	DLX3	Upregulation enhanced odontogenic differentiation
Shi et al[143], 2019	lncRNA STL	DPSCs	-	Knockdown inhibited osteogenesis
Tao et al[147], 2019	lncRNA XIST	DPSCs	-	Downregulation inhibited osteogenic differentiation
Zheng et al[149], 2018	lncRNA MEG8, lncRNA MIR22HG	PDLSCs	-	Downregulation suppressed osteogenic differentiation
Liu et al[150], 2019; Deng et al[151], 2018	lncRNA MEG3	PDLSCs	miR-27a-3p/IGF1 axis, Wnt/β-catenin	Knockdown inhibited osteogenesis
Wang et al[152], 2016	lncRNA-POIR	PDLSCs	miR-182	Enhanced osteogenic differentiation
Xu et al[153], 2019	lncRNA-TWIST1	PDLSCs	TWIST1	Improved osteogenic differentiation
Jia et al[154], 2019	lncPCAT1	PDLSCs	-	Reversed the suppression effect of osteogenesis caused by miR-106a-5p overexpression
Huang et al[155], 2020	lncRNA FER1L4	PDLSCs	miR-874-3p	Promoted osteogenic differentiation
Feng et al[156], 2020	lncRNA XIST	PDLSCs	miR-214-3p	Enhanced osteogenic differentiation
He et al[160], 2018	lncRNA TUG1	PDLSCs	lin-28 homolog A	Improved osteogenic differentiation
Wang et al[161], 2020	lncRNA DANCR	PDLSCs	-	Positively regulated osteogenic differentiation
Li et al[162], 2019	lncRNA H19	SCAPs	lncRNA-H19/miR-141/SPAG9/MAPK	Promoted the osteo/odontogenesis
Jia et al[157], 2016; Jia et al[158], 2015; Peng et al[159], 2018	lncRNA ANCR	DPSCs, PDLSCs, SCAPs	Wnt, lncRNA-ANCR/miR-758/Notch2 (PDLSCs)	Downregulation facilitated osteogenic differentiation

DPSCs: Dental pulp stem cells; FBN1: Fibrillin 1; lncRNAs: Long noncoding RNAs; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; MEG3/8: Maternally-expressed 3/8; miR: MicroRNA; IGF1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; PDLSCs: Periodontal ligament stem cells; SCAPs: Stem cells from apical papilla; XIST: X-inactive specific transcript.